IGreenhouse Horticultural engineering Technology 2022-12-02 17:30 ishicilelwe e-Beijing

Ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga ezindaweni ezingalinyiwe ezifana nogwadule, iGobi kanye nomhlaba oyisihlabathi kuxazulule ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana phakathi kokudla nemifino eqhudelana nomhlaba.Kungesinye sezici ezinqumayo zezemvelo zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zokushisa, okuvame ukunquma impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezibamba ukushisa.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga ezindaweni ezingalinyiwe, kufanele siqale sixazulule inkinga yokushisa kwemvelo yezindawo zokugcina izithombo.Kulesi sihloko, izindlela zokulawula izinga lokushisa ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezingalinyiwe eminyakeni yamuva zifingqiwe, futhi izinkinga ezikhona kanye nesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokushisa nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezindaweni ezingalinyiwe ze-solar zihlaziywa futhi zifingqiwe.

I-China inabantu abaningi kanye nezinsiza zomhlaba ezitholakala kancane.Ngaphezu kwama-85% wemithombo yomhlaba ayinsimu engalinywa, egxile kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina.Umbhalo No.1 weKomidi Eliyinhloko ngo-2022 waveza ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhungo sezolimo kufanele kusheshiswe, futhi ngesisekelo sokuvikela imvelo, umhlaba ongenamuntu oxhashazwayo kanye nenkangala kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yezolimo.I-Northwest China icebile ogwadule, i-Gobi, i-wasteland nezinye izinsiza zomhlaba ezingalinyiwe kanye nezinsiza zokukhanya kwemvelo nokushisa, ezifanele ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhungo sezolimo.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yomhlaba engalinyiwe ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zomhlaba ezingalinyiwe kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kokudla kuzwelonke kanye nokuqeda izingxabano zokusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Njengamanje, i-greenhouse yelanga engatshalwanga iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo okuphumelelayo endaweni engalinywa.Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina, umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa ebusuku ebusika liphansi, okuvame ukuholela esimweni sokuthi izinga lokushisa elincane lasendlini liphansi kunezinga lokushisa elidingekayo ekukhuleni okuvamile nokuthuthuka. izitshalo.Izinga lokushisa lingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zemvelo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo.Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lizonciphisa ukusabela komzimba kanye ne-biochemical yezitshalo futhi kubambezele ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo.Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kunomkhawulo izitshalo ezingawuthwala, lokho kuzoholela ekulimaleni okungamaqhwa.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ekukhuleni okuvamile nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo.Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele le-solar greenhouse, akuyona isilinganiso esisodwa esingaxazululwa.Idinga ukuqinisekiswa kusukela ezicini zokuklanywa kwe-greenhouse, ukwakhiwa, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukulawulwa kanye nokuphathwa kwansuku zonke.Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sizofingqa isimo socwaningo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingatshalwa eChina eminyakeni yamuva kusukela ezicini zokuklama nokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse, ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nezinyathelo zokufudumala nokuphathwa kwemvelo, ukuze kunikezwe inkomba ehlelekile ukwakheka okuphusile kanye nokuphathwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingalinyiwe.

Isakhiwo se-greenhouse nezinto zokwakha

Imvelo eshisayo ye-greenhouse ikakhulukazi incike ekudluliseni, ekungeneni nasekugcineni umthamo we-greenhouse emisebeni yelanga, ehlobene nomklamo onengqondo we-greenhouse orientation, ukuma kanye nempahla yendawo yokudlulisa ukukhanya, isakhiwo kanye nempahla yodonga nophahla lwangemuva, ukufakwa kwesisekelo, usayizi we-greenhouse, imodi yokushisa ebusuku kanye nempahla yophahla lwangaphambili, njll., futhi ihlobene nokuthi inqubo yokwakha nokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse ingaqinisekisa ukufezeka ngempumelelo kwezidingo zokuklama.

Umthamo wokudlulisa ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili

Amandla amakhulu ku-greenhouse avela elangeni.Ukwandisa amandla okudlulisa ukukhanya ophahleni lwangaphambili kunenzuzo ku-greenhouse ukuthola ukushisa okwengeziwe, futhi kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa imvelo yokushisa ye-greenhouse ebusika.Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwandisa umthamo wokudlulisa ukukhanya kanye nesikhathi sokwamukela ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse.

01 klama i-greenhouse orientation enengqondo kanye ne-azimuth

Ukuma kwe-greenhouse kuthinta ukusebenza kokukhanyisa kwe-greenhouse kanye nomthamo wokugcina ukushisa we-greenhouse.Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole isitoreji esiningi sokushisa ku-greenhouse, ukuqondiswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingalinyiwe enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina kubheke eningizimu.Ukuze uthole i-azimuth ethize ye-greenhouse, lapho ukhetha eningizimu kuya empumalanga, kunenzuzo "ukubamba ilanga", futhi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi likhuphuka ngokushesha ekuseni;Lapho kukhethwa eningizimu kuya entshonalanga, kuyazuzisa ukuthi i-greenhouse isebenzise ukukhanya kwantambama.Isiqondiso saseningizimu siwukuvumelana phakathi kwezimo ezimbili ezingenhla.Ngokolwazi lwe-geophysics, umhlaba uzungeza u-360° ngosuku, futhi i-azimuth yelanga ihamba cishe ngo-1° njalo emizuzwini emine.Ngakho-ke, njalo lapho i-azimuth ye-greenhouse ihluka ngo-1 °, isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga esiqondile sizohluka cishe ngemizuzu emi-4, okungukuthi, i-azimuth ye-greenhouse ithinta isikhathi lapho i-greenhouse ibona ukukhanya ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Lapho amahora okukhanya ekuseni nantambama elingana, futhi impumalanga noma entshonalanga i-engeli efanayo, i-greenhouse izothola amahora okukhanya afanayo.Kodwa-ke, endaweni esenyakatho ye-latitude engu-37° enyakatho, izinga lokushisa liphansi ekuseni, futhi isikhathi sokwembulwa kwe-quilt sephuzile, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu ntambama nakusihlwa, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubambezela isikhathi ukuvala i-quilt ye-thermal insulation.Ngakho-ke, lezi zindawo kufanele zikhethe eningizimu kuya entshonalanga futhi zisebenzise ngokugcwele ukukhanya kwantambama.Ezindaweni ezine-latitude engu-30°~35° enyakatho, ngenxa yezimo ezingcono zokukhanyisa ekuseni, isikhathi sokugcina ukushisa nokwembulwa kwekhava nakho kungathuthukiswa.Ngakho-ke, lezi zindawo kufanele zikhethe isiqondiso esiseningizimu-ngasempumalanga ukuze silwele ukuthola imisebe yelanga yasekuseni ye-greenhouse.Kodwa-ke, endaweni ye-35 ° ~ 37 ° latitude enyakatho, kukhona umehluko omncane emisebeni yelanga ekuseni nantambama, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhetha isiqondiso esifanele eningizimu.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iseningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, i-engeli yokuchezuka ngokuvamile ingu-5° ~8°, futhi umkhawulo akumele udlule u-10°.I-Northwest China ilele kububanzi obungu-37°~50° enyakatho, ngakho i-azimuth angle yegreenhouse ngokuvamile isuka eningizimu iye entshonalanga.Ngenxa yalokhu, i-greenhouse yokukhanya kwelanga eklanywe ngu-Zhang Jingshe njll endaweni yase-Taiyuan ikhethe ukuqondiswa kwe-5 ° ukuya entshonalanga eningizimu, i-sunlight greenhouse eyakhiwe ngu-Chang Meimei njll endaweni ye-Gobi ye-Hexi Corridor yamukele ukuma. ka-5° kuya ku-10° entshonalanga eningizimu, kanye ne-sunlight greenhouse eyakhiwe ngu-Ma Zhigui njll enyakatho ye-Xinjiang yamukele umumo ongu-8° ukuya entshonalanga eningizimu.

