U-Li Jianming, u-Sun Guotao, njll.Ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bezolimo bezolimo ezishisayo2022-11-21 17:42 Kushicilelwe eBeijing

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yezindlu ezigcina umswakama ithuthukiswe ngamandla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu ezigcina umswakama akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nezinga lokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, kodwa futhi kuxazulula inkinga yokuhlinzekwa kwezithelo nemifino ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, indlu ezigcina umswakama nayo ibhekane nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe. Izakhiwo zokuqala, izindlela zokushisa kanye nezakhiwo kuye kwaveza ukumelana nemvelo kanye nentuthuko. Izinto ezintsha kanye nemiklamo emisha kuyadingeka ngokushesha ukushintsha isakhiwo sezindlu ezigcina umswakama, futhi imithombo emisha yamandla iyadingeka ngokushesha ukuze kufezwe izinhloso zokulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nemali engenayo.

Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngesihloko esithi “amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha, umklamo omusha wokusiza uguquko olusha lwe-greenhouse”, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla e-geothermal kanye neminye imithombo yamandla emisha ku-greenhouse, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokumboza, ukuvikela ukushisa, izindonga kanye neminye imishini, kanye nethemba lesikhathi esizayo kanye nokucabanga kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo omusha wokusiza ekuguqulweni kwe-greenhouse, ukuze kunikezwe inkomba embonini.

Ukuthuthukisa ezolimo zezikhungo kuyisidingo sezepolitiki kanye nokukhetha okungenakugwenywa kokusebenzisa umoya wemiyalelo ebalulekile kanye nokwenza izinqumo kukahulumeni ophakathi. Ngo-2020, indawo iyonke yezolimo ezivikelwe eShayina izoba yizigidi ezingu-2.8 zama-hm2, kanti inani lokukhipha lizodlula i-yuan eyi-1 trillion. Kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa amandla okukhiqiza izitshalo ezishisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhanya kwezitshalo ezishisayo kanye nokusebenza kokushisa ngokusebenzisa amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo omusha wezitshalo ezishisayo. Kunezinkinga eziningi ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo ezishisayo zendabuko, njengamalahle, uwoyela kaphethiloli kanye neminye imithombo yamandla esetshenziselwa ukushisa nokushisa ezindaweni ezishisayo zendabuko, okuholela enanini elikhulu legesi ye-dioxide, engcolisa kakhulu imvelo, kuyilapho igesi yemvelo, amandla kagesi kanye neminye imithombo yamandla kukhulisa izindleko zokusebenza kwezindawo ezishisayo zezitshalo ezishisayo. Izinto zokugcina ukushisa zendabuko zezindonga zezitshalo ezishisayo ikakhulukazi ubumba nezitini, ezidla kakhulu futhi zibangele umonakalo omkhulu ezinsizeni zomhlaba. Ukusebenza kahle komhlaba kwezitshalo ezishisayo zelanga zendabuko ezinodonga lomhlabathi kungama-40% ~ 50% kuphela, futhi indlu eshisayo evamile inamandla okugcina ukushisa aphansi, ngakho ayikwazi ukuphila ubusika bonke ukuze ikhiqize imifino efudumele enyakatho yeShayina. Ngakho-ke, ingqikithi yokukhuthaza ushintsho lwe-greenhouse, noma ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lusekuklanyweni kwe-greenhouse, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye namandla amasha. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ocwaningweni nasekusungulweni kwemithombo yamandla emisha ku-greenhouse, sifingqe isimo socwaningo lwemithombo yamandla emisha njengamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla e-geothermal, amandla omoya kanye nezinto ezintsha zokumboza ezibonakalayo, izinto zokuvala ukushisa kanye nezinto zodonga ku-greenhouse, sihlaziye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse entsha, futhi sibheke phambili endimeni yazo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuguqulweni kwe-greenhouse esikhathini esizayo.

Ucwaningo Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Ezigcina Ukushisa Kwamandla

Amandla amasha aluhlaza anamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa kwezolimo ahlanganisa amandla elanga, amandla okushisa komhlaba kanye namandla e-biomass, noma ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemithombo emisha ehlukahlukene yamandla, ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela ephumelelayo ngokufunda emaphuzu aqinile omunye nomunye.

amandla elanga/amandla

Ubuchwepheshe bamandla elanga buyindlela yokuphakelwa kwamandla ephansi, esebenza kahle futhi eqhubekayo, futhi buyingxenye ebalulekile yezimboni ezisafufusa zaseShayina. Buzoba ukukhetha okungenakugwenywa kokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo samandla saseShayina esikhathini esizayo. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwamandla, i-greenhouse ngokwayo iyisakhiwo sendawo yokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga. Ngomphumela we-greenhouse, amandla elanga aqoqwa ngaphakathi, izinga lokushisa le-greenhouse liyaphakanyiswa, futhi ukushisa okudingekayo kokukhula kwezitshalo kuyanikezwa. Umthombo wamandla oyinhloko we-photosynthesis yezitshalo ze-greenhouse ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okuwukusetshenziswa ngqo kwamandla elanga.

01 Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic ukuze kukhiqizwe ukushisa

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ubuchwepheshe obuguqula ngqo amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi ngokusekelwe kumphumela we-photovoltaic. Isici esiyinhloko salobu buchwepheshe yiseli yelanga. Lapho amandla elanga ekhanya phezu kwamaphaneli elanga ngokulandelana noma ngokuhambisana, izingxenye ze-semiconductor ziguqula ngqo amandla emisebe yelanga abe amandla kagesi. Ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic bungaguqula ngqo amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi, bugcine ugesi ngamabhethri, futhi bufudumale i-greenhouse ebusuku, kodwa izindleko zalo eziphakeme zivimbela intuthuko yalo eqhubekayo. Iqembu locwaningo lakha idivayisi yokushisa ye-photovoltaic graphene, equkethe amaphaneli e-photovoltaic aguquguqukayo, umshini wokulawula obuyela emuva ophelele, ibhethri lokugcina kanye nenduku yokushisa ye-graphene. Ngokusho kobude bomugqa wokutshala, induku yokushisa ye-graphene ingcwatshwa ngaphansi kwesikhwama se-substrate. Emini, amaphaneli e-photovoltaic amunca imisebe yelanga ukuze akhiqize ugesi futhi awugcine ebhethrini lokugcina, bese ugesi ukhishwa ebusuku ngenduku yokushisa ye-graphene. Ekulinganisweni kwangempela, kusetshenziswa imodi yokulawula izinga lokushisa eqala ku-17℃ bese ivala ku-19℃. Ukusebenza ebusuku (20:00-08:00 ngosuku lwesibili) amahora angu-8, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa umugqa owodwa wezitshalo kungu-1.24 kW·h, kanti izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lesikhwama se-substrate ebusuku lingu-19.2℃, okuphakeme ngo-3.5 ~ 5.3℃ kunalelo lokulawula. Le ndlela yokushisa ehlanganiswe nokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ixazulula izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokungcola okuphezulu ekushiseni okushisa ukushisa ebusika.

