[Isifinyezo] Ngokusekelwe kunani elikhulu ledatha yokuhlola, lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinkinga eziningana ezibalulekile ekukhetheni ikhwalithi yokukhanya ezimbonini zezitshalo, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwemithombo yokukhanya, imiphumela yokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi, kanye nokukhethwa kwebanga le-spectral, ukuze kunikezwe ukuqonda ngekhwalithi yokukhanya ezimbonini zezitshalo. Ukunqunywa kwesu lokufanisa kunikeza izixazululo ezithile ezisebenzayo ezingasetshenziswa njengereferensi.
Ukukhethwa komthombo wokukhanya

Izimboni zezitshalo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izibani ze-LED. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izibani ze-LED zinezici zokusebenza kahle kakhulu kokukhanya, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okuncane, ukuphila isikhathi eside kanye nokukhanya okulungisekayo kanye ne-spectrum, okungeke nje kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokuqongelela izinto ezisebenzayo, kodwa futhi konge amandla, kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqizwa kokushisa kanye nogesi. Izibani ze-LED grow zingahlukaniswa kabanzi zibe izibani ze-LED ezine-single-chip wide-spectrum ngenhloso ejwayelekile, izibani ze-LED ezine-single-chip wide-spectrum plant-specific, kanye nezibani ze-LED ezine-multi-chip ezihlanganisiwe ezine-adjustable-spectrum. Intengo yezinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina zezibani ze-LED ezine-plant-specific ngokuvamile ingaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu kunezibani ze-LED ezivamile, ngakho-ke imithombo yokukhanya ehlukene kufanele ikhethwe ngokwezinjongo ezahlukene. Emafektri amakhulu ezitshalo, izinhlobo zezitshalo abazikhulisayo ziyashintsha ngokwesidingo semakethe. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokwakha futhi kungathinti kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, umbhali uncoma ukusebenzisa ama-chip e-LED ane-spectrum wide-spectrum ukuze kukhanye okuvamile njengomthombo wokukhanya. Kumafektri amancane ezitshalo, uma izinhlobo zezitshalo zizinzile, ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ngaphandle kokukhulisa kakhulu izindleko zokwakha, ama-chip e-LED e-wide-spectrum okukhanyisa okuqondene nezitshalo noma okuvamile angasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanyisa. Uma kuhloswe ukutadisha umphumela wokukhanya ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kanye nokuqongelela kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ifomula yokukhanya engcono kakhulu yokukhiqiza okukhulu esikhathini esizayo, inhlanganisela yama-chip amaningi yezibani ze-LED ze-spectrum ezilungisekayo ingasetshenziswa ukushintsha izici ezifana nokukhanya okukhulu, i-spectrum kanye nesikhathi sokukhanya ukuze kutholakale ifomula yokukhanya engcono kakhulu yesitshalo ngasinye ngaleyo ndlela kuhlinzekwe isisekelo sokukhiqiza okukhulu.

Ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ngokuphathelene nemiphumela ethile yokuhlola, lapho okuqukethwe kokukhanya okubomvu (R) kuphakeme kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (B) (ilethisi R:B = 6:2 no-7:3; isipinashi R:B = 4:1; izithombo zegourd R:B = 7:3; izithombo zekhukhamba R:B = 7:3), ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-biomass (kufaka phakathi ukuphakama kwesitshalo sengxenye yasemoyeni, indawo ephezulu yeqabunga, isisindo esisha kanye nesisindo esomile, njll.) kwakuphakeme, kodwa ububanzi besiqu kanye nenkomba eqinile yezithombo zezitshalo kwakukhulu lapho okuqukethwe kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwakuphakeme kunokukhanya okubomvu. Ngezinkomba ze-biochemical, okuqukethwe kokukhanya okubomvu okuphakeme kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuvamile kuzuzisa ekwandeni kokuqukethwe koshukela oncibilikayo ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqoqwe i-VC, iphrotheni encibilikayo, i-chlorophyll kanye nama-carotenoid ezitshalweni, kunenzuzo kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-LED okunokuqukethwe kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuphezulu kunokukhanya okubomvu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-malondialdehyde nakho kuphansi ngaphansi kwalesi simo sokukhanya.

