Abstract: Izithombo zemifino ziyisinyathelo sokuqala ekukhiqizeni imifino, futhi izinga lezithombo libaluleke kakhulu ekuvuneni kanye nekhwalithi yemifino emva kokutshala.Ngokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kokuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi embonini yemifino, izithombo zemifino ziye zakha kancane kancane iketanga lezimboni ezizimele futhi zanikeza ukukhiqizwa kwemifino.Zithintwa isimo sezulu esibi, izindlela zendabuko zokutshala izithombo zibhekana nezinselele eziningi njengokukhula kancane kwezithombo, ukukhula okunemilenze, nezinambuzane nezifo.Ukubhekana nezithombo ezinemilenze, abalimi abaningi bezentengiselwano basebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula.Kodwa-ke, kunezingozi zokuqina kwezithombo, ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ngokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula.Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokulawula amakhemikhali, nakuba ukugqugquzelwa kwemishini, izinga lokushisa nokulawulwa kwamanzi nakho kungadlala indima ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwemilenze yezithombo, akulula futhi kuyasebenza.Ngaphansi komthelela wobhubhane olusha lwe-Covid-19 lomhlaba wonke, izinkinga zobunzima bokulawulwa kokukhiqiza okubangelwa ukushoda kwabasebenzi kanye nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi embonini yezithombo sezigqame kakhulu.

Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa, ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya okwenziwa ekukhuliseni izithombo zemifino kunezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kwezithombo, izinambuzane nezifo ezincane, kanye nokumiswa kalula.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo yokukhanya yendabuko, isizukulwane esisha semithombo yokukhanya ye-LED sinezici zokonga amandla, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, impilo ende, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuqina, usayizi omncane, imisebe ephansi eshisayo, kanye ne-wavelength amplitude encane.Ingakwazi ukwenza i-spectrum efanele ngokuya ngezidingo zokukhula nokuthuthuka kwezithombo endaweni yezimboni zezitshalo, futhi ilawule ngokunembile inqubo ye-physiological kanye ne-metabolic yezithombo, ngasikhathi sinye, ibe nomthelela ekukhiqizeni izithombo zemifino okungangcoliswanga, okujwayelekile nokusheshayo. , futhi unciphise umjikelezo wezithombo.ENingizimu China, kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-60 ukutshala izithombo zikapelepele kanye notamatisi (amaqabunga eqiniso angama-3-4) ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zepulasitiki, kanye nezinsuku ezingaba ngu-35 ezithonjeni zekhukhamba (amaqabunga eqiniso angama-3-5).Ngaphansi kwezimo zemboni yezitshalo, kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-17 kuphela ukutshala izithombo zikatamatisi kanye nezinsuku ezingama-25 ezithonjeni zikapelepele ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-photoperiod yamahora angama-20 kanye ne-PPF ka-200-300 μmol/(m2•s).Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela evamile yokutshala izithombo endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokutshala izithombo zasembonini ye-LED kwanciphisa kakhulu umjikelezo wokukhula kwekhukhamba ngezinsuku eziyi-15-30, futhi isibalo sezimbali zesifazane nesithelo isitshalo ngasinye senyuke ngo-33.8% no-37.3%. , ngokulandelana, futhi isivuno esiphezulu sikhuphuke ngo-71.44%.

Mayelana nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezimbonini zezitshalo kuphakeme kunaleyo yezindlu ezibamba ukushisa zohlobo lwe-Venlo endaweni efanayo.Isibonelo, efekthri yezitshalo yase-Swedish, i-1411 MJ idingeka ukukhiqiza i-1 kg yento eyomile ye-ulethisi, kuyilapho i-1699 MJ idingeka endaweni yokushisa.Kodwa-ke, uma ugesi odingekayo ngekhilogremu yento eyomile ye-ulethisi ibalwa, imboni yezitshalo idinga 247 kW · h ukukhiqiza i-1 kg yesisindo esomile sikalethisi, futhi izindawo zokugcina izithombo eSweden, eNetherlands, nase-United Arab Emirates zidinga 182 kW· h, 70 kW·h, kanye ne-111 kW·h, ngokulandelana.

