U-Li Jianming, u-Sun Guotao, njll.Ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bezolimo be-Greenhouse horticultural2022-11-21 17:42 Ishicilelwe e-Beijing

Eminyakeni yamuva, imboni ye-greenhouse iye yathuthukiswa ngamandla.Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-greenhouse akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nezinga lokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, kodwa futhi kuxazulula inkinga yokunikezwa kwezithelo nemifino ngesikhathi esingekho.Kodwa-ke, i-greenhouse nayo ihlangabezane nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.Izakhiwo zokuqala, izindlela zokushisa kanye namafomu esakhiwo ziye zakhiqiza ukumelana nemvelo kanye nentuthuko.Izinto ezintsha kanye nemiklamo emisha idingeka ngokushesha ukuze kushintshwe isakhiwo se-greenhouse, futhi imithombo emisha yamandla idingeka ngokushesha ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zokulondoloza amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nemali engenayo.

Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendikimba ethi "amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha, idizayini entsha yokusiza inguquko entsha ye-greenhouse", okubandakanya ucwaningo kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla we-geothermal neminye imithombo yamandla emisha ku-greenhouse, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa. wezinto ezintsha zokumboza, ukufakwa kwe-thermal, izindonga nezinye izinto zokusebenza, kanye nethemba lekusasa nokucabanga kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo omusha wokusiza ukuguqulwa kwe-greenhouse, ukuze kunikezwe ireferensi embonini.

Ukuthuthukisa ezolimo kuyisidingo sezepolitiki kanye nokukhetha okungenakugwenywa ukuze kusetshenziswe umoya wemiyalelo ebalulekile kanye nokuthatha izinqumo kukahulumeni omkhulu.Ngo-2020, indawo yonke yezolimo evikelekile e-China izoba izigidi ezingu-2.8 hm2, futhi inani lomkhiqizo lizodlula i-1 trillion yuan.Kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa amandla okukhiqiza abamba ukushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhanya kwe-greenhouse kanye nokusebenza kokushisa okushisayo ngokusebenzisa amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo omusha we-greenhouse.Kunezinto eziningi ezimbi ekukhiqizweni kwe-greenhouse yendabuko, njengamalahle, uwoyela uwoyela kanye neminye imithombo yamandla esetshenziselwa ukufudumeza nokushisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zendabuko, okuholela ekutheni kube nenani elikhulu legesi ye-oxide, engcolisa kakhulu imvelo, kuyilapho igesi yemvelo, amandla kagesi kanye eminye imithombo yamandla inyusa izindleko zokusebenza kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo.Izinto zendabuko zokugcina ukushisa kwezindonga ze-greenhouse ngokuvamile ziyibumba nezitini, ezidla kakhulu futhi zibangele umonakalo omkhulu ezinsizakalweni zomhlaba.Ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa komhlaba kwe-greenhouse yelanga enodonga lomhlaba kungama-40% ~ 50% kuphela, futhi indawo yokushisa evamile inomthamo ongemuhle wokugcina ukushisa, ngakho ayikwazi ukuphila ebusika ukukhiqiza imifino efudumele enyakatho yeChina.Ngakho-ke, umnyombo wokugqugquzela ukuguqulwa kwe-greenhouse, noma ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lusekuklanyweni kwe-greenhouse, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha namandla amasha.Lesi sihloko sizogxila ocwaningweni nasekusungulweni kwemithombo yamandla emisha ku-greenhouse, sifinyeze isimo socwaningo semithombo yamandla emisha njengamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla ashisayo, amandla omoya kanye nezinto ezintsha zokumboza obala, izinto zokufaka ezishisayo kanye nezinto zodonga i-greenhouse, ihlaziye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha kanye nezinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse entsha, futhi sibheke phambili indima yazo ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-greenhouse.

Ucwaningo kanye Nokuqanjwa kabusha kwe-New Energy Greenhouse

Amandla amasha aluhlaza anamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa kwezolimo ahlanganisa amandla elanga, amandla e-geothermal namandla e-biomass, noma ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemithombo yamandla emisha ehlukahlukene, ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla ngokufunda amaphuzu aqinile komunye nomunye.

amandla elanga/amandla

Ubuchwepheshe bamandla elanga buyindlela enekhabhoni ephansi, esebenza kahle futhi esimeme, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yezimboni zamasu ezisafufusa zaseShayina.Kuzoba yisinqumo esingenakugwenywa sokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo samandla saseShayina esikhathini esizayo.Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwamandla, i-greenhouse ngokwayo iyisakhiwo sesikhungo sokusebenzisa amandla elanga.Ngomphumela we-greenhouse, amandla elanga abuthelwa endlini, izinga lokushisa le-greenhouse liyaphakanyiswa, futhi ukushisa okudingekayo kokukhula kwezitshalo kunikezwa.Umthombo wamandla oyinhloko we-photosynthesis yezitshalo ezibamba ukushisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okuwukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile kwamandla elanga.

01 Ukukhiqiza amandla e-Photovoltaic ukukhiqiza ukushisa

I-Photovoltaic power generation ubuchwepheshe obuguqula ngokuqondile amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi ngokusekelwe kumphumela we-photovoltaic.Isici esiyinhloko salobu buchwepheshe yi-solar cell.Lapho amandla elanga ekhanya ohlwini lwamaphaneli elanga ngochungechunge noma ngokuhambisana, izingxenye ze-semiconductor ziguqula ngokuqondile amandla emisebe yelanga abe amandla kagesi.Ubuchwepheshe be-Photovoltaic bungaguqula ngokuqondile amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi, bugcine ugesi ngamabhethri, futhi bushise i-greenhouse ebusuku, kodwa izindleko zayo eziphezulu zivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okuqhubekayo.Iqembu locwaningo lakha idivayisi yokushisa ye-photovoltaic graphene, ehlanganisa amaphaneli e-photovoltaic aguquguqukayo, umshini wokulawula wonke-in-one, ibhethri yokugcina kanye nenduku yokushisa ye-graphene.Ngokusho kobude bomugqa wokutshala, induku yokushisa i-graphene ingcwatshwa ngaphansi kwesikhwama se-substrate.Emini, amaphaneli e-photovoltaic amunca imisebe yelanga ukuze akhiqize ugesi futhi awugcine ebhethrini lokugcina, bese ugesi ukhishwa ebusuku ukuze kusetshenziswe induku yokushisa i-graphene.Esilinganisweni sangempela, imodi yokulawula izinga lokushisa eqala ku-17℃ futhi ivale ku-19℃ iyamukelwa.Ukugijima ebusuku (20:00-08:00 ngosuku lwesibili) amahora angu-8, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa umugqa owodwa wezitshalo ngu-1.24 kW · h, futhi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lesikhwama se-substrate ebusuku ngu-19.2 ℃, okuyi-3.5 ~ 5.3℃ ephakeme kunaleyo yokulawula.Le ndlela yokushisa ehlangene ne-photovoltaic power generation ixazulula izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokungcola okuphezulu ekushiseni kwe-greenhouse ebusika.

