Umthombo we-athikili: Ijenali Yocwaningo Lwemishini Yezolimo;

Umbhali: Yingying Shan, Xinmin Shan, Song Gu.

I-Watermelon, njengesitshalo esivamile sezomnotho, inesidingo esikhulu semakethe kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu, kodwa ukutshala kwayo izithombo kunzima kumakhabe kanye nesitshalo seqanda. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi: ikhabe isitshalo esithanda ukukhanya. Uma kungenakukhanya okwanele ngemva kokuba isithombo sekhabe siphukile, sizokhula futhi senze izithombo eziphakeme, ezithinta kakhulu izinga lezithombo kanye nokukhula kamuva. Ikhabe kusukela ekuhlanyelweni kuya ekutshalweni kwenzeka phakathi kukaZibandlela walowo nyaka kanye noFebhuwari wonyaka olandelayo, okuyinkathi enezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu, ukukhanya okubuthakathaka kanye nesifo esibi kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeChina, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi akukho ukukhanya kwelanga izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya engxenyeni yenyanga ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma kuba nokuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kanye nesimo sezulu esikhithika, kungabangela ngisho nenani elikhulu lezithombo ezifile, okuzoletha umonakalo omkhulu ekulahlekelweni komnotho wabalimi.

Ungawusebenzisa kanjani umthombo wokukhanya wokwenziwa, isb ukukhanya okuvela ku-LED grow lights, ukufaka “umanyolo okhanyayo” ezitshalweni ezihlanganisa nezithombo zamakhabe ngaphansi kwesimo sokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokwandisa isivuno, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu, izifo. ukumelana nokungangcoli ngenkathi kugqugquzelwa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, bekuyisiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo lososayensi abakhiqiza ezolimo iminyaka eminingi.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi isilinganiso esihlukile sokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nakho kube nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwezithombo zezitshalo. Isibonelo, umcwaningi u-Tang Dawei nabanye bathola ukuthi i-R / b = 7:3 iyinani elingcono kakhulu lokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekukhuleni kwesithombo sekhukhamba; umcwaningi uGao Yi nabanye baveze ephepheni labo ukuthi i-R/b = 8:1 umthombo wokukhanya okuxubile uwukulungisa ofaneleka kakhulu kokukhanya okungeziwe ekukhuleni kwesithombo se-Luffa.

Ngaphambilini, abanye abantu bazama ukusebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa njengezibani ze-fluorescent nezibani zesodium ukwenza izithombo zokuhlola, kodwa umphumela wawungemuhle. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, kube nocwaningo mayelana nokutshalwa kwezithombo kusetshenziswa izibani ze-LED njengemithombo yokukhanya eyengeziwe.

Izibani zokukhulisa i-LED zinezinzuzo zokonga amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha nokwethembeka, impilo yesevisi ende, usayizi omncane, isisindo sokukhanya, ukukhiqiza ukushisa okuphansi kanye nokuhlakazwa kokukhanya okuhle noma ukulawula okuhlangene. Ingahlanganiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zokuthola ukukhanya okumsulwa kwe-monochromatic kanye ne-spectrum eyinhlanganisela, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa elisebenzayo lamandla okukhanya lingafinyelela ku-80% - 90%. Kubhekwa njengomthombo wokukhanya ongcono kakhulu ekulimeni.

Njengamanje, kwenziwe izifundo eziningi mayelana nokutshalwa kwerayisi, ikhukhamba nesipinashi ngomthombo wokukhanya we-LED ohlanzekile e-China, futhi kukhona intuthuko eyenziwe. Kodwa-ke, ezitshalweni zekhabe okunzima ukuzikhulisa, ubuchwepheshe bamanje busahlala esiteji sokukhanya kwemvelo, futhi ukukhanya kwe-LED kusetshenziswa kuphela njengomthombo wokukhanya owengeziwe.

Ngokubheka lezi zinkinga ezingenhla, leli phepha lizozama ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-LED njengomthombo wokukhanya okumsulwa ukuze kufundwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzalanisa izithombo zekhabe kanye nesilinganiso esihle kakhulu se-flux ekhanyayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lezithombo zekhabe ngaphandle kokuthembela ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ukuze hlinzeka ngesisekelo sethiyori kanye nokwesekwa kwedatha yokulawula ukukhanya kwesithombo sekhabe ezindaweni.

A.Inqubo yokuhlola kanye nemiphumela

1. Izinto zokuhlola nokwelashwa okulula

Ikhabe i-ZAOJIA 8424 yasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni, kanti indawo yokutshala kwakuyi-Jinhai Jinjin 3. Indawo yokuhlola yakhethwa efektri yenkulisa ye-LED Grow Light e-Quzhou City futhi imishini yokukhanyisa i-LED grow yasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wokuhlola. Ukuhlolwa kuthathe imijikelezo emi-5. Isikhathi esisodwa sokuhlola kwakuyizinsuku ezingama-25 ukusuka ekucwilisweni kwembewu, ukuhluma kuya ekukhuleni kwezithombo. I-photoperiod yayingamahora angu-8. Izinga lokushisa lasendlini lalingu-25 ° kuya ku-28 ° emini (7:00-17:00) no-15 ° kuya ku-18 ° kusihlwa (17:00-7:00). Umswakama we-ambient wawungu-60% - 80%.