Ngasikhathi sinye, embonini yezitshalo, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha, izinto ezizenzakalelayo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bungakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile izimo zemvelo ezifanele ukutshalwa kwezithombo, kususe ukulinganiselwa kwezimo zemvelo zemvelo, futhi kubone abahlakaniphile, ukukhiqizwa kwezithombo ngomshini nangonyaka wonke.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izithombo zemboni yezitshalo ziye zasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ezentengiselwano zemifino enamahlamvu, imifino yezithelo nezinye izitshalo zezomnotho eJapane, eNingizimu Korea, eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe.Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kokuqala kwamafekthri ezitshalo, izindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulu kwesistimu kuseyizingqinamba ezikhawulela ukukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokutshalwa kwezithombo ezimbonini zezitshalo zaseShayina.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukucabangela izidingo zesivuno esiphezulu nokonga amandla ngokuya ngamasu okuphatha ukukhanya, ukusungulwa kwamamodeli okukhula kwemifino, kanye nemishini yokuzenzakalela ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinzuzo zezomnotho.

Kulesi sihloko, ithonya lemvelo yokukhanya kwe-LED ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezithombo zemifino ezimbonini zezitshalo eminyakeni yamuva iyabuyekezwa, ngombono wesiqondiso socwaningo sokulawulwa kokukhanya kwezithombo zemifino ezimbonini zezitshalo.

1. Imithelela Yendawo Ekhanyayo Ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezithombo zemifino

Njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile zemvelo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo, ukukhanya akuwona nje umthombo wamandla wezitshalo ukuze zenze i-photosynthesis, kodwa futhi kuwuphawu olubalulekile oluthinta i-photomorphogenesis yezitshalo.Izitshalo zizwa isiqondiso, amandla kanye nekhwalithi yokukhanya yesignali ngohlelo lwesignali yokukhanya, zilawula ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo, futhi zisabela ebukhoneni noma ekungabibikho, ubude beza, amandla kanye nobude besikhathi sokukhanya.Okwamanje ama-photoreceptors ezitshalo ezaziwayo afaka okungenani amakilasi amathathu: ama-phytochromes (PHYA~PHYE) azwa ukukhanya okubomvu nokubomvu (FR), ama-cryptochromes (CRY1 kanye ne-CRY2) azwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noku-ultraviolet A, kanye ne-Elements (Phot1 ne-Phot2), Isamukeli se-UV-B i-UVR8 esizwa i-UV-B.Lawa ma-photoreceptors abamba iqhaza futhi alawule ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene bese elawula imisebenzi yokuphila efana nokuhluma kwembewu yezitshalo, i-photomorphogenesis, isikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuhlanganiswa nokuqoqwa kwama-metabolites esibili, nokubekezelela ukucindezeleka kwe-biotic kanye ne-abiotic.

2. Ithonya lemvelo yokukhanya kwe-LED ekusungulweni kwe-photomorphological yezithombo zemifino

2.1 Imithelela Yekhwalithi Yokukhanya Ehlukile Ku-Photomorphogenesis Yezithombo Zemifino

Izifunda ezibomvu neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ze-spectrum zinokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-quantum ku-photosynthesis yamaqabunga ezitshalo.Kodwa-ke, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kwamaqabunga ekhukhamba ekukhanyeni okubomvu okumsulwa kuzolimaza uhlelo lwezithombe, okuzoholela esimweni “se-red light syndrome” njengokusabela kwe-stomatal stunted, ukwehla kwamandla e-photosynthetic kanye nokusebenzisa kahle i-nitrogen, kanye nokuncipha kokukhula.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhanya okuphansi kokukhanya (100±5 μmol/(m2•s)), ukukhanya okubomvu okumsulwa kungalimaza ama-chloroplast awo womabili amaqabunga amancane navuthiwe ekhukhamba, kodwa ama-chloroplast awonakele aphinde atholakala ngemva kokuguqulwa ekukhanyeni okubomvu okumsulwa. ekukhanyeni okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (R:B= 7:3).Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho izitshalo zekhukhamba zishintsha kusukela endaweni yokukhanya okubomvu-okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya endaweni ehlanzekile yokukhanya okubomvu, ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthetic akuzange kunciphe kakhulu, okubonisa ukuguquguquka kwemvelo yokukhanya okubomvu.Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-electron microscope yesakhiwo seqabunga lezithombo zekhukhamba “ene-red light syndrome”, abahloli bathola ukuthi inani lama-chloroplast, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya zesitashi, kanye nogqinsi lwegrana emaqabunga ngaphansi kokukhanya okubomvu okumsulwa bekuphansi kakhulu kunalawo angaphansi. ukwelashwa kokukhanya okumhlophe.Ukungenelela kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuthuthukisa izici ze-ultrastructure kanye ne-photosynthetic ye-cucumber chloroplasts futhi kuqede ukuqoqwa ngokweqile kwezakhi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya okumhlophe nokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhanya okubomvu okumsulwa kwakhuthaza i-hypocotyl elongation kanye nokwandiswa kwe-cotyledon yezithombo zikatamatisi, kwanda kakhulu ukuphakama kwesitshalo nendawo yamaqabunga, kodwa kwehla kakhulu umthamo we-photosynthetic, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-Rubisco nokusebenza kahle kwe-photochemical, futhi kwanda kakhulu ukuchithwa kokushisa.Kungabonakala ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo zisabela ngendlela ehlukile kukhwalithi yokukhanya efanayo, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya kwe-monochromatic, izitshalo zinokusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis kanye nokukhula okunamandla endaweni yokukhanya okuxubile.

