[Abstract]Ngokususelwe enanini elikhulu ledatha yokuhlola, lesi sihloko sidingida izindaba ezibalulekile ezimbalwa ekukhetheni ikhwalithi yokukhanya ezimbonini zezitshalo, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwemithombo yokukhanya, imiphumela yokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi, nokukhethwa kwe-spectral. ububanzi, ukuze kunikezwe imininingwane ngekhwalithi yokukhanya ezimbonini zezitshalo. Ukunqunywa kwesu lokufanisa kunikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo ezingasetshenziselwa ireferensi.
Ukukhethwa komthombo wokukhanya

Izimboni zezitshalo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izibani ze-LED. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izibani ze-LED zinezici zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu okukhanyayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ukukhiqiza ukushisa okuncane, impilo ende kanye nokuqina kokukhanya okuguquguqukayo kanye ne-spectrum, engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokuqoqwa kwempahla ephumelelayo, kodwa futhi yonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukukhiqiza ukushisa kanye nezindleko zikagesi. Amalambu okukhulisa i-LED angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe amalambu e-single-chip abanzi-spectrum e-LED ngenjongo evamile, amalambu e-single-chip plant-specific wide-spectrum ebanzi e-LED, kanye namalambu ahlanganisiwe e-LED ane-multi-chip ahlanganisiwe. Intengo yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina zezibani ze-LED eziqondene nesitshalo ngokuvamile ingaphezu kokuphindwe ka-5 kunezibani ze-LED ezijwayelekile, ngakho imithombo yokukhanya ehlukene kufanele ikhethwe ngokwezinjongo ezahlukene. Ezimbonini ezinkulu zezitshalo, izinhlobo zezitshalo abazitshalayo ziyashintsha ngokufunwa yimakethe. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokwakha futhi kungathinti kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, umbhali uncoma ukusebenzisa ama-chips e-LED ane-spectrum ebanzi ukuze kukhanye okuvamile njengomthombo wokukhanyisa. Ezimbonini ezincane zezitshalo, uma izinhlobo zezitshalo zilinganiselwe, ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu izindleko zokwakha, ama-chips e-LED ane-spectrum ebanzi okukhanyisa okuqondene nesitshalo noma okuvamile angasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanyisa. Uma kuwukufunda umphumela wokukhanya ekukhuleni kwesitshalo kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ifomula yokukhanya engcono kakhulu yokukhiqiza okukhulu esikhathini esizayo, inhlanganisela yama-multi-chip yezibani ze-spectrum eziguquguqukayo ze-LED zingasetshenziselwa ukushintsha. izici ezifana nokuqina kokukhanya, i-spectrum nesikhathi sokukhanya ukuze kutholwe ifomula yokukhanya engcono kakhulu yesitshalo ngasinye ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze isisekelo sokukhiqiza okukhulu.

Ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Mayelana nemiphumela ethile yokuhlola, lapho okuqukethwe ukukhanya okubomvu (R) kuphakeme kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (B) (ulethisi R:B = 6:2 kanye no-7:3; isipinashi R:B = 4: 1; izithombo zomhlakuva R:B = 7:3 izithombo zekhukhamba R:B = 7:3), ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-biomass (kuhlanganise nobude besitshalo bengxenye yasemoyeni, indawo enkulu yeqabunga, isisindo esisha kanye nesisindo esomile; , njll.) zaziphakeme, kodwa ububanzi besiqu kanye nenkomba yezithombo eqinile yezitshalo bekukukhudlwana lapho okuqukethwe kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphezulu kunokukhanya okubomvu. Ngezinkomba ze-biochemical, okuqukethwe kokukhanya okubomvu okuphezulu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuvamile kunenzuzo ekwandeni kokuqukethwe ushukela oncibilikayo ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, ekuqoqweni kwe-VC, amaprotheni ancibilikayo, i-chlorophyll kanye ne-carotenoids ezitshalweni, kunenzuzo kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-LED ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokukhanya okubomvu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-malondialdehyde nakho kuphansi kakhulu ngaphansi kwalesi simo sokukhanyisa.

Njengoba imboni yezitshalo isetshenziselwa ukutshala imifino enamaqabunga noma ukukhuphula izithombo zezimboni, kungaphethwa ngemiphumela engenhla ukuthi ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokwandisa isivuno nokucabangela ikhwalithi, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ama-chips e-LED anobomvu obuphezulu. okuqukethwe okukhanyayo kunokukhanya okuluhlaza njengomthombo wokukhanya. Isilinganiso esingcono ngu-R:B = 7:3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso esinjalo sokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuyisisekelo sisebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemifino enamahlamvu noma izithombo, futhi azikho izidingo eziqondile zezitshalo ezahlukene.