Njengoba ifektri yezitshalo isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukutshala imifino enamaqabunga noma ukukhulisa izithombo zezimboni, kungaphethwa ngemiphumela engenhla ukuthi ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokwandisa isivuno nokucabangela ikhwalithi, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ama-LED chips anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokukhanya okubomvu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengomthombo wokukhanya. Isilinganiso esingcono yi-R:B = 7:3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso esinjalo sokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sisebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemifino enamaqabunga noma izithombo, futhi azikho izidingo ezithile zezitshalo ezahlukene.

Ukukhetha ubude be-wavelength obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis, amandla okukhanya amuncwa kakhulu yi-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa ama-spectra okumuncwa kwe-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b, lapho umugqa we-spectral oluhlaza uyi-spectral yokumuncwa kwe-chlorophyll a, kanti umugqa we-spectral oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyi-spectrum yokumuncwa kwe-chlorophyll b. Kungabonakala esithombeni ukuthi zombili i-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b zineziqongo ezimbili zokumuncwa, esinye esifundeni sokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanti esinye esifundeni sokukhanya okubomvu. Kodwa iziqongo ezimbili zokumuncwa kwe-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b zihlukile kancane. Ukuze kube nembile, ama-wavelength amabili aphezulu e-chlorophyll a angama-430 nm kanye nama-662 nm, ngokulandelana, kanti ama-wavelength amabili aphezulu e-chlorophyll b angama-453 nm kanye nama-642 nm, ngokulandelana. Lawa manani amane ama-wavelength ngeke ashintshe ngezitshalo ezahlukene, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwama-wavelength abomvu naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emthonjeni wokukhanya ngeke kushintshe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo.

Ama-spectra okumunca i-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b

Ukukhanya kwe-LED okuvamile okune-spectrum ebanzi kungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wefektri yesitshalo, inqobo nje uma ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungamboza ubude obubili be-wavelength ye-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b, okungukuthi, ububanzi be-wavelength yokukhanya okubomvu ngokuvamile bungu-620 ~ 680 nm, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ububanzi be-wavelength busukela ku-400 kuya ku-480 nm. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi be-wavelength yokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akufanele bube bubanzi kakhulu ngoba abuchithi amandla okukhanya kuphela, kodwa bungaba neminye imiphumela.

Uma kusetshenziswa isibani se-LED esakhiwe ngama-chips abomvu, aphuzi kanye naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengomthombo wokukhanya efektri yesitshalo, ubude be-peak bokukhanya okubomvu kufanele bubekwe kubude be-peak bokukhanya kwe-chlorophyll a, okungukuthi, ku-660 nm, ubude be-peak bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele bubekwe kubude be-peak bokukhanya kwe-chlorophyll b, okungukuthi ku-450 nm.

Indima yokukhanya okuphuzi nokuluhlaza

Kufaneleka kakhulu uma isilinganiso sokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka singu-R:G:B=6:1:3. Ngokuqondene nokunqunywa kobude be-peak peak yokukhanya okuluhlaza, njengoba kudlala indima yokulawula enkambisweni yokukhula kwezitshalo, kudinga kuphela ukuba phakathi kuka-530 no-550 nm.

Isifinyezo

Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngesu lokukhetha ikhwalithi yokukhanya emafektri ezitshalo kusukela kokubili ezicini zethiyori nezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kobubanzi bamaza okukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emthonjeni wokukhanya kwe-LED kanye nendima kanye nesilinganiso sokukhanya okuphuzi nokuluhlaza. Enkambisweni yokukhula kwezitshalo, ukufana okunengqondo phakathi kwezici ezintathu zokuqina kokukhanya, ikhwalithi yokukhanya nesikhathi sokukhanya, kanye nobudlelwano bazo nezakhamzimba, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-CO2 kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuphelele. Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela ukusebenzisa i-spectrum ebanzi noma ukukhanya kwe-LED okuhlanganisiwe kwe-multi-chip okulungisekayo, isilinganiso samaza okukhanya yisona esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yokukhanya, ezinye izici zingalungiswa ngesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu esigabeni sokuklama kwamafektri ezitshalo kufanele kube ukukhethwa kwekhwalithi yokukhanya.

Umbhali: Yong Xu

Umthombo wesihloko: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat yobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bezolimo (ukulima okuluhlaza okotshani)

Ireferensi: Yong Xu,Isu lokukhetha ikhwalithi elula emafektri ezitshalo [J]. Ubuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.