Abacwaningi benze ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokwenza kahle kwenhlanganisela yekhwalithi yokukhanya yezithombo zemifino.Ngaphansi kokukhanya okufanayo kokukhanya, ngokwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhanya okubomvu, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kanye nesisindo esisha se-tomato kanye ne-cucumber izithombo kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ukwelashwa ngesilinganiso esibomvu kuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sika-3: 1 kwaba nomphumela omuhle kakhulu;ngokuphambene nalokho, isilinganiso esiphezulu sokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Kwavimbela ukukhula kwezithombo zikatamatisi kanye nekhukhamba, okwakufushane futhi kuhlangene, kodwa kwandisa okuqukethwe kwento eyomile ne-chlorophyll emahlumela ezithombo.Amaphethini afanayo ayabonakala kwezinye izitshalo, njengopelepele namakhabe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya okumhlophe, ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (R:B=3:1) akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ubukhulu bamaqabunga, okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll, ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthetic kanye nokusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwama-electron wezithombo zikatamatisi, kodwa futhi namazinga okuveza ama-enzyme ahlobene. emjikelezweni kaCalvin, ukukhula kokuqukethwe kwemifino kanye nokunqwabelana kwama-carbohydrate nakho kwaba ngcono kakhulu.Uma kuqhathaniswa izilinganiso ezimbili zokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (R:B=2:1, 4:1), isilinganiso esiphezulu sokukhanya okuluhlaza sasiza kakhulu ekudambiseni ukwakheka kwezimbali zesifazane ezitshalweni zekhukhamba futhi sasheshisa isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali zesifazane. .Yize izilinganiso ezihlukene zokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza zingenawo umthelela obalulekile ekuvunweni kwesisindo esisha se-kale, i-arugula, nezithombo zesinaphi, isilinganiso esiphezulu sokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (30% ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) sinciphise kakhulu ubude be-hypocotyl kanye nendawo ye-cotyledon yase-kale. nezithombo zesinaphi, kuyilapho umbala we-cotyledon ujula.Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni izithombo, ukwanda okufanele kwenani lokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhala se-node kanye nendawo yamaqabunga ezithombo zemifino, kukhuthaze ukunwetshwa kwezithombo ezingemuva, futhi kuthuthukise inkomba yamandla ezithombo, evumela ukunwetshwa kwezithombo. ukuhlakulela izithombo eziqinile.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ukukhanya kuhlale kungashintshile, ukwanda kokukhanya okuluhlaza ekukhanyeni okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwathuthukisa kakhulu isisindo esisha, indawo yamaqabunga kanye nokuphakama kwesitshalo kwezithombo zikapelepele.Uma kuqhathaniswa nesibani se-fluorescent esimhlophe esivamile, ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okubomvu-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (R3:G2:B5), i-Y[II], qP ne-ETR ye-'Okagi No. 1 tomato' izithombo ziye zaba ngcono kakhulu.Ukwengezwa kokukhanya kwe-UV (100 μmol/(m2•s) ukukhanya okuluhlaza + 7% UV-A) ekukhanyeni okumsulwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwehlise kakhulu isivinini sokwelulwa kwesiqu se-arugula nesinaphi, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwe-FR kwakuphambene.Lokhu futhi kubonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinye izimfanelo zokukhanya nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo.Nakuba kungekho ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet noma i-FR iwumthombo wamandla we-photosynthesis, zombili zihileleke ku-photomorphogenesis yezitshalo.Ukukhanya kwe-UV okunamandla aphezulu kuyingozi ekutshaleni i-DNA namaprotheni, njll. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya kwe-UV kuvuselela izimpendulo zokucindezeleka kwamaselula, okubangela izinguquko ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, i-morphology kanye nentuthuko ukuze ivumelane nezinguquko zemvelo.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-R/FR ephansi idala izimpendulo zokugwema umthunzi ezitshalweni, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-morphological ezitshalweni, ezifana nokwelulwa kwesiqu, ukunciphisa amaqabunga, nokunciphisa isivuno sento eyomile.Isiqu esincanyana asisona isici esihle sokukhula sokutshala izithombo eziqinile.Ukuze uthole izithombo zemifino enamaqabunga nezithelo, izithombo eziqinile, ezihlangene futhi ezinwebekayo azikwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokutshala.