02 ukuguqulwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-photothermal

Ukuguqulwa kwe-solar photothermal kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kweqoqo elikhethekile lokukhanya kwelanga elenziwe ngezinto zokuguqula i-photothermal ukuze kuqoqwe futhi kudonswe amandla elanga amaningi akhishelwe kuwo ngangokunokwenzeka futhi aguqulele amandla okushisa.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-solar photovoltaic, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-solar photothermal zandisa ukumuncwa kwebhendi eseduze ne-infrared, ngakho-ke inamandla aphezulu okusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwelanga, izindleko eziphansi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, futhi iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokusebenzisa amandla elanga.

Ubuchwepheshe obuvuthwe kakhulu bokuguqulwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-photothermal e-China ngumqoqi welanga, ingxenye ewumgogodla okuwumgogodla wepuleti elimunca ukushisa eline-coating yokumuncwa ekhethiwe, engaguqula amandla emisebe yelanga adlula epuleti lesembozo abe amandla okushisa futhi adlulisele. ukuya endaweni yokusebenza emunca ukushisa.Abaqoqi belanga bangahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngokuthi kukhona yini indawo yokuhlanza kumqoqi noma cha: abaqoqi belanga abaphansi kanye nabaqoqi belanga be-vacuum tube;ukugxilisa abaqoqi belanga kanye nabaqoqi belanga abangagxili ngokuya ngokuthi imisebe yelanga echwebeni lokukhanya kwelanga iyashintsha yini indlela;kanye nabaqoqi belanga eliwuketshezi nabaqoqi belanga lomoya ngokusho kohlobo lokudlulisa ukushisa okusebenzayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ku-greenhouse kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabaqoqi belanga.I-Ibn Zor University e-Morocco isungule uhlelo olusebenzayo lokushisisa amandla elanga (ASHS) lokufudumala kwe-greenhouse, okungakhuphula inani lokukhiqizwa kukatamatisi ngo-55% ebusika.I-China Agricultural University iklame futhi yathuthukisa isethi yesistimu yokuqoqa nokukhipha ukushisa okupholile, enamandla okuqoqa ukushisa okungu-390.6&693.0 MJ, futhi yabeka phambili umbono wokuhlukanisa inqubo yokuqoqwa kokushisa nenqubo yokugcina ukushisa ngephampu yokushisa.INyuvesi yaseBari e-Italy isungule uhlelo lokushisisa i-greenhouse polygeneration, oluhlanganisa uhlelo lwamandla elanga kanye nephampu yokushisa komoya-manzi, futhi ingakhuphula izinga lokushisa lomoya ngo-3.6% kanye nezinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ngo-92%.Iqembu locwaningo lenze uhlobo lwemishini yokuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga esebenzayo ene-engeli eguquguqukayo ye-solar greenhouse, kanye nedivaysi esekelayo yokugcina ukushisa komzimba wamanzi abamba ukushisa kulo lonke isimo sezulu.Ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga obunokuthambekela okuguquguqukayo bunqamula imikhawulo yemishini yendabuko yokuqoqa ukushisa kwe-greenhouse, njengomthamo olinganiselwe wokuqoqwa kokushisa, ukufiphaza kanye nokuhlala endaweni etshaliwe.Ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo esikhethekile se-greenhouse ye-solar greenhouse, indawo engatshali ye-greenhouse isetshenziswa ngokugcwele, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwendawo yokushisa.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kwelanga, isistimu esebenzayo yokuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga enokuthambekela okuguquguqukayo ifinyelela ku-1.9 MJ/(m2h), ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kufinyelela ku-85.1% futhi izinga lokonga amandla lingu-77%.Kutheknoloji yokugcinwa kokushisa kwe-greenhouse, i-multi-phase change shift storage structure is set, amandla okugcina ukushisa kwedivayisi yokugcina ukushisa ayanda, futhi ukukhishwa kancane kokushisa okuvela kudivayisi kuyabonakala, ukuze kubonakale ukusetshenziswa kahle ukushisa okuqoqwe yimishini yokuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga ebamba ukushisa kwelanga.

biomass energy

Isakhiwo esisha sakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa idivayisi ekhiqiza ukushisa kwe-biomass kanye ne-greenhouse, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-biomass ezifana nomquba wezingulube, izinsalela zamakhowe notshani zifakwa umquba ukuze kuphekwe ukushisa, futhi amandla okushisa akhiqiziwe anikezwa ngokuqondile endaweni ebamba ukushisa [ 5].Uma kuqhathaniswa abamba ukushisa ngaphandle biomass ukuvutshelwa bafudumale ithangi, Ukushisa abamba ukushisa kungaba ngempumelelo ukwandisa izinga lokushisa emhlabathini ku abamba ukushisa nokugcina izinga lokushisa efanele izimpande izitshalo kutshalwa emhlabathini esimweni sezulu esivamile ebusika.Ukuthatha ungqimba olulodwa lwe-asymmetric thermal insulation greenhouse ene-span engu-17m nobude obungama-30m njengesibonelo, kwengeza u-8m wemfucuza yezolimo (utshani bukatamatisi obuxutshwe nomanyolo wengulube) ethangini lokuvubela elingaphakathi ukuze livutshelwe ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokuphendula inqwaba yekani. ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke le-greenhouse ngo-4.2 ℃ ebusika, futhi izinga lokushisa elincane elivamile lansuku zonke lingafinyelela ku-4.6 ℃.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokuvutshelwa okulawulwa yi-biomass kuyindlela yokuvutshelwa esebenzisa amathuluzi nemishini ukulawula inqubo yokuvutshelwa ukuze kutholwe futhi kusetshenziswe kahle amandla okushisa e-biomass kanye nomanyolo wegesi we-CO2, phakathi kwawo ukuvutshelwa nokuswakama okuyizici ezibalulekile zokulawula ukushisa kokuvutshelwa. kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-biomass.Ngaphansi kwezimo zokungenisa umoya, ama-microorganisms e-aerobic enqwabeni yokuvutshelwa asebenzisa umoya-mpilo wokuphila, futhi ingxenye yamandla akhiqizwayo asetshenziselwa imisebenzi yawo yokuphila, futhi ingxenye yamandla ikhishelwa endaweni ezungezile njengamandla okushisa, azuzisa izinga lokushisa. ukuphakama kwemvelo.Amanzi abamba iqhaza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuvutshelwa, anikeze imisoco encibilikayo edingekayo emisebenzini yamagciwane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ekhulula ukushisa kwenqwaba ngendlela yesitimu emanzini, ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lenqwaba, andise ukuphila kwenqwaba. ama-microorganisms futhi andise izinga lokushisa lenqwaba yenqwaba.Ukufaka isisetshenziswa sokucwilisa utshani ethangini lokuvutshelwa kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa lasendlini ngo-3 ~ 5℃ ebusika, kuqinise i-photosynthesis yezitshalo futhi kwenyuse isivuno sikatamatisi ngo-29.6%.