02 Ukuguqulwa kwe-photothermal kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo

Ukuguqulwa kwe-solar photothermal kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo ekhethekile yokuqoqwa kwelanga eyenziwe ngezinto zokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal ukuqoqa nokumunca amandla elanga amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka akhishwa kuyo bese eguqulwa abe amandla okushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-solar photovoltaic, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-solar photothermal zandisa ukumuncwa kwe-near-infrared band, ngakho-ke inokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwelanga okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, futhi iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga.

Ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kakhulu bokuguqulwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-photothermal eShayina yi-solar collector, ingxenye eyinhloko yayo eyi-core plate emunca ukushisa ene-selective absorbing coating, engaguqula amandla emisebe yelanga adlula epuletini elimbozayo abe amandla okushisa futhi awadlulisele endaweni yokusebenza emunca ukushisa. Abaqoqi belanga bangahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngokuthi kukhona isikhala se-vacuum ku-collector noma cha: abaqoqi belanga abasicaba kanye nabaqoqi belanga be-vacuum tube; abaqoqi belanga abagxile kanye nabaqoqi belanga abangagxili ngokuya ngokuthi imisebe yelanga echwebeni lokukhanya kwelanga iyashintsha yini; kanye nabaqoqi belanga abawuketshezi kanye nabaqoqi belanga bomoya ngokuya ngohlobo lwendawo yokusebenza yokudlulisa ukushisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ku-greenhouse kwenziwa kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zabaqoqi belanga. I-Ibn Zor University eMorocco isungule uhlelo lokushisa lwamandla elanga olusebenzayo (i-ASHS) lokufudumala kwe-greenhouse, olungakhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwetamatisi okuphelele ngo-55% ebusika. I-China Agricultural University iklame futhi yathuthukisa isethi yesistimu yokuqoqa nokukhipha ifeni elipholile ebusweni, elinamandla okuqoqa nokushisa angu-390.6～693.0 MJ, futhi yaveza umqondo wokuhlukanisa inqubo yokuqoqa ukushisa nenqubo yokugcina ukushisa ngepompo yokushisa. I-University of Bari e-Italy isungule uhlelo lokushisa lwe-greenhouse polygeneration, oluqukethe uhlelo lwamandla elanga kanye nepompo yokushisa yamanzi omoya, futhi lungakhuphula izinga lokushisa lomoya ngo-3.6% kanye nezinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ngo-92%. Iqembu locwaningo lisungule uhlobo lwemishini yokuqoqa ukushisa yelanga esebenzayo ene-angle eguquguqukayo yokuthambekela kwe-greenhouse yelanga, kanye nedivayisi yokugcina ukushisa esekelayo yomzimba wamanzi ashisayo kulo lonke isimo sezulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga obusebenzayo obunokuthambekela okuguquguqukayo budlula imikhawulo yemishini yokuqoqa ukushisa yendabuko ye-greenhouse, njengomthamo wokuqoqa ukushisa olinganiselwe, umthunzi kanye nokuhlala endaweni etshaliwe. Ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo esikhethekile se-greenhouse ye-solar greenhouse, isikhala esingatshali se-greenhouse sisetshenziswa ngokugcwele, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala se-greenhouse. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezivamile zelanga, uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga olunokuthambekela okuguquguqukayo lufinyelela ku-1.9 MJ/(m2h), ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kufinyelela ku-85.1% kanti izinga lokonga amandla lingu-77%. Kubuchwepheshe bokugcina ukushisa kwe-greenhouse, isakhiwo sokugcina ukushisa esishintshashintshayo sezigaba eziningi siyasethwa, amandla okugcina ukushisa edivayisi yokugcina ukushisa ayandiswa, futhi ukukhishwa kokushisa kancane kudivayisi kuyaqashelwa, ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kahle kokushisa okuqoqwe yimishini yokuqoqa ukushisa kwe-greenhouse ye-solar.

amandla e-biomass

Isakhiwo esisha sesakhiwo sakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa idivayisi ekhiqiza ukushisa kwe-biomass ne-greenhouse, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-biomass ezifana nomquba wengulube, izinsalela zamakhowe kanye notshani kuyahlanganiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ukushisa, futhi amandla okushisa akhiqizwayo anikezwa ngqo ku-greenhouse [5]. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse engenalo ithangi lokushisa lokubilisa i-biomass, i-greenhouse efudumalayo ingakhuphula izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ku-greenhouse futhi igcine izinga lokushisa elifanele lezimpande zezitshalo ezitshalwe enhlabathini esimweni sezulu esijwayelekile ebusika. Ukuthatha i-greenhouse yokushisa engalingani enobubanzi obungu-17m kanye nobude obungu-30m njengesibonelo, ukwengeza u-8m wemfucuza yezolimo (utshani betamatisi kanye nomquba wengulube oxutshwe) ethangini lokubilisa langaphakathi ukuze kukhiqizwe ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokuguquguqula inqwaba kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke le-greenhouse ngo-4.2℃ ebusika, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphansi lansuku zonke lingafinyelela ku-4.6℃.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokubilisa okulawulwa yi-biomass kuyindlela yokubilisa esebenzisa amathuluzi nemishini ukulawula inqubo yokubilisa ukuze kutholakale futhi kusetshenziswe ngokushesha amandla okushisa e-biomass kanye nomanyolo wegesi we-CO2, phakathi kwawo umoya kanye nomswakama kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokulawula ukushisa kokubilisa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-biomass. Ngaphansi kwezimo zomoya, ama-microorganisms e-aerobic endukwini yokubilisa asebenzisa i-oxygen emisebenzini yokuphila, kanti ingxenye yamandla akhiqizwayo isetshenziselwa imisebenzi yawo yokuphila, kanti ingxenye yamandla ikhishwa emvelweni njengamandla okushisa, okuzuzisa ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa lemvelo. Amanzi ahlanganyela enkambisweni yonke yokubilisa, ehlinzeka ngezakhamzimba ezidingekayo ezincibilikayo emisebenzini yama-microbial, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ekhulula ukushisa kwendukwini ngesimo somusi emanzini, ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lendukwini, kwandiswe impilo yama-microorganisms futhi kwandiswe izinga lokushisa elikhulu lendukwini. Ukufaka idivayisi yokudonsa utshani ethangini lokubilisa kungandisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngo-3 ~ 5℃ ebusika, kuqinise i-photosynthesis yezitshalo futhi kwandiswe isivuno sikatamatisi ngo-29.6%.