02 Dala ukwakheka kophahla lwangaphambili olufanele kanye ne-engeli yokuthambekela

Ukuma nokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili kunquma i-engeli yesigameko yemisebe yelanga.Uma i-engeli yesigameko incane, i-engeli yesigameko inkulu kakhulu.I-Sun Juren ikholelwa ukuthi ukuma kophahla lwangaphambili kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko isilinganiso sobude bokukhanya okuyinhloko kanye nomthambeko ongemuva.Umthambeka omude wangaphambili kanye nomthambeka omfushane ongemuva kuyinzuzo ekukhanyeni nasekulondolozeni ukushisa kophahla lwangaphambili.U-Chen Wei-Qian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi uphahla oluyinhloko lokukhanyisa lwe-solar greenhouse esetshenziswa endaweni ye-Gobi luthatha i-arc eyindilinga ene-radius engu-4.5m, engakwazi ukumelana ngokuphumelelayo nokubanda.U-Zhang Jingshe, njll. bacabanga ukuthi kufaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-semi-circular arch ophahleni lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse ezindaweni ze-alpine kanye ne-latitude ephezulu.Ngokuqondene ne-angle yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, ngokwezici zokudlulisa ukukhanya kwefilimu yepulasitiki, lapho i-angle yesigameko ingu-0 ~ 40 °, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kophahla lwangaphambili kuya ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuncane, futhi uma kudlula i-40 °, reflectivity ikhula kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, i-40 ° ithathwa njenge-angle enkulu yesigameko ukubala i-angle yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, ukuze ngisho nasebusika be-solstice, imisebe yelanga ingangena endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu.Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama i-greenhouse yelanga efanelekile ezindaweni ezingalinyiwe eWuhai, Inner Mongolia, u-He Bin nabanye babala i-angle yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili nge-angle yesigameko engu-40 °, futhi bacabanga ukuthi inqobo nje uma inkulu kune-30. °, ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhanya kwe-greenhouse nokugcina ukushisa.U-Zhang Caihong nabanye bacabanga ukuthi lapho kwakhiwa izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezingalinyiwe zase-Xinjiang, i-engeli yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili lwezindlu ezibamba ukushisa eningizimu ye-Xinjiang ingu-31°, kuyilapho enyakatho ye-Xinjiang ingu-32°~33.5°.

03 Khetha izinto zokumboza ezisobala ezifanele.

Ngaphandle kwethonya lezimo zemisebe yelanga yangaphandle, izici ezibonakalayo kanye nezici zokudlulisa ukukhanya kwefilimu ebamba ukushisa nazo ziyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta indawo yokukhanya nokushisa kwe-greenhouse.Njengamanje, ukudluliswa kokukhanya kwamafilimu epulasitiki afana ne-PE, i-PVC, i-EVA ne-PO kuhlukile ngenxa yezinto ezihlukene nobukhulu befilimu.Ngokuvamile, ukudluliswa kokukhanya kwamafilimu asetshenziswe iminyaka engu-1-3 kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi angaphezulu kwama-88% ewonke, okufanele akhethwe ngokuya ngesidingo sezitshalo zokukhanya nezinga lokushisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kokudluliswa kokukhanya ku-greenhouse, ukusatshalaliswa kwemvelo yokukhanya ku-greenhouse nakho kuyisici abantu abasinaka kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinto ezimboza ukukhanya zokudlulisa ukukhanya ngokukhanya okuhlakazekayo okuthuthukisiwe kuye kwaqashelwa kakhulu yimboni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemisebe yelanga enamandla enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina.Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu yokukhanya ehlakazekayo ethuthukisiwe kwehlise umphumela wokufiphaza phezulu naphansi kwe-canopy yesitshalo, kwakhulisa ukukhanya phakathi nezingxenye eziphansi ze-canopy yezitshalo, kwathuthukisa izici ze-photosynthetic zaso sonke isitshalo, futhi kwabonisa umphumela omuhle wokuthuthukisa. ukukhula nokwanda kokukhiqizwa.