Amandla e-Geothermal

I-China inothile ngemithombo ye-geothermal.Njengamanje, indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokuba izindawo zezolimo zisebenzise amandla e-geothermal ukusebenzisa ipompo yokushisa yomthombo ophansi, engadlulisa isuka kumandla okushisa asezingeni eliphansi iye kumandla okushisa ezinga eliphezulu ngokufaka inani elincane lamandla ezinga eliphezulu (njengamandla amandla kagesi).Ngokungafani nezinyathelo zendabuko zokushisa ukushisa okushisa, ukushisa komthombo wokushisa komhlabathi akukwazi nje ukufeza umphumela obalulekile wokushisa, kodwa futhi ube nekhono lokupholisa i-greenhouse nokunciphisa umswakama ku-greenhouse.Ucwaningo lwesicelo sephampu yokushisa yomthombo ophansi emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwezindlu seluvuthiwe.Ingxenye eyinhloko ethinta amandla okushisa nokupholisa wephampu yokushisa yomthombo waphansi iyimojula yokushintshanisa ukushisa engaphansi komhlaba, ehlanganisa ikakhulukazi amapayipi agqitshiwe, imithombo engaphansi komhlaba, njll. Indlela yokuklama isistimu yokushintshanisa ukushisa engaphansi komhlaba enezindleko ezilinganiselwe kanye nomphumela ubelokhu njalo. bekuyingqikithi yocwaningo yale ngxenye.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwengqimba yenhlabathi engaphansi komhlaba ekusetshenzisweni kwepompo yokushisa yomthombo ophansi nakho kuthinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yepompo yokushisa.Ukusebenzisa iphampu yokushisa yomthombo ophansi ukuze kuphole indlu ebamba ukushisa ehlobo futhi kugcinwe amandla okushisa endaweni ejulile yenhlabathi kunganciphisa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kongqimba lomhlabathi ongaphansi komhlaba futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ukushisa kwephampu yokushisa yomthombo ophansi ebusika.

Njengamanje, ocwaningweni lokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwephampu yomthombo wokushisa womthombo ophansi, ngedatha yangempela yokuhlola, imodeli yezinombolo iyasungulwa ngesofthiwe efana ne-TOUGH2 ne-TRNSYS, futhi kuphetha ngokuthi ukusebenza kokushisisa kanye ne-coefficient of performance (COP ) yephampu yokushisa yomthombo ophansi ingafinyelela ku-3.0 ~ 4.5, enomphumela omuhle wokupholisa nokushisa.Ocwaningweni lwesu lokusebenza lwesistimu yephampu yokushisa, u-Fu Yunzhun nabanye bathola ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokugeleza kohlangothi lomthwalo, ukugeleza kohlangothi lomthombo ophansi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kweyunithi kanye nokusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa kwepayipi elingcwatshiwe. .Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusetha ukugeleza, inani eliphakeme le-COP leyunithi lingafinyelela ku-4.17 ngokwamukela uhlelo lokusebenza lokusebenza amahora angu-2 nokuma amahora angu-2;Shi Huixian et.yamukele indlela yokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile yesistimu yokupholisa yokugcina amanzi.Ehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, i-COP yalo lonke uhlelo lokuphakela amandla ingafinyelela ku-3.80.

Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina ukushisa kwenhlabathi ejulile ku-greenhouse

Ukugcinwa kokushisa kwenhlabathi okujulile ku-greenhouse kubizwa nangokuthi "ibhange lokugcina ukushisa" ku-greenhouse.Ukulimala okubandayo ebusika kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ehlobo yizithiyo eziyinhloko ekukhiqizeni i-greenhouse.Ngokusekelwe kumthamo oqinile wokugcina ukushisa kwenhlabathi ejulile, iqembu locwaningo laklama idivayisi yokugcina ukushisa engaphansi komhlaba ejulile.Idivayisi iyipayipi elidlulisa ukushisa elihambisanayo elinezendlalelo ezimbili eligqitshwe ekujuleni okungu-1.5–2.5m ngaphansi komhlaba endaweni ebamba ukushisa, elinendawo yokungenisa umoya phezulu kwendawo ebamba ukushisa kanye nendawo yokukhipha umoya phansi.Lapho izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse liphezulu, umoya wasendlini uphonswa phansi ngendluzula yisiphephetha-moya ukuze ubone ukugcinwa kokushisa nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa.Lapho izinga lokushisa le-greenhouse liphansi, ukushisa kukhishwa emhlabathini ukuze kufudumale i-greenhouse.Imiphumela yokukhiqiza kanye nesicelo ikhombisa ukuthi idivayisi ingakhuphula izinga lokushisa lokushisa ngo-2.3℃ ebusuku basebusika, inciphise izinga lokushisa lasendlini ngo-2.6℃ osukwini lwasehlobo, futhi yenyuse isivuno sikatamatisi ngo-1500kg ku-667 m.².Idivayisi isebenzisa ngokugcwele izici "zokufudumala ebusika futhi zipholile ehlobo" kanye "nokushisa okungapheli" kwenhlabathi ejulile engaphansi komhlaba, inikeza "ibhange lokufinyelela amandla" le-greenhouse, futhi ngokuqhubekayo iqedela imisebenzi eyisizayo yokupholisa nokushisa kwe-greenhouse. .