Ubuhlalu be-LED obubomvu nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka busetshenziswa endaweni yokukhanyisa i-LED, enobude obubomvu obungu-660nm kanye ne-blue wavelength engu-450nm. Esivivinyweni, ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okunesilinganiso esikhanyayo se-flux esingu-5:1, 6:1 kanye no-7:13 sisetshenzisiwe ukuze kuqhathaniswe.

2. Inkomba yokulinganisa kanye nendlela

Ekupheleni komjikelezo ngamunye, izithombo ezi-3 zikhethwa ngokungahleliwe ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lezithombo. Izinkomba zazihlanganisa isisindo esomile nesisha, ubude besitshalo, ububanzi besiqu, inombolo yamaqabunga, indawo ethile yamaqabunga kanye nobude bezimpande. Phakathi kwazo, ukuphakama kwesitshalo, ububanzi besiqu kanye nobude bezimpande bungalinganiswa nge-vernier caliper; inombolo yeqabunga nenombolo yezimpande zingabalwa ngesandla; isisindo esomile nesisha kanye nendawo ethile yeqabunga ingabalwa ngerula.

3. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwedatha

4. Imiphumela

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhonjiswe kuThebula 1 kanye nezibalo 1-5.

Kusukela kuthebula 1 nomfanekiso 1-5, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhanya ukuze kudlule, isisindo esisha esomile siyehla, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuyanda (kukhona into yobude obuyize), isiqu sesitshalo siyakhula. mncane futhi mncane, indawo ethile yeqabunga iyancishiswa, futhi ubude bempande bufushane futhi bufushane.

B.Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela nokuhlolwa

1. Uma ukukhanya kokudlula kungu-5:1, ukukhula kwesithombo sekhabe kungcono kakhulu.

2. Isithombo esincane esikhanyiswe i-LED grow light with high blue light ratio sibonisa ukuthi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunomphumela osobala wokucindezela ekukhuleni kwesitshalo, ikakhulukazi esiqwini sesitshalo, futhi alinawo umthelela ekukhuleni kwamaqabunga; ukukhanya okubomvu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha lapho isilinganiso sokukhanya okubomvu sikhulu, kodwa ubude baso busobala, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

3. Isitshalo sidinga isilinganiso esihlukile sokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezikhathi ezihlukene zokukhula. Isibonelo, izithombo zekhabe zidinga ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekuqaleni, okungacindezela ukukhula kwesithombo; kodwa esigabeni sakamuva, idinga ukukhanya okubomvu okwengeziwe. Uma isilinganiso sokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka sihlala siphezulu, isithombo sizoba sincane futhi sibe sifushane.

4. Ukukhanya kwe-watermelon yisithombo ekuqaleni angeke kube namandla kakhulu, okuzophazamisa ukukhula kwezithombo kamuva. Indlela engcono ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okubuthakathaka ekuqaleni bese usebenzisa ukukhanya okuqinile kamuva.

5. Ukukhanya okuphusile kwe-LED kuzoqinisekiswa. Kutholakala ukuthi uma amandla okukhanya ephansi kakhulu, ukukhula kwezithombo kubuthakathaka futhi kulula ukukhula ngeze. Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhanya okujwayelekile kokukhula kwezithombo akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-120wml; noma kunjalo, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokukhula kwezithombo ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu akubonakali, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyanda, okungahambisani nokusetshenziswa kwefektri esikhathini esizayo.

C. Imiphumela

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-LED omsulwa ukutshala izithombo zamakhabe ekamelweni elimnyama, futhi ukukhanya okukhanyayo okungu-5:1 kwakuwusizo kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezithombo zekhabe izikhathi eziyisi-6 noma ezingu-7. Kunamaphuzu amathathu abalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-LED ekutshalweni kwezimboni zezithombo zekhabe

1. Isilinganiso sokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sibaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhula kokuqala kwezithombo zekhabe akukwazi ukukhanyiswa ukukhanya kwe-LED okunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuphezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzothinta ukukhula kwakamuva.

2. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunomphumela obalulekile ekuhlukaniseni amaseli nezitho zezithombo zekhabe. Ukukhanya okunamandla kwenza izithombo zikhule ziqine; amandla okukhanya abuthakathaka enza izithombo zikhule ngeze.

3. Esigabeni sezithombo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombo ezinokukhanya okuphansi kuno-120 μ mol / m2 · s, izithombo ezinokukhanya okukhulu kuno-150 μ mol / m2 · s zakhula kancane lapho zithuthela ezweni lepulazi.

Ukukhula kwezithombo zamakhabe kwakungcono kakhulu lapho isilinganiso sokubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka singu-5:1. Ngokwemiphumela ehlukene yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokukhanya okubomvu ezitshalweni, indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhanyisa ukukhulisa ngokufanelekile ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekuqaleni kokukhula kwezithombo, futhi wengeze ukukhanya okubomvu okwengeziwe esigabeni sokugcina sokukhula kwezithombo; sebenzisa ukukhanya okubuthakathaka esigabeni sokuqala, bese usebenzisa ukukhanya okuqinile esigabeni sokugcina.