Umklamo onengqondo wosayizi we-greenhouse

Ubude be-greenhouse bude kakhulu noma bufushane kakhulu, okuzothinta ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphakathi.Lapho ubude be-greenhouse bufushane kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuphuma nokushona kwelanga, indawo enomthunzi ngasempumalanga nasentshonalanga yinkulu, engahambisani nokufudumala kwe-greenhouse, futhi ngenxa yomthamo wayo omncane, izothinta inhlabathi yasendlini nodonga. ukumuncwa kanye nokukhululwa kokushisa.Uma ubude bukhulu kakhulu, kuba nzima ukulawula izinga lokushisa lasendlini, futhi kuzothinta ukuqina kwesakhiwo se-greenhouse kanye nokucushwa komshini wokugoqa we-quilt wokulondoloza ukushisa.Ukuphakama nobude be-greenhouse kuthinta ngqo ukukhanya kwemini kophahla lwangaphambili, ubukhulu besikhala sokushisa kanye nesilinganiso sokushisa.Lapho isikhathi nobude be-greenhouse kulungiswa, ukwandisa ukuphakama kwe-greenhouse kungakhuphula i-angle yokukhanyisa ophahleni lwangaphambili ngokombono wemvelo yokukhanya, okulungele ukudluliswa kokukhanya;Kusukela ekubukeni kwendawo eshisayo, ukuphakama kodonga kuyanda, futhi indawo yokugcina ukushisa yodonga lwangemuva iyanda, okuzuzisa ukugcinwa kokushisa nokukhululwa kokushisa kodonga olungemuva.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhala sikhulu, izinga lokushisa lomthamo nalo likhulu, futhi indawo eshisayo ye-greenhouse izinzile.Yiqiniso, ukwandisa ukuphakama kwe-greenhouse kuzokwandisa izindleko ze-greenhouse, okudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele.Ngakho-ke, lapho siklama i-greenhouse, kufanele sikhethe ubude obufanele, ubude nobude ngokuya ngezimo zendawo.Isibonelo, u-Zhang Caihong nabanye bacabanga ukuthi enyakatho ye-Xinjiang, ubude be-greenhouse bungama-50 ~ 80m, ububanzi bungu-7m nokuphakama kwe-greenhouse buyi-3.9m, kanti eningizimu ye-Xinjiang, ubude be-greenhouse bungama-50 ~ 80m, ububanzi bungu-8m kanti ukuphakama kwe-greenhouse kungu-3.6 ~ 4.0m;Kuphinde kucatshangelwe ukuthi ubude be-greenhouse akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-7m, futhi uma ubude bungu-8m, umphumela wokulondoloza ukushisa ungcono kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Chen Weiqian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi ubude, ubude nobude be-solar greenhouse kufanele kube ngu-80m, 8~10m kanye no-3.8 ~ 4.2m ngokulandelanayo lapho kwakhiwa endaweni yaseGobi eJiuquan, eGansu.

Thuthukisa indawo yokugcina ukushisa kanye namandla okufaka odongeni

Emini, udonga luqongelela ukushisa ngokumunca imisebe yelanga nokushisa komoya othile osendlini.Ebusuku, lapho izinga lokushisa lasendlini liphansi kunezinga lokushisa odongeni, udonga luzokhulula kancane ukushisa ukushisa ukushisa.Njengomzimba oyinhloko wokugcina ukushisa kwe-greenhouse, udonga lungathuthukisa kakhulu indawo yokushisa yasendlini yasebusuku ngokuthuthukisa umthamo wayo wokugcina ukushisa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wokushisa oshisayo odongeni uyisisekelo sokuzinza kwendawo yokushisa eshisayo.Njengamanje, kunezindlela eziningana zokuthuthukisa isitoreji sokushisa kanye nomthamo wokushisa wezindonga.

01 klama isakhiwo sodonga esinengqondo

Umsebenzi wodonga ngokuyinhloko uhlanganisa ukugcinwa kokushisa nokugcinwa kokushisa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindonga eziningi ze-greenhouse nazo zisebenza njengamalungu athwala imithwalo ukuze asekele i-truss yophahla.Ngokombono wokuthola indawo enhle yokushisa, isakhiwo sodonga esinengqondo kufanele sibe namandla okugcina ukushisa okwanele ohlangothini lwangaphakathi kanye nomthamo okwanele wokulondoloza ukushisa ohlangothini olungaphandle, kuyilapho kunciphisa amabhuloho abandayo angadingekile.Ocwaningweni lokugcinwa kokushisa nokufakwa odongeni, i-Bao Encai nabanye baklame udonga oluqinile lokugcina ukushisa kwesihlabathi endaweni ewugwadule yaseWuhai, Inner Mongolia.Isitini esinezimbotshana sasisetshenziswa njengongqimba olufakwa ngaphandle futhi isihlabathi esiqinile sasisetshenziswa njengongqimba lokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi.Ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lingafinyelela ku-13.7℃ ngezinsuku ezinelanga.U-Ma Yuehong njll. uklame udonga oluhlanganisiwe lwegobolondo likakolweni lwebhulokhi esenyakatho ye-Xinjiang, lapho i-quicklime igcwaliswa ngamabhulokhi odaka njengongqimba lwesitoreji sokushisa kanye nezikhwama ze-slag zipakishwe ngaphandle njengongqimba olufakwa ngaphakathi.Udonga lwebhulokhi engenalutho oluklanywe u-Zhao Peng, njll. endaweni yakwa-Gobi esifundazweni sase-Gansu, lisebenzisa ibhodi le-benzene eliwugqinsi elingu-100mm njengongqimba lwe-insulation ngaphandle nesihlabathi nesitini esingenalutho njengongqimba lokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi.Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ebusika lingaphezulu kuka-10℃ ebusuku, futhi i-Chai Regeneration, njll. iphinde isebenzise isihlabathi namatshe njengongqimba olufakwayo kanye nongqimba lokugcina ukushisa odongeni endaweni yaseGobi esifundazweni sase-Gansu.Mayelana nokunciphisa amabhuloho abandayo, u-Yan Junyue njll uklame udonga lwasemuva oluhlanganisiwe olulula nolwenziwe lula, olungathuthukisi nje kuphela ukumelana nokushisa kodonga, kodwa futhi lwathuthukisa indawo yokuvala odongeni ngokunamathisela ibhodi le-polystyrene ngaphandle ngemuva. udonga;U-Wu Letian njll. setha indandatho kakhonkolo eqinisiwe ngaphezu kwesisekelo sodonga lwe-greenhouse, futhi wasebenzisa isitembu sesitini se-trapezoidal ngenhla nje kwe-ring to support uphahla olungemuva, okuxazulule inkinga yokuthi kulula ukuqhekeka nokuncipha kwesisekelo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo e-Hotian, Xinjiang, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinta ukwahlukanisa ezishisayo zokugcina izithombo.