Ukuxhumanisa amandla amaningi

Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zamandla ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukushisisa i-greenhouse kungenza ngempumelelo ukungalungi kohlobo olulodwa lwamandla, futhi kunikeze umdlalo kumphumela we-superposition othi "okukodwa nokukodwa kukhulu kunokubili".Ukubambisana okuhambisanayo phakathi kwamandla e-geothermal namandla elanga kuyindawo yocwaningo yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo eminyakeni yakamuva.Emmi et.wafunda isistimu yamandla emithombo eminingi (Umfanekiso 1), efakwe umqoqi welanga we-photovoltaic-thermal hybrid solar.Uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yepompo yokushisa yomoya-amanzi evamile, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesistimu yamandla emithombo eminingi kuthuthukiswa ngo-16% ~ 25%.Zheng et.ithuthukise uhlobo olusha lwesistimu yokugcina ukushisa okuhlanganisiwe kwamandla elanga kanye nepompo yokushisa yomthombo ophansi.Isistimu ye-solar collector ingathola isitoreji esiphezulu sesizini sokushisa, okungukuthi, ukushisa okuphezulu ebusika kanye nokupholisa izinga eliphezulu ehlobo.Umshini wokushisa weshubhu ongcwatshwe kanye nethangi lokugcina ukushisa okuphakathi kungasebenza kahle ohlelweni, futhi inani le-COP lesistimu lingafinyelela ku-6.96.

Kuhlanganiswe namandla elanga, ihlose ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhweba nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwamandla elanga ku-greenhouse.Wan Ya et.beka phambili uhlelo olusha lobuchwepheshe lokulawula oluhlakaniphile lokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga namandla okuhweba okushisa ukushisa okushisa, okungasebenzisa amandla e-photovoltaic uma kunokukhanya, futhi kube amandla okuhweba lapho kungabikho ukukhanya, kunciphisa kakhulu ukushoda kwamandla okulayisha. isilinganiso, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zezomnotho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amabhethri.

Amandla elanga, amandla e-biomass namandla kagesi angakwazi ukushisa ngokuhlanganyela izindlu zokugcina izithombo, ezingase futhi zifinyelele ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphezulu.U-Zhang Liangrui nabanye bahlanganise ukuqoqwa kokushisa kweshubhu ye-vacuum ye-solar nethangi lamanzi lokugcina ukushisa kagesi esigodini.I-greenhouse heat system inenduduzo enhle yokushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lesistimu liyi-68.70%.Ithangi lamanzi lokugcina ukushisa likagesi liyidivayisi yokugcina amanzi eshisisa i-biomass enokushisa ngogesi.Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lokungena kwamanzi ekugcineni kokushisa liyasethwa, futhi isu lokusebenza lesistimu linqunywa ngokusho kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi lengxenye yokuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga kanye nengxenye yokugcina ukushisa kwe-biomass, ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokushisa elizinzile endaweni yokushisa. ukuphela kokushisisa futhi wonge amandla kagesi nezinto zamandla e-biomass ngezinga eliphezulu.

Ucwaningo Olusha Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezintsha Zokubamba Ukushisa

Ngokunwetshwa kwendawo ye-greenhouse, ukungalungi kokusetshenziswa kwezinto zendabuko ezibamba ukushisa njengezitini nomhlabathi kuyembulwa ngokwandayo.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okushisayo kwe-greenhouse futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-greenhouse yesimanje, kukhona ucwaningo oluningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokumboza obala, izinto zokushisa ezishisayo kanye nezinto zodonga.

Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokumboza ezisobala

Izinhlobo zezinto zokumboza ezibonakalayo ze-greenhouse ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ifilimu yepulasitiki, ingilazi, iphaneli yelanga kanye nephaneli ye-photovoltaic, phakathi kwayo ifilimu yepulasitiki inendawo enkulu yokufaka isicelo.Ifilimu yendabuko ye-greenhouse PE inokukhubazeka kwempilo yesevisi emfushane, ukungonakali kanye nomsebenzi owodwa.Njengamanje, izinhlobonhlobo zamafilimu amasha asebenzayo athuthukiswe ngokungeza ama-reagents asebenzayo noma ama-coatings.

Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya:Ifilimu yokuguqula ukukhanya ishintsha izici zefilimu ngokusebenzisa ama-agent okuguqula ukukhanya njengezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba kanye ne-nano, futhi ingaguqula indawo yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ibe ukukhanya okubomvu okusawolintshi kanye nokukhanya kwe-violet okuluhlaza okudingwa yi-photosynthesis yezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isivuno sezitshalo nokunciphisa. ukulimala kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ezitshalweni namafilimu abamba ukushisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zepulasitiki.Isibonelo, ifilimu ye-greenhouse enobubanzi obunsomi ukuya ebomvu ene-ejenti yokuguqula ukukhanya kwe-VTR-660 ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukudluliswa kwe-infrared uma isetshenziswa ku-greenhouse, futhi uma iqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse yokulawula, isivuno sikatamatisi ngehektha ngalinye, uvithamini C nokuqukethwe kwe-lycopene. zinyuke kakhulu ngo-25.71%, 11.11% no-33.04% ngokulandelana.Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, impilo yesevisi, ukuwohloka kanye nezindleko zefilimu entsha yokuguqula ukukhanya kusadingeka kufundwe.

Ingilazi ehlakazekile: Ingilazi ehlakazekile ku-greenhouse iyiphethini ekhethekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphikisana nokubukisa phezu kwengilazi, engakhulisa ukukhanya kwelanga ekukhanyeni okuhlakazekile futhi ingene ku-greenhouse, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis yezitshalo futhi yandise isivuno sezitshalo.Ingilazi ehlakazekayo iphendulela ukukhanya okungena ku-greenhouse kube ukukhanya okuhlakazekile ngokusebenzisa amaphethini akhethekile, futhi ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kungashiswa ngokulinganayo ku-greenhouse, kuqede ithonya lomthunzi we-skeleton ku-greenhouse.Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi entantayo evamile kanye nengilazi entantayo emhlophe kakhulu, izinga lokudlulisa ukukhanya kwengilazi ehlakazayo lingu-91.5%, kanti lengilazi entantayo evamile lingu-88%.Kuwo wonke ukwanda kwe-1% kokudluliswa kokukhanya ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse, isivuno singakhuphuka cishe ngo-3%, futhi ushukela oncibilikayo novithamini C ezithelweni nemifino kuye kwanda.Ingilazi ehlakazayo ku-greenhouse imbozwe kuqala bese iyathukuthela, futhi izinga lokuziqhumisa liphakeme kunezinga likazwelonke, lifinyelela ku-2 ‰.