I-UV-A ingenza izitshalo ze-cucumber yisithombo zibe mfushane futhi zihlangane, futhi isivuno emva kokufakelwa kabusha asihlukile kakhulu kulokho kokulawula;kuyilapho i-UV-B inomphumela obaluleke kakhulu wokuvimbela, futhi umphumela wokunciphisa isivuno ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha awubalulekile.Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luphakamise ukuthi i-UV-A ivimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi yenza izitshalo zibe zincane.Kodwa kunobufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi ukuba khona kwe-UV-A, esikhundleni sokucindezela i-biomass yezitshalo, empeleni kuyayikhuthaza.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya okuyisisekelo okubomvu nokumhlophe (R:W=2:3, i-PPFD ingu-250 μmol/(m2·s)), ukuqina okungeziwe ekukhanyeni okubomvu nokumhlophe ngu-10 W/m2 (cishe 10 μmol/(m2· s)) I-UV-A ye-kale ikhulise kakhulu i-biomass, ubude be-internode, ububanzi besiqu kanye nobubanzi be-canopy yesitshalo sezithombo ze-kale, kodwa umphumela wokuphromotha waba buthaka lapho amandla e-UV edlula ku-10 W/m2.I-Daily 2 h UV-A supplementation (0.45 J/(m2•s)) ingakhuphula kakhulu ubude besitshalo, indawo ye-cotyledon kanye nesisindo esisha sezithombo zikatamatisi we-'Oxheart', kuyilapho kunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-H2O2 kwezithombo zikatamatisi.Kungabonakala ukuthi izitshalo ezahlukene zisabela ngendlela ehlukile ekukhanyeni kwe-UV, okungenzeka kuhlobane nokuzwela kwezitshalo ekukhanyeni kwe-UV.

Ukuze kutshalwe izithombo ezixhunyelelwe, ubude besiqu kufanele bukhuliswe ngendlela efanele ukuze kube lula ukuxhunyelelwa kwesiphunzi.Ukuqina okuhlukene kwe-FR kube nemiphumela ehlukene ekukhuleni kwezithombo zikatamatisi, upelepele, ukhukhamba, ukhamba kanye nekhabe.Ukwengezwa kwe-18.9 μmol/(m2•s) ye-FR ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okubandayo kwandisa kakhulu ubude be-hypocotyl nobubanzi besiqu sezithombo zikatamatisi nopelepele;I-FR ka-34.1 μmol/(m2•s) ibe nomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ubude be-hypocotyl kanye nobubanzi besiqu se-cucumber, gourd kanye nezithombo zamakhabe;high-intensity FR (53.4 μmol/(m2•s)) ibe nomthelela omuhle kakhulu kule mifino emihlanu.Ubude be-hypocotyl kanye nobubanzi besiqu sezithombo abuzange zisakhula kakhulu, futhi zaqala ukukhombisa ukwehla.Isisindo esisha sezithombo zikapelepele sehle kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi amanani e-FR saturation ezithombo ezinhlanu zemifino wonke ayengaphansi kuka-53.4 μmol/(m2•s), futhi inani le-FR laliphansi kakhulu kunalelo le-FR.Imiphumela ekukhuleni kwezithombo zemifino ehlukene nayo ihlukile.