02 Khetha ukugcinwa kokushisa okufanelekile kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukushisa.

Ukugcinwa kokushisa nomphumela wokushisa odongeni kuncike kuqala ekukhethweni kwezinto.Ehlane elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, i-Gobi, umhlaba oyisihlabathi nezinye izindawo, ngokwezimo zesayithi, abacwaningi bathatha izinto zendawo futhi benza imizamo enesibindi yokuklama izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezindonga zasemuva zezindlu zokugcina izithombo zelanga.Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uZhang Guosen nabanye bakha izindlu zokugcina izithombo endaweni yesihlabathi namatshe eGansu, isihlabathi namatshe kwasetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina ukushisa kanye nezingqimba zokuvikela ezindongeni;Ngokwezici ze-Gobi nogwadule enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-China, u-Zhao Peng udizayine uhlobo lodonga lwebhulokhi elingenalutho elinetshe lesanti kanye nebhulokhi elingenalutho njengezisetshenziswa.Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lasebusuku lasendlini lingaphezu kuka-10℃.Ngenxa yokushoda kwezinto zokwakha njengezitini nobumba esifundeni saseGobi enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina, uZhou Changji nabanye bathola ukuthi izindawo zokugcina izithombo zendawo zivame ukusebenzisa amatshe odongeni lapho ziphenya izindlu ezibamba ukushisa kwelanga esifundeni saseGobi eKizilsu Kirgiz, eXinjiang.Uma kubhekwa ukusebenza okushisayo kanye namandla emishini yetshe eliphansi, i-greenhouse eyakhiwe ngamatshe iyasebenza kahle ngokugcina ukushisa, ukugcina ukushisa kanye nokuthwala umthwalo.Ngokufanayo, uZhang Yong, njll. futhi basebenzisa amatshe njengezinto eziyinhloko odongeni, futhi baklama udonga oluzimele lwetshe lokugcina ukushisa elingemuva eShanxi nakwezinye izindawo.Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi umphumela wokugcina ukushisa muhle.U-Zhang njll. uklame uhlobo lodonga lwetshe lesanti ngokwezici zendawo yaseGobi esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, olungakhuphula izinga lokushisa lasendlini ngo-2.5℃.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMa Yuehong nabanye bahlola amandla okugcina ukushisa odongeni lwesihlabathi olugcwele vimba, udonga oluvimbayo nodonga lwezitini eHotian, eXinjiang.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi udonga lwesihlabathi olugcwele vimba lwalunamandla amakhulu okugcina ukushisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwesitoreji sokushisa odongeni, abacwaningi bathuthukisa ngenkuthalo izinto ezintsha zokugcina ukushisa kanye nobuchwepheshe.Isibonelo, i-Bao Encai ihlongoze i-ejenti yokuguqulwa kwesigaba, engasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa umthamo wokugcina ukushisa odongeni olungemuva lwe-solar greenhouse ezindaweni ezingalinyiwe ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga.Njengokuhlolwa kwezinto zasendaweni, i-haystack, i-slag, ibhodi le-benzene notshani nakho kuyasetshenziswa njengezinto zodonga, kodwa lezi zinto ngokuvamile zinomsebenzi wokulondoloza ukushisa kuphela futhi azinawo amandla okugcina ukushisa.Ngokuvamile, izindonga ezigcwele amatshe namabhulokhi zinesitoreji esihle sokushisa kanye nomthamo wokushisa.

03 Khulisa ngokufanelekile ukujiya kodonga

Ngokuvamile, ukumelana nokushisa kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa ukusebenza kokushisa okushisayo odongeni, futhi isici esithinta ukumelana nokushisa ukushuba kwesendlalelo sezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kwe-thermal conductivity yento.Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo sokukhetha izinto ezifanele zokushisa ezishisayo, ukwandisa ngokufanele ukushuba kodonga kungandisa ukumelana nokushisa odongeni futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa ukushisa odongeni, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulise ukufakwa okushisayo nokugcinwa kokushisa kodonga futhi i-greenhouse yonke.Isibonelo, e-Gansu nakwezinye izindawo, ukujiya okumaphakathi kodonga lwe-sandbag eDolobheni lase-Zhangye kungu-2.6m, kanti udonga lwamatshe odaka eDolobheni lase-Jiuquan luyi-3.7m.Uma udonga lushubile, luba lukhulu ukufakwa kwalo okushisayo kanye nomthamo wokugcina ukushisa.Kodwa-ke, izindonga eziwugqinsi kakhulu zizokwandisa ukusebenza komhlaba kanye nezindleko zokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse.Ngakho-ke, ngokombono wokuthuthukisa umthamo wokushisa oshisayo, kufanele futhi sibeke kuqala ekukhetheni izinto ezishisayo zokushisa eziphezulu ezine-conductivity ephansi yokushisa, njenge-polystyrene, i-polyurethane nezinye izinto, bese ukwandisa ukushuba ngendlela efanele.

Umklamo onengqondo wophahla lwangemuva

Ukuze kuklanywe uphahla olungemuva, ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko akukona ukubangela ithonya le-shading nokuthuthukisa umthamo wokushisa oshisayo.Ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya le-shading ophahleni olungemuva, ukumiswa kwe-angle yayo yokuthambekela ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi uphahla olungemuva lungathola ilanga eliqondile emini lapho izitshalo zitshalwa futhi zikhiqizwa.Ngakho-ke, i-engeli yokuphakama yophahla olungemuva ngokuvamile ikhethwa ukuthi ibe ngcono kune-engeli yendawo yokuphakama kwelanga yelanga lasebusika elingu-7°~8°.Isibonelo, u-Zhang Caihong nabanye bacabanga ukuthi lapho bakha izindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga e-Gobi nasezindaweni ezinosawoti-alkali e-Xinjiang, ubude obuqageliwe bophahla olungemuva bungu-1.6m, ngakho-ke i-engeli yokuthambekela kophahla olungemuva ngu-40° eningizimu ye-Xinjiang futhi 45° enyakatho ye-Xinjiang.U-Chen Wei-Qian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi uphahla olungemuva lwe-solar greenhouse endaweni yaseJiuquan Gobi kufanele luthambekele ku-40 °.Ukuze kufakwe ukushisa okushisayo ophahleni olungemuva, umthamo wokushisa oshisayo kufanele uqinisekiswe ikakhulukazi ekukhethweni kwezinto zokushisa ezishisayo, umklamo wokuqina odingekayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-lap okunengqondo kwezinto zokushisa ezishisayo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.

Yehlisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwenhlabathi

Ebusuku basebusika, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lenhlabathi yasendlini liphakeme kunenhlabathi yangaphandle, ukushisa kwenhlabathi yasendlini kuzodluliselwa ngaphandle ngokuqhutshwa kokushisa, okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okushisa.Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwenhlabathi.