Amandla okushisa komhlaba

IShayina icebile ngezinsizakusebenza ze-geothermal. Njengamanje, indlela evame kakhulu yokusebenzisa izikhungo zezolimo amandla e-geothermal ukusebenzisa ipompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlabathi, engadluliselwa kusuka kumandla okushisa aphansi iye kumandla okushisa asezingeni eliphezulu ngokufaka inani elincane lamandla aphezulu (njengamandla kagesi). Ngokungafani nezindlela zokushisa zendabuko ze-greenhouse, ukushisa kwepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlabathi akugcini nje ngokufeza umphumela wokushisa obalulekile, kodwa futhi kunekhono lokupholisa i-greenhouse nokunciphisa umswakama ku-greenhouse. Ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlabathi emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwezindlu seluvuthiwe. Ingxenye eyinhloko ethinta amandla okushisa nokupholisa epompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlabathi yimodyuli yokushintshana kokushisa engaphansi komhlaba, ehlanganisa kakhulu amapayipi angcwatshwe, imithombo engaphansi komhlaba, njll. Indlela yokuklama uhlelo lokushintshana kokushisa olungaphansi komhlaba olunezindleko nomphumela olinganiselayo bekulokhu kugxilwe ocwaningweni lwale ngxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ushintsho lokushisa lwengqimba yomhlabathi engaphansi komhlaba ekusetshenzisweni kwepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlabathi luthinta nomphumela wokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yepompo yokushisa. Ukusebenzisa ipompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlabathi ukupholisa i-greenhouse ehlobo nokugcina amandla okushisa engqimbeni ejulile yomhlabathi kunganciphisa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwengqimba yomhlabathi engaphansi komhlabathi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ukushisa kwepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlabathi ebusika.

Njengamanje, ocwaningweni lokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlaba, ngokusebenzisa idatha yangempela yokuhlola, imodeli yezinombolo isungulwa ngesofthiwe efana ne-TOUGH2 kanye ne-TRNSYS, futhi kuphethwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kokushisa kanye ne-coefficient of performance (COP) yepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlaba kungafinyelela ku-3.0 ~ 4.5, okunomphumela omuhle wokupholisa nokushisa. Ocwaningweni lwesu lokusebenza lwesistimu yepompo yokushisa, uFu Yunzhun nabanye bathole ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokugeleza kohlangothi lomthwalo, ukugeleza kohlangothi lomthombo womhlaba kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kweyunithi kanye nokusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa kwepayipi eligqitshiwe. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusetha ukugeleza, inani eliphezulu le-COP leyunithi lingafinyelela ku-4.17 ngokwamukela uhlelo lokusebenza lokusebenza amahora ama-2 nokuma amahora ama-2; uShi Huixian et. bamukele imodi yokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile yesistimu yokupholisa yokugcina amanzi. Ehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, i-COP yesistimu yonke yokuphakelwa kwamandla ingafinyelela ku-3.80.

Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina ukushisa kwenhlabathi ejulile endlini eluhlaza okotshani

Ukugcina ukushisa okujulile emhlabathini oluhlaza okotshani kubizwa nangokuthi “ibhange lokugcina ukushisa” endlini eluhlaza okotshani. Umonakalo obandayo ebusika kanye nokushisa okuphezulu ehlobo yizithiyo eziyinhloko ekukhiqizweni kwendlu eluhlaza okotshani. Ngokusekelwe kumandla okugcina ukushisa aqinile enhlabathini ejulile, iqembu locwaningo laklama idivayisi yokugcina ukushisa okujulile ngaphansi komhlaba oluhlaza okotshani. Le divayisi iyipayipi lokudlulisa ukushisa elihambisanayo elinezingqimba ezimbili elimbozwe ekujuleni okungu-1.5 ~ 2.5m ngaphansi komhlaba oluhlaza okotshani, elinokungena komoya phezulu kwendlu eluhlaza okotshani kanye nendawo yokukhipha umoya phansi. Lapho izinga lokushisa kundlu eluhlaza okotshani liphezulu, umoya wangaphakathi uphonswa ngenkani emhlabathini ngumuntu othanda ukugcina ukushisa kanye nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lendlu eluhlaza okotshani liphansi, ukushisa kukhishwa enhlabathini ukuze kufudumale indlu eluhlaza okotshani. Imiphumela yokukhiqiza kanye neyokusetshenziswa ikhombisa ukuthi le divayisi ingakhuphula izinga lokushisa lendlu eluhlaza okotshani ngo-2.3℃ ebusuku basebusika, yehlise izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngo-2.6℃ emini yasehlobo, futhi inyuse isivuno sikatamatisi ngo-1500kg ku-667 m². Le divayisi isebenzisa ngokugcwele izici "zokufudumala ebusika kanye nokuphola ehlobo" kanye "nezinga lokushisa elihlala njalo" lenhlabathi ejulile engaphansi komhlaba, inikeza "ibhange lokufinyelela amandla" lendlu yokugcina izitshalo, futhi iqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yokusiza yokupholisa nokushisa indlu yokugcina izitshalo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla amaningi

Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zamandla ukushisa i-greenhouse kungalungisa ngempumelelo izinkinga zohlobo olulodwa lwamandla, futhi kunikeze umphumela we-superposition wokuthi "okunye kanye nokukodwa kukhulu kunezimbili". Ukubambisana okuhambisanayo phakathi kwamandla okushisa komhlaba kanye namandla elanga kuyindawo yokucwaninga yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo eminyakeni yamuva nje. U-Emmi et. bafunde uhlelo lwamandla olunemithombo eminingi (Isithombe 1), oluhlonyiswe nge-photovoltaic-thermal hybrid solar collector. Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo oluvamile lwepompo yokushisa yamanzi nomoya, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kohlelo lwamandla olunemithombo eminingi kuthuthukiswa ngo-16% ~ 25%. UZheng et. bathuthukise uhlobo olusha lwesistimu yokugcina ukushisa ehlanganisiwe yamandla elanga kanye nepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlaba. Uhlelo lwe-solar collector lungafeza isitoreji sokushisa sekhwalithi ephezulu, okungukuthi, ukushisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ebusika kanye nokupholisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ehlobo. I-exchanger yokushisa yeshubhu elifihliwe kanye nethangi lokugcina ukushisa ngezikhathi ezithile konke kungasebenza kahle ohlelweni, futhi inani le-COP lohlelo lingafinyelela ku-6.96.

Uma ihlanganiswe namandla elanga, ihlose ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ebhizinisi nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla elanga endaweni yokugcina ukushisa. UWan Ya et. babeke phambili uhlelo olusha lobuchwepheshe bokulawula oluhlakaniphile lokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga namandla ebhizinisi okushisa ukushisa ukushisa, okungasebenzisa amandla e-photovoltaic lapho kunokukhanya, futhi kuguqulwe kube amandla ebhizinisi lapho kungekho ukukhanya, kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushoda kwamandla omthwalo, nokunciphisa izindleko ezingabizi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amabhethri.

Amandla elanga, amandla e-biomass kanye namandla kagesi kungafudumeza ndawonye izindawo zokugcina izithombo, okungaphinde kufinyelele ekusebenzeni kahle kokushisa okuphezulu. UZhang Liangrui nabanye bahlanganise ukuqoqwa kokushisa kwe-solar vacuum tube nethangi lamanzi okugcina ukushisa likagesi wesigodi. Uhlelo lokushisa lwe-greenhouse lunenduduzo enhle yokushisa, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okumaphakathi kohlelo kungu-68.70%. Ithangi lamanzi okugcina ukushisa likagesi liyidivayisi yokugcina amanzi okushisa e-biomass enokushisa kukagesi. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lokungena kwamanzi ekugcineni kokushisa liyabekwa, futhi isu lokusebenza kohlelo linqunywa ngokuya ngokushisa kokugcina amanzi kwengxenye yokuqoqwa kokushisa kwelanga kanye nengxenye yokugcina ukushisa kwe-biomass, ukuze kufinyelelwe izinga lokushisa lokushisa elizinzile ekugcineni kokushisa futhi kongiwe amandla kagesi kanye nezinto zamandla e-biomass ngezinga eliphezulu.

Ucwaningo Olusha kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezintsha Zokugcina Izitshalo Ezintsha

Njengoba indawo ye-greenhouse ikhula, izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezinto zendabuko ze-greenhouse njengezitini nomhlabathi ziya ngokuya zibonakala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokushisa kwe-greenhouse futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-greenhouse yesimanje, kunezifundo eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokumboza ezibonakalayo, izinto zokuvimbela ukushisa kanye nezinto zodonga.

Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokumboza ezibonakalayo

Izinhlobo zezinto zokumboza ezibonakalayo ze-greenhouse zifaka kakhulu ifilimu yepulasitiki, ingilazi, iphaneli yelanga kanye nephaneli ye-photovoltaic, phakathi kwazo ifilimu yepulasitiki enendawo enkulu yokusetshenziswa. Ifilimu yendabuko ye-greenhouse PE inezinkinga zokuphila isikhathi esifushane, ukungaboli kanye nomsebenzi owodwa. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafilimu amasha asebenzayo athuthukiswe ngokungeza ama-reagents noma ama-coating asebenzayo.

Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya:Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya ishintsha izakhiwo zokukhanya zefilimu ngokusebenzisa ama-ejenti okuguqula ukukhanya njengezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba kanye nezinto ze-nano, futhi ingaguqula indawo yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ibe ukukhanya okubomvu oku-orenji kanye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okudingeka yi-photosynthesis yezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isivuno sezitshalo futhi kuncishiswe umonakalo wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ezitshalweni kanye namafilimu okugcina ukushisa ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo zepulasitiki. Isibonelo, ifilimu yokuguqula ukushisa ebanzi-ibhendi elibomvu elinombala onsomi one-ejenti yokuguqula ukukhanya ye-VTR-660 ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwe-infrared uma isetshenziswa endaweni yokugcina izitshalo, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse elawulayo, isivuno sikatamatisi ngehektha ngalinye, i-vitamin C kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-lycopene kukhushulwe kakhulu ngo-25.71%, 11.11% kanye no-33.04% ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, impilo yesevisi, ukubola kanye nezindleko zefilimu entsha yokuguqula ukukhanya kusadingeka kufundwe.

Ingilazi ehlakazekile: Ingilazi esakazekile ku-greenhouse iyiphethini ekhethekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulwa nokukhanya ebusweni bengilazi, engakhulisa ukukhanya kwelanga kube ukukhanya okuhlakazekile futhi ingene ku-greenhouse, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis yezitshalo futhi yandise isivuno sesivuno. Ingilazi esakazekile iguqula ukukhanya okungena ku-greenhouse kube ukukhanya okuhlakazekile ngamaphethini akhethekile, futhi ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kungashiswa ngokulinganayo ku-greenhouse, kususe ithonya lesithunzi samathambo ku-greenhouse. Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi evamile yokuntanta kanye nengilazi yokuntanta emhlophe kakhulu, izinga lokudlulisa ukukhanya kwengilazi yokuntanta lingu-91.5%, kanti elengilazi evamile yokuntanta lingu-88%. Ngokwanda ngakunye okungu-1% kokudlulisa ukukhanya ngaphakathi ku-greenhouse, isivuno singandiswa cishe ngo-3%, kanti ushukela oncibilikayo kanye ne-vithamini C ezithelweni nasemifino kuye kwanda. Ingilazi esakazekile ku-greenhouse iyambozwa kuqala bese iqiniswa, futhi izinga lokuqhuma liphakeme kunezinga likazwelonke, lifinyelela ku-2‰.