2.2 Imithelela Yenhlanganisela Ehlukile Yokukhanya Kwasemini Ku-Photomorphogenesis Yezithombo Zemifino

I-Daylight Integral (DLI) imelela inani eliphelele lamafotoni e-photosynthetic atholwe indawo yesitshalo ngosuku, ehlobene namandla okukhanya nesikhathi sokukhanya.Ifomula yokubala ithi DLI (mol/m2/usuku) = amandla okukhanya [μmol/(m2•s)] × Isikhathi sokukhanya sansuku zonke (h) × 3600 × 10-6.Endaweni enokukhanya okuphansi, izitshalo zisabela endaweni yokukhanya okuphansi ngokwandisa isiqu kanye nobude be-internode, ukwandisa ubude besitshalo, ubude be-petiole nendawo yamaqabunga, nokuncipha ukushuba kwamaqabunga kanye nenani eliphelele le-photosynthetic.Ngokukhula kokukhanya, ngaphandle kwesinaphi, ubude be-hypocotyl kanye nokwelulwa kwesiqu se-arugula, iklabishi kanye nezithombo ze-kale ngaphansi kwekhwalithi efanayo yokukhanya kwehle kakhulu.Kungabonakala ukuthi umphumela wokukhanya ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kanye ne-morphogenesis uhlobene nokuqina kokukhanya kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo.Ngokukhula kwe-DLI (8.64 ~ 28.8 mol/m2/ngosuku), uhlobo lwesitshalo lwezithombo zekhukhamba lwaba lufushane, lwaqina futhi luhlangene, futhi isisindo seqabunga elithile kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll kwehla kancane kancane.Ezinsukwini ezingu-6-16 emva kokuhlwanyela izithombo zekhukhamba, amaqabunga nezimpande zoma.Isisindo sakhula kancane kancane, futhi izinga lokukhula lakhula kancane kancane, kodwa ezinsukwini ezingu-16 kuya kwezingu-21 ngemva kokuhlwanyela, izinga lokukhula kwamaqabunga nezimpande zezithombo zekhukhamba lehla kakhulu.I-DLI ethuthukisiwe ikhuthaze izinga le-photosynthetic lensalela yezithombo zekhukhamba, kodwa ngemva kwenani elithile, izinga le-photosynthetic laqala ukwehla.Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha i-DLI efanele kanye nokusebenzisa amasu okukhanya okungeziwe ahlukene ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula kwezithombo kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Okuqukethwe ushukela oncibilikayo kanye ne-enzyme ye-SOD kukhukhamba nezithombo zikatamatisi kwanda ngokwanda kokuqina kwe-DLI.Lapho amandla e-DLI enyuka esuka ku-7.47 mol/m2/ngosuku aya ku-11.26 mol/m2/ngosuku, okuqukethwe ushukela oncibilikayo kanye ne-SOD enzyme ezitshalweni zekhukhamba kukhuphuke ngo-81.03%, no-55.5% ngokulandelana.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo ze-DLI, ngokwanda kokukhanya kokukhanya kanye nokufinyezwa kwesikhathi sokukhanya, umsebenzi we-PSII wezithombo zikatamatisi nekhukhamba wavinjelwa, futhi ukukhetha isu lokukhanya okungeziwe lokukhanya okuphansi kanye nobude besikhathi eside kwasiza kakhulu ukutshala izithombo eziphezulu. inkomba kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezithombe zekhukhamba nezithombo zikatamatisi.

Ekukhiqizeni izithombo ezixhunyelelwe, indawo yokukhanya okuphansi ingase iholele ekwehleni kwezinga lezithombo ezixhunyelelwe kanye nokwanda kwesikhathi sokuphulukiswa.Ukuqina kokukhanya okufanelekile akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ikhono elibophayo lendawo yokuphulukisa exhunywe futhi kuthuthukise inkomba yezithombo eziqinile, kodwa futhi kunciphise isikhundla se-node yezimbali zesifazane futhi kwandise inani lezimbali zesifazane.Ezimbonini zezitshalo, i-DLI engu-2.5-7.5 mol/m2/ngosuku yayanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwelapha zezithombo ezixhunyelelwe utamatisi.Ukubumbana nokuqina kwamaqabunga ezithombo zikatamatisi oxhunyelelwe kwanda kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqina kwe-DLI.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izithombo ezixhunyelelwe azidingi ukukhanya okukhulu ukuze zelashwe.Ngakho-ke, ngokucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nendawo yokutshala, ukukhetha ukukhanya okufanelekile kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa izinzuzo zezomnotho.

