“Umehluko phakathi kwefekthri yezitshalo nengadi yendabuko inkululeko yokukhiqiza ukudla okusha okutshalwe endaweni ngesikhathi nasemkhathini.”

Ngokombono, okwamanje, kunokudla okwanele emhlabeni okondla abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12, kodwa indlela ukudla okusakazwa ngayo emhlabeni wonke ayiphumeleli futhi ayinakusimama. Ukudla kuthunyelwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, impilo yeshalofu noma ubusha ngokuvamile kuncipha kakhulu, futhi kuhlale kunenani elikhulu lokudla okufanele kumoshwe.

Imboni yezitshalokuyisinyathelo esibheke esimweni esisha-kungakhathaleki isimo sezulu nezimo zangaphandle, kungenzeka ukulima ukudla okusha okukhiqizwe endaweni unyaka wonke, futhi kungase kushintshe ngisho nobuso bemboni yokudla.

UFred Ruijgt ovela eMnyangweni Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemakethe Yokulima Kwangaphakathi, iPriva

"Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudinga indlela ehlukile yokucabanga." Ukutshalwa kwefekthri kwezitshalo kuhlukile ekutshalweni kwe-greenhouse ezicini eziningana. NgokukaFred Ruijgt ovela eMnyangweni Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemakethe Yokulima Kwangaphakathi, i-Priva, “E-automated glasshouse greenhouse, kufanele ubhekane namathonya ahlukahlukene angaphandle, njengomoya, imvula nokukhanya kwelanga, futhi udinga ukuphatha lezi ziguquguquko ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, abalimi kumele bahlale benza imisebenzi ethile edingekayo ukuze isimo sezulu sizinzile ukuze sikhule. Imboni yezitshalo ingakha izimo zezulu ezingcono kakhulu eziqhubekayo. Kukumlimi ukuthi anqume izimo zokukhula, kusukela ekukhanyeni kuye emoyeni.”

Qhathanisa ama-apula namawolintshi

NgokukaFred, abatshalizimali abaningi bazama ukuqhathanisa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo nokutshalwa kwendabuko. “Mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokwenza inzuzo, kunzima ukukuqhathanisa,” usho kanje. “Kufana nokuqhathanisa ama-apula namawolintshi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokutshala nokulima ngendlela evamile ezimbonini zezitshalo, kodwa awukwazi ukumane ubale imitha yesikwele ngayinye, ngokuqhathanisa ngokuqondile izindlela ezimbili zokutshala. Ukuze kutshalwe i-greenhouse, kufanele ucabangele umjikelezo wezitshalo, izinyanga ongavuna ngazo, nokuthi unganikeza nini amakhasimende. Ngokulima efekthri yezitshalo, ungafinyelela ukunikezwa kwezitshalo unyaka wonke, udale amathuba amaningi okufinyelela izivumelwano zokuhlinzeka namakhasimende. Yebo, udinga ukutshala imali. Ukutshalwa kwefekthri yezitshalo kunikeza amathuba athile okuthuthukiswa okusimeme, ngoba lolu hlobo lwendlela yokulima lungonga amanzi amaningi, izakhi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zendabuko, izimboni zezitshalo zidinga izibani zokwenziwa ezengeziwe, njengokukhanyisa kwe-LED. Ukwengeza, isimo sochungechunge lwezimboni njengendawo yendawo namandla okuthengisa asendaweni nawo kufanele asetshenziswe njengezici zenkomba. Phela, kwamanye amazwe, izindlu zokugcina izithombo zendabuko aziyona inketho. Ngokwesibonelo, eNetherlands, izindleko zokutshala imikhiqizo emisha epulazini elimile embonini yezitshalo zingase ziphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunezokugcina ukushisa. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala ngokwesiko kunemigudu yokuthengisa engokwesiko njengendali, abadayisi nemifelandawonye. Lokhu akunjalo ekutshalweni kwezitshalo-kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni futhi ubambisane nalo.

Ukuvikeleka kokudla kanye nokuphepha kokudla

Asikho isiteshi sokuthengisa esivamile sokutshalwa kwemboni yezitshalo, okuyisici saso esikhethekile. “Izimboni zezitshalo zihlanzekile futhi azinazo izibulala-zinambuzane, okunquma izinga eliphezulu lemikhiqizo nokuhleleka kokukhiqiza. Amapulazi aqondile nawo angakhiwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, futhi abathengi bangathola imikhiqizo emisha, etshalwe endaweni. Imikhiqizo ivamise ukuthuthwa isuka epulazini iqonde ngqo endaweni yokuthengisa, njengesitolo esikhulu. Lokhu kufinyeza kakhulu indlela nesikhathi sokuthi umkhiqizo ufinyelele kumthengi.”

Amapulazi aqondile angakhiwa noma kuphi emhlabeni futhi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenazo izimo zokwakha izindlu zokugcina izithombo. UFred wanezela: “Ngokwesibonelo, eSingapore, azisekho izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezingakhiwa manje ngoba ayikho indawo yokulima noma yokulima. Kulokhu, ipulazi lasendlini eliqondile linikeza isisombululo ngoba lingakhiwa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhona. Lokhu kuyindlela ephumelelayo nengenzeka, enciphisa kakhulu ukuncika ekuthengeni ukudla kwamanye amazwe.”

Kwenziwa kubathengi

Lobu buchwepheshe buqinisekisiwe kwamanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu okutshala aqondile ezimboni zezitshalo. Pho, kungani lolu hlobo lwendlela yokutshala lungakadumi kakhulu? Kuchaza uFred. “Manje, amapulazi amile ahlanganiswe kakhulu nezitolo ezikhona. Isidingo ikakhulukazi siqhamuka ezindaweni ezineholo elimaphakathi. Uchungechunge lwezitolo olukhona lunombono-bafuna ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eseqophelweni eliphezulu, ngakho bakulokhu Ukutshalwa kwezimali kunengqondo. Kodwa abathengi bazokhokha malini ngolethisi omusha? Uma abathengi beqala ukwazisa ukudla okusha nokusezingeni eliphezulu, osomabhizinisi bazozimisela kakhulu ukutshala imali ezindleleni zokukhiqiza ukudla ezisimeme.”
Umthombo we-athikili: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat ye-Agricultural Engineering Technology (i-greenhouse horticulture)