Ucwaningo Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezintsha Zokuvimbela Ukushisa

Izinto zokuvala ukushisa zendabuko ezindlini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zifaka kakhulu utshani, indwangu yephepha, indwangu yokuvala ukushisa ene-needled felt, njll., ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvaleleni ukushisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kophahla, ukuvala udonga kanye nokuvala ukushisa kwamanye amadivayisi okugcina ukushisa kanye nokuqoqa ukushisa. Iningi lawo linephutha lokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kokuvala ukushisa ngenxa yomswakama wangaphakathi ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa izinto zokuvala ukushisa eziphezulu, phakathi kwazo okugxilwe kuzo ocwaningweni yindwangu entsha yokuvala ukushisa, indwangu yokuvala ukushisa kanye namadivayisi okuqoqa ukushisa.

Izinto ezintsha zokuvala ukushisa zivame ukwenziwa ngokucubungula nokuhlanganisa izinto ezingangeni manzi nezigugayo njengefilimu elukiwe kanye nefelt embozwe ngezinto zokuvala ukushisa ezithambile ezifana nekotini efakwe isifutho, i-cashmere ehlukahlukene kanye nekotini yamaparele. I-quilt efakwe isifutho yekotoni efakwe isifutho yefilimu elukiwe yahlolwa eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina. Kwatholakala ukuthi ukwengeza ikotoni efakwe isifutho engu-500g kwakulingana nokusebenza kokuvala ukushisa kwe-quilt efakwe isifutho ye-felt emnyama engu-4500g emakethe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ukusebenza kokuvala ukushisa kwekotoni efakwe isifutho engu-700g kwathuthukiswa ngo-1~2℃ uma kuqhathaniswa nokwe-quilt efakwe isifutho yekotoni efakwe isifutho engu-500g. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izifundo zathola nokuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-quilt e-thermal insulation asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe, umphumela wokuvala ukushisa wekotoni efakwe isifutho kanye nama-quilt e-thermal insulation ahlukahlukene e-cashmere ungcono, ngamazinga okuvala ukushisa angu-84.0% kanye no-83.3% ngokulandelana. Uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle elibanda kakhulu lingu-24.4℃, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lingafinyelela ku-5.4 kanye no-4.2℃ ngokulandelana. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-single straw blanket insulation quilt, i-composite insulation quilt entsha inezinzuzo zesisindo esilula, izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela, ukumelana okuqinile kokungangeni manzi kanye nokuguga, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengohlobo olusha lwezinto zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zezindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kocwaningo lwezinto zokuvikela ukushisa zamadivayisi okuqoqa nokugcina ukushisa okushisa, kutholakale nokuthi uma ubukhulu bufana, izinto zokuvikela ukushisa ezihlanganisiwe ezinezingqimba eziningi zisebenza kahle ekuvikeleni ukushisa kunezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ithimba likaProfesa Li Jianming elivela eNorthwest A&F University liklame futhi lahlola izinhlobo ezingu-22 zezinto zokuvikela ukushisa zamadivayisi okugcina amanzi okushisa, njengebhodi le-vacuum, i-aerogel kanye nekotini yerabha, futhi lalinganisa izakhiwo zazo zokushisa. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-coating ye-insulation ye-thermal engu-80mm+i-aerogel+i-rubber-plastic thermal insulation cotton composite insulation material inganciphisa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa ngo-0.367MJ ngesikhathi ngasinye uma kuqhathaniswa nekotini yerabha-plastiki engu-80mm, futhi i-coefficient yayo yokudlulisa ukushisa yayingu-0.283W/(m2·k) lapho ubukhulu benhlanganisela yokuvikela ukushisa bungu-100mm.

Izinto zokushintsha isigaba zingenye yezindawo ezishisayo ocwaningweni lwezinto zokushisa ukushisa. INorthwest A&F University ithuthukise izinhlobo ezimbili zamadivayisi okugcina izinto zokushintsha isigaba: eyodwa ibhokisi lokugcina elenziwe nge-polyethylene emnyama, enobukhulu obungu-50cm×30cm×14cm (ubude×ukuphakama×ukujiya) futhi ligcwele izinto zokushintsha isigaba, ukuze likwazi ukugcina ukushisa nokukhulula ukushisa; Okwesibili, kwakhiwa uhlobo olusha lwebhodi lodonga lokushintsha isigaba. Ibhodi lodonga lokushintsha isigaba liqukethe izinto zokushintsha isigaba, ipuleti le-aluminium, ipuleti le-aluminium-plastic kanye ne-aluminium alloy. Izinto zokushintsha isigaba zitholakala endaweni ephakathi kakhulu yebhodi lodonga, futhi incazelo yalo ingu-200mm×200mm×50mm. Kuyisiqina esiwumpuphu ngaphambi nangemva kokushintsha isigaba, futhi akukho mkhuba wokuncibilika noma ukugeleza. Izindonga ezine zezinto zokushintsha isigaba yipuleti le-aluminium kanye nepuleti le-aluminium-plastic, ngokulandelana. Le divayisi ingafeza imisebenzi yokugcina ukushisa emini kanye nokukhulula ukushisa ebusuku.

Ngakho-ke, kunezinkinga ezithile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zokuvala ukushisa ezihlanganisiwe, njengokusebenza kahle kokuvala ukushisa okuphansi, ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulu, isikhathi esifushane sokugcina ukushisa, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa izinto zokuvala ukushisa ezihlanganisiwe njengesendlalelo sokuvala ukushisa kanye nesendlalelo sokuvala ukushisa esingaphakathi nangaphandle sedivayisi yokugcina ukushisa kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kokuvala ukushisa kwendlu yokugcina ukushisa, kunciphise ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwendlu yokugcina ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe umphumela wokonga amandla.