Ucwaningo Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezintsha Zokugqumisa I-Thermal

Izinto zokufakelwa ezishisayo zendabuko ku-greenhouse ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa umata wotshani, i-quilt yephepha, i-quilt yokushisa eshisayo edingekayo, njll., esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kokushisa ophahleni, ukufakwa odongeni kanye nokufakwa okushisayo kwezinye izinto zokugcina ukushisa kanye namadivayisi wokuqoqa ukushisa. .Iningi labo linesici sokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation ngenxa yomswakama wangaphakathi ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.Ngakho-ke, kunezicelo eziningi zezinto ezintsha zokufaka ukushisa okushisayo, phakathi kwazo i-quilt entsha yokufaka ukushisa okushisayo, isitoreji sokushisa kanye namadivayisi wokuqoqa ukushisa okuyizinto okugxilwe kuzo ocwaningweni.

Izinto ezintsha zokufaka ukufudumala okushisayo zivame ukwenziwa ngokucubungula nokuhlanganisa izinto ezingangeni manzi nezimelana nokuguga njengefilimu elukiweyo nezimbozwe ngezinto ezishisayo ezishisayo ezifana nokotini ofakwe isifutho, i-cashmere exubile kanye ne-pearl cotton.Indwangu yokuvikela eshisayo efakwe ngefilimu eyenziwe ngefilimu yahlolwa eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina.Kutholwe ukuthi ukungeza ukotini ofakwe isifutho esingu-500g kwakulingana nokusebenza kokushisa okushisayo okungu-4500g wequilt emnyama ezwakale eshisayo emakethe.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ukusebenza kokushisa okushisayo kuka-700g kakotini ogcotshwe ngesifutho kwathuthukiswa ngo-1 ~ 2℃ uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho kombhobho wokufaka ukotini oshisayo onamagremu angu-500.Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izifundo ziphinde zathola ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindwangu zokuvala ezishisayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa emakethe, umphumela wokushisa oshisayo wokotini ofakwe isifutho kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlanganisa ezishisayo ze-cashmere ungcono, namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-84.0% no-83.3 %ngokulandelana.Uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle elibanda kakhulu lingu-24.4℃, izinga lokushisa lasendlini lingafinyelela ku-5.4 no-4.2℃ ngokulandelanayo.Uma kuqhathaniswa nendwangu eyodwa yokufakwa kwengubo yotshani, indwangu entsha yokufaka eyinhlanganisela inezinzuzo zesisindo esilula, izinga eliphezulu lokwehlukanisa, ukumelana nokungangeni kwamanzi okuqinile nokuguga, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengohlobo olusha lwezinto zokufakelwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zelanga.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kocwaningo lwezinto zokushisa ezishisayo zokuqoqwa kokushisa okubamba ukushisa kanye namadivayisi okugcina, kutholakala nokuthi uma ubukhulu bufana, izinto zokufakelwa kwe-multi-layer composite thermal insulation zinokusebenza okungcono kokushisa okushisayo kunempahla eyodwa.Ithimba likaSolwazi uLi Jianming elivela eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-A&F laklama futhi lahlola izinhlobo ezingu-22 zezinto zokufakwa ezishisayo zamathuluzi okugcina amanzi abamba ukushisa, njengebhodi levacuum, i-airgel kanye nerabha kakotini, futhi likala izakhiwo zazo ezishisayo.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi okokufaka okushisayo okungu-80mm+i-aerogel+rubber-plastic thermal insulation insulation composite kunganciphisa ukuchithwa kokushisa ngo-0.367MJ ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye uma kuqhathaniswa no-80mm werabha-plastiki kakotini, futhi i-coefficient yayo yokudlulisa ukushisa yayingu-0.283W/(m2 ·k) lapho ukujiya kwenhlanganisela yokufakwa kwangaphakathi kungu-100mm.

Impahla yokushintsha isigaba ingenye yezindawo ezishisayo ocwaningweni lwezinto ezibamba ukushisa.I-Northwest A&F University ithuthukise izinhlobo ezimbili zemishini yokugcina izinto ezishintshayo: enye yibhokisi lokugcina elenziwe nge-polyethylene emnyama, enobukhulu obungama-50cm×30cm×14cm (ubude×ubude×ubukhulu) futhi ligcwele izinto zokushintsha isigaba, ukuthi ingagcina ukushisa futhi ikhulule ukushisa;Okwesibili, uhlobo olusha lwe-wallboard yokuguqula isigaba luyathuthukiswa.I-wallboard yokushintsha isigaba iqukethe into eshintsha isigaba, ipuleti le-aluminium, ipuleti le-aluminium-plastic kanye ne-aluminium alloy.Impahla yokushintsha isigaba itholakala endaweni emaphakathi kakhulu yebhodi lodonga, futhi ukucaciswa kwayo kungu-200mm×200mm×50mm.Kuyimpuphu eqinile ngaphambi nangemva kokushintsha kwesigaba, futhi akukho mkhuba wokuncibilika noma ukugeleza.Izindonga ezine zezinto zokushintsha kwesigaba ziyipuleti le-aluminium ne-aluminium-plastic plate, ngokulandelanayo.Le divayisi ingabona imisebenzi yokugcina ukushisa emini futhi ngokuyinhloko ikhiphe ukushisa ebusuku.

Ngakho-ke, kunezinkinga ezithile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-single-thermal insulation material, njengokusebenza kahle kwe-thermal insulation, ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulu, isikhathi esifushane sokugcina ukushisa, njll. isembozo ungqimba idivayisi ukushisa ukushisa kungaba ngcono ngempumelelo ukwahlukanisa ezishisayo ukusebenza abamba ukushisa, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa abamba ukushisa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe umphumela ukonga amandla.

Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-New Wall

Njengohlobo lwesakhiwo esibiyelwe, udonga luyisithiyo esibalulekile sokuvikela okubandayo kwe-greenhouse nokugcina ukushisa.Ngokusho kwezinto zodonga kanye nezakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa kodonga olusenyakatho lwe-greenhouse kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: udonga olulodwa-ungqimba olwenziwe ngomhlabathi, izitini, njll, nodonga olusenyakatho olunezingqimba olwenziwe ngezitini zobumba, izitini ze-block, amabhodi e-polystyrene, njll, anesitoreji sokushisa kwangaphakathi kanye nokushisa kwangaphandle, futhi iningi lalezi zindonga zidla isikhathi futhi zisebenza kanzima;Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zezindonga ziye zavela, okulula ukwakha futhi ezifanele ukuhlangana okusheshayo.

Ukuvela kwezindonga ezihlanganisiwe zohlobo olusha kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezihlangene, okuhlanganisa izindonga ezihlanganisiwe zohlobo olusha ezinezinto zangaphandle ezingangeni manzi nezilwa nokuguga kanye nezinto ezinjengomuzwa, iparele ukotini, ukotini wesikhala, ukotini wengilazi noma ukotini ogaywe kabusha njengokushisa. izingqimba zokufakelwa, njengezindonga eziguquguqukayo ezihlanganisiwe zikakotini oboshwe ngesifutho e-Xinjiang.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo ziphinde zabika ngodonga olusenyakatho lwe-greenhouse ehlanganisiwe enesendlalelo sokugcina ukushisa, njengebhulokhi likakolweni eligcwele izitini e-Xinjiang.Ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo yangaphandle, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu langaphandle lingu-20.8 ℃, izinga lokushisa endaweni yokushisa yelanga enodonga oluhlanganisiwe lwegobolondo likakolweni liyi-7.5 ℃, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa e-solar greenhouse enodonga lukakhonkolo lwezitini lingu-3.2 ℃.Isikhathi sokuvuna sikatamatisi ku-greenhouse yezitini singathuthukiswa ngezinsuku eziyi-16, futhi isivuno se-greenhouse eyodwa singakhuphuka ngo-18.4%.

Ithimba lesikhungo saseNorthwest A&F University labeka phambili umbono wokuklama wokwenza utshani, inhlabathi, amanzi, amatshe kanye nezinto zokushintsha isigaba zibe amamojula okushisa nokugcina ukushisa ukusuka engeli yokukhanya nokwakhiwa kodonga olwenziwe lula, okukhuthaze ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwe-modular ehlanganisiwe. udonga.Isibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse yodonga lwezitini ezijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ku-greenhouse liphakeme ngo-4.0℃ ngosuku oluvamile libalele.Izinhlobo ezintathu zamamojula usimende wokushintsha isigaba sezinto ezingaphili, enziwe ngezinto zokushintsha kwesigaba (PCM) nosimende, anqwabelene ukushisa okungu-74.5, 88.0 kanye no-95.1 MJ/m.³, futhi ikhishwe ukushisa okungu-59.8, 67.8 no-84.2 MJ/m³, ngokulandelana.Zinemisebenzi "yokusika okuphezulu" emini, "ukugcwalisa isigodi" ebusuku, ukumunca ukushisa ehlobo nokukhulula ukushisa ebusika.

Lezi zindonga ezintsha zihlangene esizeni, zinesikhathi esifushane sokwakha kanye nempilo ende yesevisi, okudala izimo zokwakhiwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo ezilula, ezenziwe lula futhi ezihlanganiswe ngokushesha, futhi zingakhuthaza kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezindlu zokugcina izithombo.Kodwa-ke, kukhona ezinye iziphambeko kulolu hlobo lodonga, njengodonga lwe-spray-bonded cotton thermal insulation quilt lunokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokufakwa kwe-thermal, kodwa alunawo amandla okugcina ukushisa, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesigaba sezinto zokwakha kunenkinga yokusetshenziswa kwezindleko eziphezulu.Esikhathini esizayo, ucwaningo lwesicelo sodonga oluhlanganisiwe kufanele luqiniswe.

Amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nemiklamo emisha kusiza ukuguquka kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse.

Ucwaningo kanye nokusungulwa kwamandla amasha kanye nezinto ezintsha kunikeza isisekelo sokwakhiwa okusha kwe-greenhouse.I-greenhouse eyonga amandla elanga kanye neshede le-arch yizakhiwo ezinkulu zeshede emkhiqizweni wezolimo waseChina, futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo.Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka komnotho womphakathi waseShayina, ukushiyeka kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezakhiwo kuya ngokuya kuvezwa.Okokuqala, indawo yezakhiwo zesikhungo sincane futhi izinga lemishini liphansi;Okwesibili, i-greenhouse esindisa amandla elanga ine-insulation enhle yokushisa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kuphansi, okulingana nokushintsha amandla okushisa nomhlabathi.I-arch shed evamile ayinayo nje indawo encane, kodwa futhi ine-insulation embi yokushisa.Nakuba i-greenhouse ene-span multi-span inesikhala esikhulu, ine-insulation ephansi ye-thermal kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-greenhouse esilungele izinga lamanje lezenhlalo nezomnotho laseShayina, futhi ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha kuzosiza ukuguquka kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse futhi kukhiqize izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezintsha ze-greenhouse noma izakhiwo.

Ucwaningo Olusha Nge-Large-span Asymmetric Water-controlled Brewing Greenhouse

I-greenhouse yokuphisa elawulwa ngamanzi e-asymmetric elawulwa ngamanzi (inombolo yelungelo lobunikazi: ZL 201220391214.2) isekelwe kumgomo wokushisa kwelanga, ukuguqula ukwakheka kwe-symmetrical ye-greenhouse evamile yepulasitiki, ikhulise indawo eseningizimu, ikhulise indawo yokukhanyisa ophahleni oluseningizimu, ukunciphisa ububanzi obusenyakatho nokunciphisa indawo yokukhipha ukushisa, nge-span ye-18 ~ 24m kanye nokuphakama kwe-ridge 6~7m.Ngokusungulwa kokuklama, ukwakheka kwendawo kuye kwandiswa kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkinga zokushisa okunganele ekushiseni okubamba ukushisa ebusika kanye nokushisa okungekuhle kwe-thermal insulation materials ezivamile zixazululwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushisa kwe-biomass brewing kanye nezinto zokushisa ezishisayo.Imiphumela yokukhiqiza kanye nocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi i-greenhouse yokuphisa elawulwa ngamanzi asymmetric enkulu-span, enesilinganiso sokushisa esingu-11.7℃ ngezinsuku libalele kanye no-10.8℃ ngezinsuku eziguqubele, ingahlangabezana nesidingo sokukhula kwezitshalo ebusika, kanye nezindleko zokwakha i-greenhouse yehliswe ngo-39.6% futhi izinga lokusebenzisa umhlaba likhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-30% uma liqhathaniswa nalelo le-polystyrene brick wall greenhouse, elungele ukuqhubekiselwa phambili ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa e-Yellow Huaihe River Basin of China.