01 ukufakwa kwenhlabathi

Umhlabathi ushona kahle, ugwema ungqimba lwenhlabathi eqandisiwe, nokusebenzisa inhlabathi ukulondoloza ukushisa.Isibonelo, i-"1448-three-materials-one-body" ye-solar greenhouse eyakhiwe yi-Chai Regeneration kanye nomunye umhlaba ongatshaliwe e-Hexi Corridor yakhiwe ngokumba i-1m phansi, igwema ngokuphumelelayo ungqimba lwenhlabathi efriziwe;Ngokusho kweqiniso lokuthi ukujula kwenhlabathi eqandisiwe endaweni ye-Turpan kungu-0.8m, u-Wang Huamin nabanye basikisela ukumba u-0.8m ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo wokushisa oshisayo we-greenhouse.Ngenkathi u-Zhang Guosen, njll. akha udonga olungemuva lwe-double-arch-double-film emba i-greenhouse yelanga endaweni engalimeki, ukujula kokumba kwakungu-1m.Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ebusuku lenyuke ngo-2 ~ 3℃ uma liqhathaniswa nendlu yokushisa yelanga yesizukulwane sesibili.

02 isisekelo sokuvikela amakhaza

Indlela eyinhloko ukumba umsele ongangenisi ukubanda eduze kwengxenye yesisekelo sophahla lwangaphambili, ugcwalise izinto zokufakwa ezishisayo, noma ngokuqhubekayo ugqibe izinto zokufakwa ezishisayo ngaphansi komhlaba eduze kwengxenye yodonga lwesisekelo, konke okuhlose ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okubangelwa ukudluliswa kokushisa enhlabathini engxenyeni yomngcele we-greenhouse.Izinto zokufakelwa ezishisayo ezisetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi zisekelwe ezimeni zendawo enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina, futhi zingatholakala endaweni, njenge-hay, slag, rock wool, ibhodi le-polystyrene, utshani bommbila, umquba wamahhashi, amaqabunga awile, utshani obuphukile, sawdust, ukhula, utshani, njll.

03 ifilimu yembongolo

Ngokuvala ifilimu yepulasitiki, ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyelela inhlabathi ngefilimu yepulasitiki emini, futhi inhlabathi ibamba ukushisa kwelanga futhi iyashisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu yepulasitiki ingavimba imisebe yamagagasi amade eboniswa inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwemisebe yenhlabathi futhi ikhulise ukugcinwa kokushisa kwenhlabathi.Ebusuku, ifilimu yepulasitiki ingavimbela ukushintshaniswa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo phakathi kwenhlabathi nomoya wasendlini, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwenhlabathi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifilimu yepulasitiki inganciphisa nokulahlekelwa ukushisa okucashile okubangelwa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi enhlabathini.U-Wei Wenxiang wemboze indlu ebamba ukushisa ngefilimu yepulasitiki e-Qinghai Plateau, futhi ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingakhushulwa cishe ngo-1℃.

Qinisa ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation of the front roof

Uphahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse luyindawo eyinhloko yokukhipha ukushisa, futhi ukushisa okulahlekile kubala okungaphezu kuka-75% wokulahlekelwa kokushisa okuphelele ku-greenhouse.Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisa amandla okushisa okushisa ophahleni lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse kunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukulahlekelwa ngophahla lwangaphambili futhi kuthuthukise imvelo yokushisa yasebusika ye-greenhouse.Njengamanje, kunezinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa umthamo wokushisa oshisayo ophahleni lwangaphambili.

01 Kwemukelwa isembozo esinezingqimba eziningi.

Ngokwesakhiwo, ukusebenzisa ifilimu enezingqimba ezimbili noma ifilimu enezingqimba ezintathu njengokukhanya okudlulisa ukukhanya kwe-greenhouse kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kokushisa okushisayo kwe-greenhouse.Isibonelo, u-Zhang Guosen nabanye baklame i-double-arch-double-film digging uhlobo lwe-solar greenhouse endaweni yaseGobi eDolobheni laseJiuquan.Ingaphandle lophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse lenziwe ngefilimu ye-EVA, futhi ingaphakathi le-greenhouse lenziwe ngefilimu ye-PVC yokunqanda ukuguga.Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nendlu ebamba ukushisa yelanga yesizukulwane sesibili, umphumela wokushisa oshisayo uvelele, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ebusuku likhuphuka ngo-2~3℃ ngokwesilinganiso.Ngokufanayo, u-Zhang Jingshe, njll. baphinde baklama indawo yokushisa yelanga enefilimu ephindwe kabili emboza izici zezulu ze-latitude ephezulu nezindawo ezibandayo eziqinile, okuthuthukise kakhulu ukufakwa okushisayo kwe-greenhouse.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse yokulawula, izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lenyuke ngo-3 ℃.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uWu Letian nabanye bazame ukusebenzisa izingqimba ezintathu zefilimu ye-EVA engu-0.1mm ewugqinsi ophahleni lwangaphambili lwendlu ebamba ukushisa yelanga eklanywe endaweni ewugwadule yaseHetian, eXinjiang.Ifilimu enezendlalelo eziningi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kophahla lwangaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukudlulisa ukukhanya kwefilimu yongqimba olulodwa cishe cishe ku-90%, ifilimu enezingqimba eziningi ngokwemvelo izoholela ekuncipheni kokudluliswa kokukhanya.Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isembozo se-multi-layer light transmittance, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo zokukhanyisa kanye nezidingo zokukhanyisa ze-greenhouses.