Ukukhetha ubude begagasi obubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis, amandla okukhanya amuncwa kakhulu nge-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b. Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa i-spectra yokumunca ye-chlorophyll a ne-chlorophyll b, lapho umugqa we-spectral oluhlaza uwu-spectrum wokumunca we-chlorophyll a, futhi umugqa we-spectral oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uwububanzi bokumuncwa kwe-chlorophyll b. Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi kokubili i-chlorophyll a ne-chlorophyll b zineziqongo ezimbili zokumunca, eyodwa isendaweni yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanti enye isendaweni yokukhanya okubomvu. Kodwa iziqongo zokumunca ezi-2 ze-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b zihluke kancane. Ukunemba, amaza amaza aphakeme amabili e-chlorophyll a angama-430 nm no-662 nm, ngokulandelana, kanye namaza aphezulu amabili e-chlorophyll b angama-453 nm no-642 nm, ngokulandelana. Lawa manani amane wamaza ngeke ashintshe nezitshalo ezahlukene, ngakho ukukhethwa kwamaza abomvu naluhlaza emthonjeni wokukhanya ngeke kushintshe ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukene.

I-spectra yokumuncwa kwe-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED okujwayelekile okunobubanzi obubanzi kungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wefekthri yezitshalo, inqobo nje uma ukukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungavala amaza amaza aphakeme amabili e-chlorophyll a kanye ne-chlorophyll b, okungukuthi, ububanzi beza beza bokukhanya okubomvu. ngokuvamile ingu-620~680 nm, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Ububanzi be-wavelength busuka ku-400 ukuya ku-480 nm. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi be-wavelength bokukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza akumele bube banzi kakhulu ngoba abuchithi nje amandla okukhanya kuphela, kodwa bungase bube neminye imithelela.

Uma ukukhanya kwe-LED okuhlanganiswe nama-chips abomvu, aphuzi naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya wefekthri yezitshalo, ubude begagasi obuphakeme bokukhanya okubomvu kufanele bumiswe bufike kubude obuphakeme be-wavelength be-chlorophyll a, okungukuthi, ku-660 nm, ukuphakama kwamaza okuphakama. ukukhanya okuluhlaza kufanele kubekwe kubude beza obuphakeme be-chlorophyll b, okungukuthi ku-450 nm.

Indima yokukhanya okuphuzi nokuluhlaza

Ifaneleka kakhulu uma isilinganiso sokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani nokuluhlaza singu-R:G:B=6:1:3. Ngokuqondene nokunqunywa kwe-wavelength yokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya okuluhlaza, njengoba idlala indima yokulawula enqubweni yokukhula kwezitshalo, idinga kuphela ukuba phakathi kuka-530 no-550 nm.

Isifinyezo

Lesi sihloko sidingida isu lokukhetha lekhwalithi yokukhanya ezimbonini zezitshalo kusukela kuzo zombili izici zethiyori nezokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kohlu lwamaza okukhanya okubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emthonjeni wokukhanya we-LED kanye nendima nesilinganiso sokukhanya okuphuzi nokuluhlaza. Enqubweni yokukhula kwezitshalo, ukufanelana okunengqondo phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zokuqina kokukhanya, izinga lokukhanya nesikhathi sokukhanya, kanye nobudlelwano bazo nezakhamzimba, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kanye nokugxila kwe-CO2 nakho kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Ngokukhiqizwa kwangempela, noma ngabe uhlela ukusebenzisa i-spectrum ebanzi noma inhlanganisela yama-multi-chip inhlanganisela yokukhanya kwe-spectrum ye-LED, isilinganiso samaza amaza siwukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko, ngoba ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yokukhanya, ezinye izici zingalungiswa ngesikhathi sangempela phakathi nokusebenza . Ngakho-ke, ukucatshangelwa okubaluleke kakhulu esigabeni sokuklama sezimboni zezitshalo kufanele kube ukukhethwa kwekhwalithi yokukhanya.

Umbhali: Yong Xu

Umthombo we-athikili: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat ye-Agricultural Engineering Technology (i-greenhouse horticulture)

Ireferensi: Yong Xu,Isu lokukhetha ikhwalithi ekhanyayo ezimbonini zezitshalo [J]. I-Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.