I-greenhouse ehlanganisiwe yokukhanya kwelanga

I-greenhouse ehlanganisiwe yokukhanya kwelanga ithatha amakholomu nohlaka lwamathambo ophahleni njengesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo, futhi impahla yayo yodonga ngokuyinhloko iyindawo evalekile yokuvikela ukushisa, esikhundleni sokuthwala nokugcina ukushisa nokukhulula.Ikakhulukazi: (1) uhlobo olusha lodonga oluhlanganisiwe lwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nefilimu eboshiwe noma ipuleti lensimbi elinemibala, ibhulokhi yotshani, indwangu yokufaka eshisayo eguquguqukayo, ibhulokhi lodaka, njll. (2) ibhodi eludongeni eliyinhlanganisela elenziwe ngebhodi likasimende elakhiwe ngaphambili. -ibhodi le-polystyrene board-samente;(3) Uhlobo olulula nolulula lokuhlanganisa lwezinto zokufakwa ezishisayo ezinokugcinwa kokushisa okusebenzayo kanye nesistimu yokukhulula kanye nesistimu yokukhipha umswakamo, njengokugcinwa kokushisa kwebhakede lesikwele sepulasitiki kanye nokugcinwa kokushisa kwamapayipi.Ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha zokuvikela ukushisa okusha nezinto zokugcina ukushisa esikhundleni sodonga lomhlaba wendabuko ukwakha i-solar greenhouse inesikhala esikhulu kanye nobunjiniyela obuncane bomphakathi.Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lendlu ebamba ukushisa ebusuku ebusika liphakeme ngo-4.5℃ kunalelo lendlu yokushisa yendlu yesitini yodonga oluvamile, futhi ugqinsi lodonga olungemuva luyi-166mm.Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlu yokushisa yezitini enodonga oluwugqinsi engu-600mm, indawo ehlala odongeni yehliswa ngo-72%, kanti izindleko imitha yesikwele ngayinye zingu-334.5 yuan, okuyi-yuan engu-157.2 ephansi kunaleyo yendlu ebamba ukushisa yezitini, kanye nezindleko zokwakha. lehle kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, i-greenhouse ehlanganisiwe inezinzuzo zokucekelwa phansi komhlaba ongalinywa kancane, ukonga umhlaba, isivinini sokwakha okusheshayo nokuphila isikhathi eside senkonzo, futhi iyisiqondiso esiyinhloko sokwenza izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo zelanga okwamanje nasesikhathini esizayo.

I-greenhouse yokukhanya kwelanga

I-skateboard-ehlanganiswe ne-skateboard yokonga amandla okushisa elanga eyakhiwe yi-Shenyang Agricultural University isebenzisa udonga olungemuva lwe-solar greenhouse ukwakha uhlelo lokugcina ukushisa odongeni olujikelezayo ukugcina ukushisa nokunyusa izinga lokushisa, elakhiwe ikakhulukazi ichibi (32m).³), ipuleti lokuqoqa ukukhanya (360m²), iphampu yamanzi, ipayipi lamanzi nesilawuli.I-flexible insulation quilt ithathelwa indawo yinto entsha yensimbi enombala we-rock lightweight enombala phezulu.Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lo mklamo uxazulula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga ye-gables evimbela ukukhanya, futhi ukwandisa indawo yokungena ekukhanyeni kwe-greenhouse.I-angle yokukhanyisa ye-greenhouse ingu-41.5 °, ecishe ibe ngu-16 ° ephakeme kunaleyo ye-greenhouse yokulawula, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise izinga lokukhanyisa.Ukusabalalisa kwezinga lokushisa endlini kufana, futhi izitshalo zikhula kahle.I-greenhouse inezinzuzo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukuklama ngokuguquguqukayo ubukhulu be-greenhouse kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izinsiza zomhlaba ezitshaliwe kanye nemvelo.

I-Photovoltaic greenhouse

I-greenhouse yezolimo iyi-greenhouse ehlanganisa amandla okukhiqiza amandla e-solar photovoltaic, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile kanye nokutshala kwesimanje kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Yamukela uhlaka lwamathambo ensimbi futhi ihlanganiswe namamojula we-solar photovoltaic ukuqinisekisa izidingo zokukhanyisa amamojula okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic kanye nezidingo zokukhanyisa ze-greenhouse yonke.Umsinga oqondile owenziwe amandla elanga ugcwalisa ngokuqondile ukukhanya kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo zezolimo, usekela ngokuqondile ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yokushisa ukushisa, uqhuba ukuchelela kwemithombo yamanzi, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lokushisa futhi ukhuthaze ukukhula okusheshayo kwezitshalo.Amamojula we-Photovoltaic ngale ndlela azothinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhanyisa kwe-greenhouse roof, bese ethinta ukukhula okuvamile kwemifino eluhlaza.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlelwa okunengqondo kwamapaneli we-photovoltaic ophahleni lwe-greenhouse kuba iphuzu eliyinhloko lokufaka isicelo.I-Agricultural greenhouse iwumkhiqizo wenhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo zokubona indawo ezolimo kanye nezindawo zokulima, futhi iyimboni yezolimo emisha ehlanganisa ukuphehlwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, ukubona indawo yezolimo, izitshalo zezolimo, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, indawo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko.