02 Qinisa ukwahlukanisa ebusuku kophahla lwangaphambili

Ifilimu yepulasitiki isetshenziswa ophahleni lwangaphambili ukuze kwandiswe ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya emini, futhi iba yindawo ebuthakathaka kuyo yonke indawo ebamba ukushisa ebusuku.Ngakho-ke, ukumboza indawo yangaphandle yophahla lwangaphambili nge-quilt eyinhlanganisela ewugqinsi yokushisa okushisayo kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo sokushisa okushisayo kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga.Isibonelo, esifundeni sase-Qinghai alpine, uLiu Yanjie nabanye basebenzisa amakhethini otshani kanye nephepha le-kraft njengezinto zokuvala ezishisayo zokuhlola.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lasendlini ku-greenhouse ebusuku lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-7.7℃.Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Wei Wenxiang ukholelwa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwe-greenhouse kungancishiswa ngaphezu kuka-90% ngokusebenzisa amakhethini otshani obuphindwe kabili noma i-kraft paper ngaphandle kwamakhethini otshani ukuze kufakwe ukushisa okushisayo kule ndawo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Zou Ping, njll. wasebenzisa i-fiber recycled recycled needed felt thermal insulation quilt endaweni ebamba ukushisa kwelanga esifundeni sase-Gobi e-Xinjiang, kanye ne-Chang Meimei, njll. basebenzisa isemishi le-thermal insulation insulation quilt e-solar greenhouse esifundeni saseGobi. I-Hexi Corridor.Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezintambo zokushisa ezishisayo ezisetshenziswa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zelanga, kodwa eziningi zazo zenziwe nge-needled feeled, ukotini ofakwe ngeglue, ukotini weparele, njll., enezingqimba zamanzi noma eziphikisana nokuguga ezinhlangothini zombili.Ngokusho kwe-thermal insulation mechanism ye-quilt yokufaka ukushisa okushisayo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kokushisa okushisayo, kufanele siqale ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokushisa nokunciphisa i-coefficient yayo yokudlulisa ukushisa, futhi izinyathelo eziyinhloko ukunciphisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kwezinto, ukwandisa ukushuba Izendlalelo zezinto ezibonakalayo noma ukwandisa inani lezendlalelo zempahla, njll. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje, into eyinhloko ye-quilt yokufaka ukushisa okushisayo nokusebenza okuphezulu kokufakwa kwe-thermal ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-multilayer.Ngokusho kokuhlolwa, i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa ye-quilt yokufaka ukushisa okushisayo nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-thermal insulation okwamanje ingafinyelela ku-0.5W/(m2℃), okunikeza isiqinisekiso esingcono sokufakwa okushisayo kwezindlu ezibamba ukushisa ezindaweni ezibandayo ebusika.Yiqiniso, indawo esenyakatho-ntshonalanga inomoya futhi inothuli, futhi imisebe ye-ultraviolet inamandla, ngakho-ke ungqimba lwe-thermal insulation surface kufanele lube nokusebenza okuhle kokuguga.

03 Ngeza ikhethini langaphakathi lokufaka ukushisa okushisayo.

Nakuba uphahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse yokukhanya kwelanga lumbozwe i-quilt yangaphandle yokushisa ukushisa ebusuku, ngokuqondene nezinye izakhiwo ze-greenhouse yonke, uphahla lwangaphambili luseyindawo ebuthakathaka yonke indawo ebamba ukushisa ebusuku.Ngakho-ke, ithimba lephrojekthi ye-"Structure and Construction Technology of Greenhouse in Northwest Non-arable Land" liklame uhlelo olulula lwangaphakathi lokufakwa kwe-thermal roll-up (Umfanekiso 1), isakhiwo sayo siqukethe ikhethini eligxilile langaphakathi elifaka ukushisa onyaweni lwangaphambili futhi. ikhethini le-insulation yangaphakathi eligudlukayo endaweni engaphezulu.Ikhethini le-insulation elishisayo elingaphezulu elinyakazayo liyavulwa futhi ligoqwe odongeni olungemuva lwe-greenhouse phakathi nosuku, olungaphazamisi ukukhanya kwe-greenhouse;I-quilt ye-thermal insulation engaguquki ezansi idlala indima yokuvala ebusuku.Idizayini ye-insulation yangaphakathi ihlanzekile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ingadlala indima yokufiphaza nokupholisa ehlobo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokufudumala obusebenzayo

Ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusika enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-China, uma sithembele kuphela ekugcineni ukushisa nokugcinwa kokushisa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, namanje asikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza ubusika obudlulele kwezitshalo esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ngakho-ke ezinye izindlela zokufudumala ezisebenzayo nazo ziyasebenza. okhathazekile.

Isitoreji samandla elanga kanye nesistimu yokukhishwa kokushisa

Kuyisizathu esibalulekile ukuthi udonga luphethe imisebenzi yokugcinwa kokushisa, ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nokuthwala umthwalo, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokwakha kanye nezinga eliphansi lokusebenzisa umhlaba wezindlu zokugcina izithombo zelanga.Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa lula kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo zelanga nakanjani kube isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo.Phakathi kwabo, ukwenza lula umsebenzi wodonga ukukhulula isitoreji sokushisa kanye nomsebenzi wokukhulula odongeni, ukuze udonga olungemuva luthwale kuphela umsebenzi wokulondoloza ukushisa, okuyindlela ephumelelayo yokwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa.Isibonelo, ukugcinwa kokushisa okusebenzayo kwe-Fang Hui kanye nesistimu yokukhulula (Umfanekiso 2) isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezingalinyiwe njenge-Gansu, i-Ningxia ne-Xinjiang.Idivayisi yayo yokuqoqa ukushisa ilengiswe odongeni olusenyakatho.Emini, ukushisa okuqoqwe idivayisi yokuqoqa ukushisa kugcinwa emzimbeni wokugcina ukushisa ngokujikeleza kwendawo yokugcina ukushisa, futhi ebusuku, ukushisa kukhishwa futhi kushiswe ngokujikeleza kwendawo yokugcina ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqaphele ukudluliswa kokushisa ngesikhathi nendawo.Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elincane ku-greenhouse lingakhushulwa ngo-3~5℃ ngokusebenzisa le divayisi.U-Wang Zhiwei njll. wabeka phambili uhlelo lokushisisa ikhethini lamanzi le-solar greenhouse endaweni eseningizimu ye-Xinjiang ewugwadule, engakhuphula izinga lokushisa le-greenhouse ngo-2.1℃ ebusuku.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Bao Encai njll. idizayine uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulondoloza ukushisa odongeni olusenyakatho.Emini, ngokujikeleza kwabalandeli be-axial, umoya oshisayo wasendlini ugeleza epayipini lokudlulisa ukushisa elishumekwe odongeni olusenyakatho, futhi ipayipi lokudlulisa ukushisa lishintshanisa ukushisa ngelendlalelo yokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi odongeni, okuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla okugcina ukushisa. udonga.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-solar phase-change heat storage system eklanywe ngu-Yan Yantao njll. igcina ukushisa ezintweni zokushintsha isigaba ngokusebenzisa abaqoqi belanga emini, bese ikhipha ukushisa kungene emoyeni wasendlini ngokuzungeza komoya ebusuku, okungase kwandise ukushisa kwelanga. izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngo-2.0℃ ebusuku.Ubuchwepheshe obungenhla bokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga kanye nemishini kunezici zomnotho, ukonga amandla kanye nekhabhoni ephansi.Ngemva kokwenza kahle nokuthuthukiswa, kufanele babe nethuba elihle lokufaka isicelo ezindaweni ezinemithombo eminingi yamandla elanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina.

Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokushisa obusizayo

01 ukushisisa kwe-biomass energy

Imibhede, utshani, ubulongwe benkomo, ubulongwe bezimvu nobulongwe benkukhu buxutshwa namagciwane ebhayoloji bese kugqitshwa emhlabathini endaweni ebamba ukushisa.Ukushisa okuningi kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, futhi izinhlobo eziningi ezizuzisayo, izinto eziphilayo kanye ne-CO2 zikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa.Izinhlobo ezizuzisayo zingavimbela futhi zibulale amagciwane ahlukahlukene, futhi zinganciphisa ukuvela kwezifo ezibamba ukushisa kanye nezinambuzane;Izinto eziphilayo zingaba umanyolo wezitshalo;I-CO2 ekhiqizwayo ingathuthukisa i-photosynthesis yezitshalo.Isibonelo, u-Wei Wenxiang wagqiba umanyolo oshisayo wemvelo ofana nomquba wamahhashi, umquba wenkomo nomquba wezimvu enhlabathini yasendlini endaweni ebamba ukushisa yelanga eQinghai Plateau, ekhuphule izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ngempumelelo.Endaweni ebamba ukushisa kwelanga endaweni ewugwadule lwaseGansu, uZhou Zhilong usebenzise utshani nomanyolo wemvelo ukuvubela phakathi kwezitshalo.Ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-greenhouse lingakhuphuka ngo-2 ~ 3℃.

02 ukufudumeza amalahle

Kukhona isitofu sokwenziwa, ihitha yamanzi ezonga amandla kanye ne-heater.Isibonelo, ngemva kophenyo e-Qinghai Plateau, u-Wei Wenxiang wathola ukuthi ukufudumeza kwesithando sokwenziwa kwakusetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni.Le ndlela yokushisa inezinzuzo zokushisa okusheshayo kanye nomphumela wokushisa osobala.Kodwa-ke, amagesi ayingozi afana ne-SO2, CO kanye ne-H2S azokhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwamalahle, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokukhipha amagesi ayingozi.

03 ukufudumeza ugesi

Sebenzisa intambo yokushisisa kagesi ukushisa uphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu ebamba ukushisa, noma usebenzise isifudumezi sikagesi.Umphumela wokushisa uyamangalisa, ukusetshenziswa kuphephile, akukho ukungcola okukhiqizwa ku-greenhouse, futhi imishini yokushisa kulula ukuyilawula.U-Chen Weiqian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi inkinga yomonakalo owenziwe yiqhwa ebusika endaweni yaseJiuquan ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo ze-Gobi zendawo, futhi izakhi zokushisa zikagesi zingasetshenziswa ukushisa ukushisa.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla kagesi esezingeni eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu futhi izindleko ziphezulu.Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufanele isetshenziswe njengendlela yesikhashana yokushisa okuphuthumayo esimweni sezulu esibanda kakhulu.

Izinyathelo zokuphatha imvelo

Enkambweni yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwe-greenhouse, imishini ephelele kanye nokusebenza okujwayelekile akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuthi indawo yayo eshisayo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama.Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwemishini ngokuvamile kunendima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwemvelo eshisayo, okubaluleke kakhulu okuwukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwe-quilt yokushisa okushisayo kanye ne-vent.

Ukuphathwa kwe-quilt ye-thermal insulation

Indwangu yokufaka eshisayo iwukhiye wokufaka ukufudumala ebusuku kophahla lwangaphambili, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa ukuphathwa nokugcinwa kwayo kwansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo kufanele zinakwe:①Khetha isikhathi esifanele sokuvula nesokuvala komphetho oshisayo. .Isikhathi sokuvula nokuvalwa kwe-quilt yokushisa okushisayo asithinti kuphela isikhathi sokukhanyisa kwe-greenhouse, kodwa futhi sithinta inqubo yokushisa ku-greenhouse.Ukuvula nokuvala umsele wokushisa oshisayo kusenesikhathi kakhulu noma sekwephuze kakhulu akusizi ekuqoqweni kokushisa.Ekuseni, uma i-quilt ingamboziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lasendlini lizokwehla kakhulu ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphansi langaphandle nokukhanya okubuthakathaka.Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isikhathi sokwembula i-quilt sephuzile, isikhathi sokuthola ukukhanya ku-greenhouse sizofinyezwa, futhi isikhathi sokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphakathi sizobambezeleka.Ntambama, uma i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ivaliwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isikhathi sokuchayeka endlini sizoncishiswa, futhi isitoreji sokushisa senhlabathi yasendlini nezindonga sizoncishiswa.Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ukugcinwa kokushisa kuvaliwe sekwephuzile, ukuchithwa kokushisa kwe-greenhouse kuzokwenyuka ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kwangaphandle nokukhanya okubuthakathaka.Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma nje, lapho i-quilt yokushisa eshisayo ivuliwe ekuseni, kungakuhle ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngemva kokwehla kwe-1 ~ 2 ℃, kuyilapho lapho i-quilt yokushisa eshisayo icishiwe, kungakuhle ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuke. ngemuva kokuwa kwe-1 ~ 2℃.② Lapho uvala i-quilt yokushisa eshisayo, qaphela ukuthi ingabe i-quilt yokushisa eshisayo ivala wonke amaphahla angaphambili ngokuqinile, futhi uwalungise ngesikhathi uma kunegebe.③ Ngemuva kokuthi i-quilt ye-thermal insulation ibekwe phansi ngokuphelele, hlola ukuthi ingxenye engezansi ihlangene yini, ukuze uvimbele umphumela wokulondoloza ukushisa ukuthi uphakanyiswe ngumoya ebusuku.④ Hlola futhi ulondoloze i-quilt yokushisa okushisayo kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma i-quilt yokufaka ukushisa ilimele, lungisa noma uyishintshe ngesikhathi.⑤ Naka izimo zezulu ngesikhathi.Uma kukhona imvula noma iqhwa, vala umsele wokuvala ukushisa okushisayo ngesikhathi bese ususa iqhwa ngesikhathi.