Ucwaningo Nokusetshenziswa Kodonga Olusha

Njengohlobo lwesakhiwo esivalekile, udonga luyisivikelo esibalulekile sokuvikela ukubanda kwendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nokulondolozwa kokushisa. Ngokwezinto zokwakha zodonga kanye nezakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa kodonga olusenyakatho lwendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: udonga olunezingqimba eyodwa olwenziwe ngomhlabathi, izitini, njll., kanye nodonga olusenyakatho olunezingqimba ezenziwe ngezitini zobumba, izitini zamabhulokhi, amabhodi e-polystyrene, njll., olunendawo yokugcina ukushisa yangaphakathi kanye nokushisa kwangaphandle, futhi iningi lalezi zindonga lidla isikhathi futhi lidinga umsebenzi omningi; Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zezindonga, okulula ukuzakha futhi ezifanele ukuhlanganiswa ngokushesha.

Ukuvela kwezindonga ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezihlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi izindonga ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe ezinezindwangu zangaphandle ezingangeni manzi nezilwa nokuguga kanye nezinto ezifana ne-felt, i-pearl cotton, i-space cotton, i-glass cotton noma i-recycled cotton njengezingqimba zokuvimbela ukushisa, njengezindonga ezihlanganisiwe eziguquguqukayo ze-spray-bond cotton e-Xinjiang. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo zibike nodonga olusenyakatho lwe-greenhouse ehlanganisiwe enengqimba yokugcina ukushisa, njenge-brick-brick wheat shell mortar block e-Xinjiang. Ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo yangaphandle, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu langaphandle lingu-20.8℃, izinga lokushisa kwi-solar greenhouse ene-wheat shell mortar block liyi-7.5℃, kanti izinga lokushisa kwi-solar greenhouse ene-brick-concrete wall liyi-3.2℃. Isikhathi sokuvuna sikatamatisi kwi-brick greenhouse singathuthukiswa ngezinsuku eziyi-16, futhi isivuno se-greenhouse eyodwa singakhushulwa ngo-18.4%.

Ithimba lesikhungo saseNorthwest A&F University laveza umbono wokuklama wokwenza utshani, inhlabathi, amanzi, itshe kanye nezinto zokushintsha isigaba zibe amamojula okushisa kanye nokugcina ukushisa kusukela ekhoneni lokukhanya kanye nomklamo wodonga olula, okwakhuthaza ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kodonga oluhlanganisiwe oluhlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse evamile yodonga lwezitini, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ku-greenhouse liphakeme ngo-4.0℃ ngosuku olujwayelekile olunelanga. Izinhlobo ezintathu zamamojula esimende sokushintsha isigaba esingadalwanga, enziwe ngezinto zokushintsha isigaba (PCM) kanye nesamente, aqongelele ukushisa okungu-74.5, 88.0 kanye no-95.1 MJ/m³, futhi kwakhishwa ukushisa okungu-59.8, 67.8 kanye no-84.2 MJ/m³, ngokulandelana. Zinemisebenzi “yokusika okuphezulu” emini, “ukugcwalisa isigodi” ebusuku, ukumunca ukushisa ehlobo nokukhulula ukushisa ebusika.

Lezi zindonga ezintsha zihlanganiswa endaweni, isikhathi esifushane sokwakha kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo, okudala izimo zokwakhiwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo ezikhanyayo, ezilula nezihlanganiswe ngokushesha, futhi zingakhuthaza kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezindlu zokugcina izithombo. Kodwa-ke, kuneziphambeko ezithile kulolu hlobo lodonga, njengodonga lwendwangu yokushisa olufakwe i-spray-bonded cotton olune-thermal insulation lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukushisa, kodwa alunawo amandla okugcina ukushisa, futhi izinto zokwakha zokushintsha kwesigaba zinenkinga yezindleko eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa. Esikhathini esizayo, ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kodonga oluhlanganisiwe kufanele luqiniswe.

Amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nemiklamo emisha kusiza ukushintsha kwesakhiwo sendlu yokugcina izithombo.

Ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zamandla nezinto ezintsha kunikeza isisekelo sokuqamba okusha kwe-greenhouse. I-greenhouse yelanga esonga amandla kanye ne-arch shed yizakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-shed ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo eShayina, futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka komnotho wezenhlalo waseShayina, ukushiyeka kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezakhiwo zezakhiwo kuvezwa kakhulu. Okokuqala, isikhala sezakhiwo zezakhiwo sincane futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini liphansi; Okwesibili, i-greenhouse yelanga esonga amandla inokushisa okuhle, kodwa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kuphansi, okulingana nokufaka esikhundleni samandla e-greenhouse ngomhlaba. I-arch shed evamile ayinasikhala esincane nje kuphela, kodwa futhi inokushisa okubi. Nakuba i-greenhouse enezikhawu eziningi inendawo enkulu, inokushisa okubi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-greenhouse esifanele izinga lamanje lezenhlalo nezomnotho laseShayina, futhi ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha kuzosiza isakhiwo se-greenhouse sishintshe futhi sikhiqize izinhlobo ezahlukene zamamodeli noma izakhiwo ze-greenhouse ezintsha.

Ucwaningo Olusha Ngendlu Yokuphekela Elawulwa Ngamanzi Enkulu Engalingani

Indlu yokufuya elawulwa ngamanzi elawulwa ngamanzi (inombolo yelungelo lobunikazi: ZL 201220391214.2) isekelwe esimisweni sendlu yokufuya ekhanyiswe ilanga, ishintsha isakhiwo esilinganayo sendlu yokufuya epulasitiki evamile, yandisa ububanzi baseningizimu, yandisa indawo yokukhanyisa yophahla oluseningizimu, yanciphisa ububanzi basenyakatho futhi yanciphisa indawo yokushabalalisa ukushisa, enobubanzi obungu-18 ~ 24m kanye nokuphakama komugqa obungu-6 ~ 7m. Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha, isakhiwo sendawo sikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkinga zokushisa okunganele endlini yokufuya ebusika kanye nokushisa okungekuhle kwezinto zokushisa ezivamile zixazululwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushisa okwenziwa yi-biomass kanye nezinto zokushisa ezishisayo. Imiphumela yokukhiqiza kanye nocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi i-greenhouse yokukhiqiza ubhiya elawulwa ngamanzi amakhulu, enezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi elingu-11.7℃ ezinsukwini ezinelanga kanye no-10.8℃ ezinsukwini ezinamafu, ingahlangabezana nesidingo sokukhula kwezitshalo ebusika, futhi izindleko zokwakha i-greenhouse zincishiswe ngo-39.6% kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa komhlaba lenyuswa ngaphezu kuka-30% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse yodonga lwezitini lwe-polystyrene, efanelekile ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe e-Yellow Huaihe River Basin eShayina.