3. Imiphumela yemvelo yokukhanya kwe-LED ekumelaneni nokucindezeleka kwezithombo zemifino

Izitshalo zithola amasiginali wokukhanya kwangaphandle ngama-photoreceptors, okubangela ukuhlanganiswa nokunqwabelana kwamangqamuzana esignali esitshalweni, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule ukukhula nokusebenza kwezitho zezitshalo, futhi ekugcineni kuthuthukise ukumelana kwesitshalo nengcindezi.Ikhwalithi yokukhanya ehlukile inomphumela othile wokukhuthaza ekuthuthukiseni ukubekezelelana okubandayo kanye nokubekezelela usawoti wezithombo.Isibonelo, lapho izithombo zikatamatisi zengezwa ngokukhanya amahora angu-4 ebusuku, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa ngaphandle kokukhanya okungeziwe, ukukhanya okumhlophe, ukukhanya okubomvu, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunganciphisa amandla e-electrolyte kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-MDA kwezithombo zikatamatisi, futhi uthuthukise ukubekezelelana okubandayo.Imisebenzi ye-SOD, i-POD kanye ne-CAT ezitshalweni zikatamatisi ngaphansi kokwelashwa kwe-8: 2 isilinganiso se-red-blue yayiphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha, futhi yayinamandla aphezulu e-antioxidant kanye nokubekezelelana okubandayo.

Umthelela we-UV-B ekukhuleni kwezimpande zikabhontshisi ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo ngokwandisa okuqukethwe kwempande NO ne-ROS, okuhlanganisa ama-molecule e-hormone afaka uphawu njenge-ABA, SA, ne-JA, futhi avimbele ukukhula kwezimpande ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-IAA. , CTK, kanye ne-GA.I-photoreceptor ye-UV-B, i-UVR8, ayibandakanyeki kuphela ekulawuleni i-photomorphogenesis, kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekucindezelekeni kwe-UV-B.Ezitshalweni zikatamatisi, i-UVR8 ilamula ukuhlanganiswa nokunqwabelana kwama-anthocyanins, futhi izithombo zikatamatisi wasendle ezijwayelene ne-UV zithuthukisa ikhono lazo lokubhekana nengcindezi ephezulu ye-UV-B.Kodwa-ke, ukujwayela kwe-UV-B ekucindezelekeni kwesomiso okubangelwa i-Arabidopsis akuncikile endleleni ye-UVR8, ekhombisa ukuthi i-UV-B isebenza njengempendulo ehambisana nesignali yezindlela zokuvikela izitshalo, ukuze amahomoni ahlukahlukene ahlangane. abathintekayo ekumelaneni nengcindezi yesomiso, okwandisa ikhono lokuqothula i-ROS.

Kokubili ukuphakama kwe-hypocotyl yesitshalo noma isiqu esibangelwa yi-FR kanye nokujwayela kwezitshalo ekucindezelekeni okubandayo kulawulwa amahomoni ezitshalo.Ngakho-ke, "umphumela wokugwema umthunzi" obangelwa i-FR uhlobene nokujwayela okubandayo kwezitshalo.Abahloli bangezelele izithombo zebhali ezinsukwini eziyi-18 ngemuva kokumila ku-15°C izinsuku eziyi-10, ziphole zibe ngu-5°C + zengeza i-FR izinsuku ezingu-7, futhi bathola ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okukhanyayo okumhlophe, i-FR ithuthukise ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezithombo zebhali.Le nqubo ihambisana nokwenyuka kwe-ABA kanye ne-IAA ezitshalweni zebhali.Ukudluliswa okulandelayo kwezithombo zebhali ezingu-15°C FR-pretreated kuya ku-5°C nokuqhubeka nokwengezwa kwe-FR izinsuku ezingu-7 kubangele imiphumela efanayo nalezi zindlela zokwelapha ezimbili ezingenhla, kodwa ngempendulo ye-ABA encishisiwe.Izitshalo ezinamavelu e-R:FR ahlukene zilawula i-biosynthesis yama-phytohormones (GA, IAA, CTK, ne-ABA), nawo abandakanyeka ekubekezeleleni usawoti wezitshalo.Ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kukasawoti, isilinganiso esiphansi se-R: imvelo yokukhanya ye-FR ingathuthukisa amandla e-antioxidant kanye ne-photosynthetic yezithombo zikatamatisi, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ROS ne-MDA ezitshalweni, futhi kuthuthukise ukubekezelelana kukasawoti.Kokubili ukucindezeleka kosawoti kanye nenani eliphansi le-R:FR (R:FR=0.8) kuvimbe i-biosynthesis ye-chlorophyll, okungenzeka ihlobane nokuguqulwa okuvinjiwe kwe-PBG kuya ku-UroIII endleleni ye-chlorophyll synthesis, kuyilapho indawo ephansi ye-R:FR ingadambisa ngempumelelo. usawoti ukonakala okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kokuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorophyll.Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kwe-phytochromes nokubekezelelana kukasawoti.