Idizayini entsha yeqembu le-greenhouse elinokuxhumana kwamandla phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlu zokugcina izithombo

UGuo Wenzhong, umcwaningi e-Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, usebenzisa indlela yokushisa yokudlulisa amandla phakathi kwezindlu ezibamba ukushisa ukuze kuqoqwe amandla okushisa asele endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze kushiswe enye noma ngaphezulu.Le ndlela yokushisa ibona ukudluliswa kwamandla abamba ukushisa ngesikhathi nasemkhathini, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamandla asele okushisa abamba ukushisa, futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa okuphelele.Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-greenhouse zingaba izinhlobo ezihlukene ze-greenhouse noma uhlobo olufanayo lwe-greenhouse lokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, njenge-ulethisi kanye ne-tomato greenhouses.Izindlela zokuqoqa ukushisa zibandakanya ikakhulukazi ukukhipha ukushisa komoya wasendlini kanye nokunqanda imisebe yesigameko ngokuqondile.Ngokuqoqwa kwamandla elanga, ukushintshwa okuphoqelelwe ngokushintshisana kokushisa nokukhipha ngempoqo ngephampu yokushisa, ukushisa okwedlulele endaweni ebamba ukushisa enamandla kakhulu kwakhishwa ukuze kushiswe i-greenhouse.

finyeza

Lezi zindawo ezintsha zokugcina izithombo zelanga zinezinzuzo zokuhlanganisa ngokushesha, isikhathi sokwakha esifushane kanye nezinga elithuthukisiwe lokusebenzisa umhlaba.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokuhlola ukusebenza kwalezi zindawo ezintsha zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezihlukene, futhi kunikeze ithuba lokwandiswa okukhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo ezintsha.Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ngokuqhubekayo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ukuze kuhlinzekwe amandla okuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezindawo zokugcina izithombo.

Ikusasa nokucabanga

Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zendabuko zivame ukuba nobubi obuthile, njengokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamandla, izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukudla isikhathi esiningi kanye nokusebenza kanzima, ukusebenza kabi, njll., ezingasakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezolimo zesimanje, futhi kuzomele zibe kancane kancane. kuqedwe.Ngakho-ke, kuwumkhuba wokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla emisha njengamandla elanga, amandla e-biomass, amandla e-geothermal namandla omoya, izinto ezintsha zokufakwa kwe-greenhouse kanye nemiklamo emisha yokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse.Okokuqala, i-greenhouse entsha eqhutshwa amandla amasha nezinto ezintsha akufanele nje ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza kwemishini, kodwa futhi yonge amandla, umhlaba kanye nezindleko.Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo ukusebenza kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezihlukene, ukuze kuhlinzekwe izimo zokuthandwa kakhulu kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo.Ngokuzayo, kufanele siqhubeke sifune amandla amasha nezinto ezintsha ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwe-greenhouse, futhi sithole inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye ne-greenhouse, ukuze senze kube nokwenzeka ukwakha indlu yokushisa entsha enezindleko eziphansi, ukwakhiwa okufushane. isikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, kusiza ukuguquka kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo eChina.

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nemiklamo emisha ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse kuwumkhuba ongenakugwenywa, kusenezinkinga eziningi okufanele zicutshungulwe futhi zinqotshwe: (1) Izindleko zokwakha ziyakhuphuka.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisisa okungokwesiko ngamalahle, igesi yemvelo noma uwoyela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha kuhambisana nemvelo futhi akungcolisi, kodwa izindleko zokwakha zikhuphuka kakhulu, okunomthelela othile ekubuyiselweni kabusha kokutshalwa kwezimali kokukhiqiza nokusebenza. .Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, izindleko zezinto ezintsha zizokwenyuka kakhulu.(2) Ukusetshenziswa okungazinzile kwamandla okushisa.Inzuzo enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ephansi, kodwa ukunikezwa kwamandla nokushisa akuzinzile, futhi izinsuku eziguqubele ziba yisici esikhulu esikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga.Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kokushisa kwe-biomass ngokuvutshelwa, ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwala mandla kunqunyelwe izinkinga zamandla okushisa aphansi, ukuphathwa okunzima nokulawula, kanye nendawo enkulu yokugcina impahla yokuthutha impahla.(3) Ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe.Lobu buchwepheshe obusetshenziswa amandla amasha nezinto ezintsha kuwucwaningo oluthuthukisiwe kanye nezimpumelelo zobuchwepheshe, futhi indawo yabo yokusetshenziswa kanye nobubanzi kusekukhawulelwe.Azidlulanga izikhathi eziningi, izingosi eziningi kanye nokuqinisekiswa komkhuba omkhulu, futhi kunokushiyeka okuthile nokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe okudingeka kuthuthukiswe ekusetshenzisweni.Abasebenzisi bavame ukuphika ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokushoda okuncane.(4) Izinga lokungena kobuchwepheshe liphansi.Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwempumelelo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kudinga ukuduma okuthile.Njengamanje, amandla amasha, ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse konke kuseqenjini lezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi emanyuvesi anekhono elithile lokuqamba izinto ezintsha, futhi iningi labafuna ngenkani noma abaklami abakazi;Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthandwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kusenomkhawulo ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zobuchwepheshe obusha zinelungelo lobunikazi.(5) Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo esibamba ukushisa kudinga ukuqiniswa nakakhulu.Ngenxa yokuthi amandla, izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esibamba ukushisa kungokwemikhakha emithathu ehlukene, amathalenta anolwazi lokuklama indawo ebamba ukushisa ngokuvamile antula ucwaningo mayelana namandla nezinto ezithinta ukushisa okushisa, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho;Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi abahlobene nokucwaninga kwamandla nezinto zokwakha badinga ukuqinisa uphenyo nokuqonda izidingo zangempela zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-greenhouse, futhi abaklami bezakhiwo kufanele bafunde izinto ezintsha namandla amasha ukuze bakhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobudlelwane obuthathu, ukuze kuzuzwe. umgomo wobuchwepheshe bokucwaninga kwe-greenhouse, izindleko eziphansi zokwakha kanye nomthelela omuhle wokusebenzisa.Ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni ezingenhla, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi umbuso, ohulumeni basekhaya kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi kufanele ziqinise ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe, zenze ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe ngokujulile, ziqinise ukusakazwa kwempumelelo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, zithuthukise ukuthandwa kwezimpumelelo, futhi zisheshe zibone umgomo wamandla amasha nezinto ezintsha zokusiza ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwemboni ye-greenhouse.

Ulwazi olucashuniwe

U-Li Jianming, u-Sun Guotao, u-Li Haojie, u-Li Rui, u-Hu Yixin.Amandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nomklamo omusha kusiza uguquko olusha lwe-greenhouse [J].Imifino, 2022,(10):1-8.