I-greenhouse ehlanganisiwe yelanga

Indlu yokugcina ilanga ehlanganisiwe ithatha amakholomu kanye nohlaka lophahla njengesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo, futhi izinto zalo zodonga ikakhulukazi ziyi-heat insulation ebiyelwe, esikhundleni sokuthwala kanye nokugcina nokukhulula ukushisa okungenamsebenzi. Ngokuyinhloko: (1) uhlobo olusha lodonga oluhlanganisiwe lwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezifana nefilimu eboshwe noma ipuleti lensimbi elinombala, ibhlogo lotshani, i-thermal insulation quilt eguquguqukayo, ibhlogo lodaka, njll. (2) ibhodi lodonga elihlanganisiwe elenziwe ngebhodi lesimende elenziwe kusengaphambili - ibhodi le-polystyrene - ibhodi lesimende; (3) Uhlobo olulula nolulula lokuhlanganisa izinto zokufaka ukushisa ezinesistimu yokugcina nokukhulula ukushisa esebenzayo kanye nohlelo lokususa umswakama, njengesitoreji sokushisa sebhakede lesikwele sepulasitiki kanye nesitoreji sokushisa sepayipi. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha zokufaka ukushisa ezintsha kanye nezinto zokugcina ukushisa esikhundleni sodonga lomhlaba lwendabuko ukwakha i-solar greenhouse kunesikhala esikhulu kanye nobunjiniyela obuncane bokwakha. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lendlu yokugcina ukushisa ebusuku ebusika liphakeme ngo-4.5℃ kunelendlu yokugcina ukushisa yendabuko yodonga lwezitini, kanti ubukhulu bodonga lwangemuva bungu-166mm. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse enodonga lwezitini engu-600mm ubukhulu, indawo esetshenziswa odongeni incishiswe ngo-72%, kanti izindleko ngemitha yesikwele zingama-yuan angu-334.5, okungaphansi ngama-yuan angu-157.2 kune-greenhouse enodonga lwezitini, futhi izindleko zokwakha zehle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-greenhouse ehlanganisiwe inezinzuzo zokubhujiswa komhlaba okungalinywanga kahle, ukonga umhlaba, isivinini sokwakha esisheshayo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo, futhi iyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-greenhouse yelanga okwamanje nasesikhathini esizayo.

I-greenhouse eshelelayo yokukhanya kwelanga

Indlu yokugcina ukushisa kwelanga eyonga amandla ehlanganiswe nge-skateboard eyakhiwe yi-Shenyang Agricultural University isebenzisa udonga lwangemuva lwendlu yokugcina ukushisa kwelanga ukwakha uhlelo lokugcina ukushisa odongeni olujikeleza amanzi ukugcina ukushisa nokuphakamisa izinga lokushisa, oluqukethe kakhulu ichibi lokubhukuda (32m).³), ipuleti lokuqoqa elincane (360m²), ipompo yamanzi, ipayipi lamanzi kanye nesilawuli. Indwangu yokushisa eguquguqukayo ithathelwa indawo yipuleti lensimbi elisha elinombala wetshe elikhanyayo phezulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lo mklamo uxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yama-gables avimba ukukhanya, futhi wandisa indawo yokungena kokukhanya kwendlu eluhlaza okotshani. I-engeli yokukhanyisa yendlu eluhlaza okotshani ingu-41.5°, ecishe ibe ngu-16° ephakeme kuneyendlu eluhlaza okotshani elawulayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izinga lokukhanyisa. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa langaphakathi kuyafana, futhi izitshalo zikhula kahle. Indlu eluhlaza okotshani inezinzuzo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komhlaba, ukuklama usayizi wendlu eluhlaza okotshani ngendlela eguquguqukayo kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izinsiza zomhlaba ezitshaliwe kanye nemvelo.

I-greenhouse ye-photovoltaic

I-greenhouse yezolimo iyi-greenhouse ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-solar photovoltaic, ukulawula izinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile kanye nokutshalwa kwesimanje kwezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Yamukela uhlaka lwethambo lensimbi futhi imbozwe ngamamojula e-solar photovoltaic ukuqinisekisa izidingo zokukhanyisa zamamojula okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic kanye nezidingo zokukhanyisa ze-greenhouse yonke. Ugesi oqondile okhiqizwa amandla elanga ugcwalisa ngqo ukukhanya kwezindawo zokugcina izitshalo zezolimo, usekela ngqo ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yokugcina izitshalo, uqhuba ukunisela kwemithombo yamanzi, ukhuphula izinga lokushisa le-greenhouse futhi ukhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo kwezitshalo. Amamojula e-photovoltaic ngale ndlela azothinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kophahla lwe-greenhouse, bese ethinta ukukhula okuvamile kwemifino ye-greenhouse. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlelwa okunengqondo kwamaphaneli e-photovoltaic ophahleni lwe-greenhouse kuba iphuzu elibalulekile lokusetshenziswa. I-greenhouse yezolimo ingumkhiqizo wenhlanganisela yemvelo yezolimo zokuvakasha kanye nokulima kwezakhiwo, futhi iyimboni yezolimo entsha ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukubuka izindawo zezolimo, izitshalo zezolimo, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, intuthuko yezwe kanye namasiko.