Ngaphandle kwemvelo ekhanyayo, ezinye izici zemvelo nazo zithinta ukukhula kanye nekhwalithi yezithombo zemifino.Isibonelo, ukukhuphuka kokugxilisa kwe-CO2 kuzokhuphula inani eliphakeme lokugcwala kwesibani Pn (Pnmax), kunciphise indawo yesinxephezelo sokukhanya, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kokukhanya.Ukwanda kokuqina kokukhanya kanye nokugxila kwe-CO2 kusiza ukuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwe-photosynthetic pigments, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nemisebenzi yama-enzyme ahlobene nomjikelezo weCalvin, futhi ekugcineni kufinyelele ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthetic kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-biomass kwezithombo zikatamatisi.Isisindo esomile kanye nokubumbana kwezithombo zikatamatisi kanye nopelepele kwakuhlotshaniswa kahle ne-DLI, futhi ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nakho kwaba nomthelela ekukhuleni ngaphansi kokwelashwa okufanayo kwe-DLI.Imvelo engu-23 ~ 25℃ yayifaneleka kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezithombo zikatamatisi.Ngokusho kwezimo zokushisa nokukhanya, abacwaningi bathuthukise indlela yokubikezela izinga lokukhula likapelepele ngokusekelwe kumodeli yokusabalalisa i-bate, enganikeza isiqondiso sesayensi sokulawulwa kwemvelo kokukhiqizwa kwezithombo ezifakwe upelepele.

Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama uhlelo lokulawula ukukhanya ekukhiqizeni, akufanele kucatshangelwe izici zendawo ekhanyayo kuphela nezinhlobo zezitshalo, kodwa futhi nezici zokutshala nokuphatha ezifana nokudla kwezithombo nokuphathwa kwamanzi, indawo yegesi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesigaba sokukhula kwezithombo.

4. Izinkinga nama-Outlook

Okokuqala, ukulawulwa okukhanyayo kwezithombo zemifino kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi imiphumela yezimo ezihlukene zokukhanya ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezithombo zemifino endaweni yefekthri yezitshalo kudingeka ihlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufeza umgomo wokukhiqiza izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kusungulwe uhlelo lobuchwepheshe oluvuthiwe.

Okwesibili, nakuba izinga lokusebenzisa amandla omthombo wokukhanya we-LED liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanyisa izitshalo yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu ekutshaleni izithombo kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okwenziwa.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulu kwezimboni zezitshalo kuseyingqinamba evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezitshalo.

Ekugcineni, ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kokukhanyisa kwezitshalo kwezolimo, izindleko zezibani zezitshalo ze-LED kulindeleke ukuthi zehliswe kakhulu esikhathini esizayo;ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwanda kwezindleko zabasebenzi, ikakhulukazi enkathini yangemva kobhubhane, ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi kubophezelekile ukukhuthaza inqubo yemishini kanye ne-automation yokukhiqiza.Ngokuzayo, amamodeli okulawula asekelwe kubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ekhaliphile kuzoba obunye bobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokukhiqiza izithombo zemifino, futhi kuzoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezithombo zasembonini yezitshalo.

Ababhali: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Umthombo we-athikili: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat ye-Agricultural Engineering Technology (i-greenhouse horticulture)