Umklamo omusha weqembu le-greenhouse ngokusebenzisana kwamandla phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-greenhouse

UGuo Wenzhong, umcwaningi e-Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, usebenzisa indlela yokushisa yokudlulisa amandla phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ukuze aqoqe amandla okushisa asele endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze afudumale enye noma ngaphezulu. Le ndlela yokushisa iholela ekudlulisweni kwamandla okushisa ngesikhathi nasesikhala, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamandla okushisa okushisa asele, futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa okuphelele. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezindawo zokugcina izithombo zingaba izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo zokugcina izithombo noma uhlobo olufanayo lwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zokutshala izitshalo ezahlukene, njengezindawo zokugcina izithombo ze-lettuce netamatisi. Izindlela zokuqoqa ukushisa zifaka phakathi ukukhipha ukushisa komoya wangaphakathi kanye nokuvimba ngqo imisebe yengozi. Ngokuqoqwa kwamandla elanga, ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngenkani yi-heat exchanger kanye nokukhishwa ngenkani ngepompo yokushisa, ukushisa okungaphezulu endaweni yokugcina izithombo enamandla aphezulu kwakhishwa ukuze kufudumale indawo yokugcina izithombo.

fingqa

Lezi zindawo zokugcina izithombo ezintsha zelanga zinezinzuzo zokuhlanganiswa okusheshayo, isikhathi sokwakha esifushane kanye nesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa komhlaba esithuthukisiwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola kabanzi ukusebenza kwalezi zindawo zokugcina izithombo ezintsha ezindaweni ezahlukene, futhi kuhlinzeke ngethuba lokwanda nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezintsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisa njalo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ukuze kuhlinzekwe amandla okuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezindawo zokugcina izithombo.

Ikusasa elilindelekile kanye nokucabanga

Izindawo zokugcina izithombo zendabuko zivame ukuba nezinkinga ezithile, njengokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa komhlaba, isikhathi esiningi kanye nomsebenzi, ukusebenza okubi, njll., okungasakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza zezolimo zanamuhla, futhi nakanjani kuzosuswa kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla emisha njengamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla okushisa komhlaba kanye namandla omoya, izinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula kanye nemiklamo emisha ukukhuthaza ushintsho lwesakhiwo sezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula. Okokuqala, indawo yokugcina izithombo entsha eqhutshwa amandla amasha nezinto ezintsha akufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza ngomshini kuphela, kodwa futhi yonge amandla, umhlaba kanye nezindleko. Okwesibili, kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo ukusebenza kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula ezintsha ezindaweni ezahlukene, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezimo zokuthandwa kakhulu kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula. Esikhathini esizayo, kufanele siqhubeke nokufuna amandla amasha nezinto ezintsha ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula, futhi sithole inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula, ukuze sikwazi ukwakha indawo yokugcina izithombo entsha ngezindleko eziphansi, isikhathi esifushane sokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, kusize isakhiwo sezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula sishintshe futhi kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemvula zesimanje eShayina.

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nemiklamo emisha ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse kuyinto engenakugwenywa, kusenezinkinga eziningi okufanele zifundwe futhi zinqotshwe: (1) Izindleko zokwakha ziyanda. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kwendabuko ngamalahle, igesi yemvelo noma uwoyela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha kunobungani nemvelo futhi akungcolisi, kodwa izindleko zokwakha zikhuphuka kakhulu, okunomthelela othile ekubuyiselweni kokutshalwa kwezimali kokukhiqiza nokusebenza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, izindleko zezinto ezintsha zizokhuphuka kakhulu. (2) Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa okungazinzile. Inzuzo enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okuphansi, kodwa ukunikezwa kwamandla nokushisa akuzinzile, futhi izinsuku ezinamafu ziba yisici esikhulu somkhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla elanga. Enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kokushisa kwe-biomass ngokubilisa, ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwala mandla kunqunyelwe yizinkinga zamandla okushisa aphansi okubilisa, ukuphathwa nokulawula okunzima, kanye nendawo enkulu yokugcina izinto zokusetshenziswa. (3) Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe. Lobu buchwepheshe obusetshenziswa amandla amasha nezinto ezintsha buyimpumelelo yocwaningo oluthuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe, futhi indawo yabo yokusebenza kanye nobubanzi kusencane kakhulu. Azizange zidlule izikhathi eziningi, amasayithi amaningi kanye nokuqinisekiswa okukhulu kokuzijwayeza, futhi ngokungenakugwenywa kukhona ukushiyeka okuthile kanye nokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe okudingeka kuthuthukiswe ekusetshenzisweni. Abasebenzisi bavame ukuphika intuthuko yobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokushiyeka okuncane. (4) Izinga lokungena kobuchwepheshe liphansi. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwempumelelo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kudinga ukuthandwa okuthile. Njengamanje, amandla amasha, ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bokuklama i-greenhouse konke kuseqenjini lezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi emanyuvesi anekhono elithile lokusungula izinto ezintsha, futhi iningi labafuna ubuchwepheshe noma abaklami abasazi; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthandwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kusalinganiselwe ngoba imishini eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe obusha inelungelo lobunikazi. (5) Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo se-greenhouse kudinga ukuqiniswa kakhulu. Ngoba amandla, izinto kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo se-greenhouse kungokwemikhakha emithathu ehlukene, amathalente anolwazi lokuklama i-greenhouse avame ukungabi nocwaningo ngamandla nezinto ezihlobene ne-greenhouse, futhi okuphambene nalokho; Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi abahlobene nocwaningo lwamandla nezinto zokwakha kudingeka baqinise uphenyo nokuqonda izidingo zangempela zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-greenhouse, futhi abaklami bezakhiwo kufanele futhi bafunde izinto ezintsha namandla amasha ukuze bakhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobudlelwano obuthathu, ukuze kufezwe umgomo wobuchwepheshe bocwaningo lwe-greenhouse olusebenzayo, izindleko zokwakha eziphansi kanye nomphumela omuhle wokusetshenziswa. Ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni ezingenhla, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uhulumeni, ohulumeni basekhaya kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi kufanele baqinise ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe, benze ucwaningo oluhlangene ngokujulile, baqinise ukusakazwa kwezimpumelelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, bathuthukise ukuthandwa kwezimpumelelo, futhi bafeze ngokushesha umgomo wamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha ukusiza intuthuko entsha yemboni ye-greenhouse.

Ulwazi olucashuniwe

ULi Jianming, uSun Guotao, uLi Haojie, uLi Rui, uHu Yixin. Amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo omusha kusiza uguquko olusha lwe-greenhouse [J]. Imifino, 2022,(10):1-8.