Ukuphathwa kwama-vents

Inhloso yokungenisa umoya ebusika ukulungisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ukuze kugwenywe izinga lokushisa elidlulele emini;Okwesibili ukuqeda umswakama wasendlini, ukunciphisa umswakama womoya ku-greenhouse nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo;Okwesithathu ukukhulisa ukugxila kwe-CO2 yasendlini nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo.Nokho, ukungena komoya kanye nokugcina ukushisa kuyaphikisana.Uma ukungena komoya kungaphathwa kahle, cishe kuzoholela ezinkingeni zokushisa eziphansi.Ngakho-ke, nini futhi isikhathi esingakanani ukuvula ama-vents adinga ukulungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo ze-greenhouse nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ezingalinyiwe, ukuphathwa kwama-greenhouse vents kuhlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ngezindlela ezimbili: ukusebenza ngezandla kanye nokungenisa umoya olula ngemishini.Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuvula kanye nesikhathi sokungena komoya sezikhala zisekelwe kakhulu ekwahluleleni kwabantu okuqondile, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi izimbobo zivulwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu noma sekwephuze kakhulu.Ukuze uxazulule izinkinga ezingenhla, i-Yin Yilei njll iklame idivayisi yokufaka umoya ophahleni ehlakaniphile, enganquma isikhathi sokuvula kanye nosayizi wokuvula nokuvala wemigodi yokukhipha umoya ngokuvumelana nezinguquko zemvelo yasendlini.Ngokujula kocwaningo mayelana nomthetho wokushintsha kwemvelo kanye nesidingo sezitshalo, kanye nokuthandwa kanye nenqubekela phambili yobuchwepheshe nemishini efana nombono wezemvelo, ukuqoqwa kolwazi, ukuhlaziya nokulawula, ukuzenzekelayo kokuphathwa kokungena komoya ezindaweni zokugcina ukushisa kwelanga kufanele kube isiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko esikhathini esizayo.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokuphatha

Enqubweni yokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafilimu achithekile, amandla abo okudlulisa ukukhanya azoncipha kancane kancane, futhi isivinini esibuthakathaka asihlobene nje nezakhiwo zabo zomzimba, kodwa futhi sihlobene nendawo ezungezile kanye nokuphathwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.Enqubweni yokusetshenziswa, into ebaluleke kakhulu eholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kokudlulisa ukukhanya ukungcoliswa kwendawo yefilimu.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlanza nokuhlanza njalo uma izimo zivuma.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo esivalekile se-greenhouse kufanele sihlolwe njalo.Uma kukhona ukuvuza odongeni nophahla lwangaphambili, kufanele kulungiswe kusenesikhathi ukugwema ukuthi indawo ebamba ukushisa ingathinteki ekungeneni komoya obandayo.

Izinkinga ezikhona kanye nesiqondiso sentuthuko

Abacwaningi baye bahlola futhi bacwaninga ukulondolozwa ukushisa nokugcinwa kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha kanye nezindlela zokufudumala zezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ezingalinywa iminyaka eminingi, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo yaqaphela ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ye-overwintering, yathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono le-greenhouse ukumelana nokulimala okubandayo okubandayo. , futhi ngokuyisisekelo waqaphela ukukhiqizwa overwintering imifino.Ibe negalelo eliyingqophamlando ekudambiseni ukungqubuzana phakathi kokudla nemifino okuqhudelana nomhlaba eChina.Nokho, kusenezinkinga ezilandelayo kubuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina.

Izinhlobo ze-greenhouse zizothuthukiswa

Njengamanje, izinhlobo zezindlu zokugcina izithombo ziseyizo ezivamile ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, ngesakhiwo esilula, ukuklama okungenangqondo, ikhono elimpofu lokugcina imvelo eshisayo yokushisa ukushisa nokumelana nezinhlekelele zemvelo, nokuntuleka kokulinganisa.Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse esizayo, ukuma nokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, i-azimuth angle ye-greenhouse, ukuphakama kodonga lwangemuva, ukujula kokucwila kwe-greenhouse, njll. kufanele kufane ngokuhlanganisa ngokugcwele i-latitude yendawo yendawo. kanye nezici zesimo sezulu.Ngasikhathi sinye, isitshalo esisodwa kuphela esingatshalwa ku-greenhouse ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze ukufanisa okujwayelekile kwe-greenhouse kwenziwe ngokuya ngezidingo zokukhanya nezinga lokushisa kwezilimo ezitshaliwe.

Isikali se-greenhouse sincane uma kuqhathaniswa.

Uma isikali se-greenhouse sincane kakhulu, sizothinta ukuzinza kwemvelo eshisayo yokushisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini.Ngokunyuka kancane kancane kwezindleko zabasebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile esikhathini esizayo.Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, kufanele sizisekele ezingeni lentuthuko yendawo, sicabangele izidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, ukuklama ngokunengqondo indawo yangaphakathi kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo, sisheshise ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezolimo efanele izindawo zendawo, futhi ngcono izinga lemishini yokukhiqizwa kwe-greenhouse.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwezidingo zezitshalo namaphethini okulima, imishini efanele kufanele ifaniswe namazinga, futhi ucwaningo oludidiyelwe kanye nentuthuko, ukusungulwa okusha kanye nokuthandwa kwe-ventilation, ukunciphisa umswakama, ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nemishini yokushisa kufanele kukhuthazwe.

Ugqinsi lwezindonga ezifana nesihlabathi namabhulokhi angenalutho lusawugqinsi.

Uma udonga lulugqinsi kakhulu, nakuba umphumela wokufakelwa ulungile, uzonciphisa izinga lokusebenzisa inhlabathi, ukwandisa izindleko kanye nobunzima bokwakha.Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni okuzayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushuba kodonga kungenziwa ngokwesayensi ngokwezimo zezulu zendawo;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sikhuthaze ukukhanya nokuthuthukiswa okulula kodonga lwangemuva, ukuze udonga olungemuva lwe-greenhouse lugcine kuphela umsebenzi wokulondoloza ukushisa, sebenzisa abaqoqi belanga kanye nezinye izinto zokufaka esikhundleni sokugcina ukushisa nokukhululwa kodonga. .Abaqoqi belanga banezici zokuqoqwa kokushisa okuphezulu, amandla okuqoqa ukushisa okuqinile, ukonga amandla, ikhabhoni ephansi nokunye, futhi iningi labo lingakwazi ukubona ukulawulwa okusebenzayo nokulawula, futhi lingakwazi ukwenza ukushisa okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe ngokwezidingo zemvelo ze-greenhouse. ebusuku, ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokusetshenziswa kokushisa.

I-quilt ekhethekile yokufakwa kwe-thermal idinga ukwakhiwa.

Uphahla lwangaphambili luwumzimba oyinhloko wokukhipha ukushisa ku-greenhouse, futhi ukusebenza kokushisa okushisayo kwe-thermal insulation quilt kuthinta ngqo indawo eshisayo yasendlini.Njengamanje, indawo yokushisa ebamba ukushisa kwezinye izindawo ayilungile, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi i-thermal insulation quilt incane kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokufakwa okushisayo kwezinto akwanele.Ngasikhathi sinye, i-thermal insulation quilt isenezinkinga ezithile, njengokungangeni kwamanzi kanye nekhono lokushushuluza, ukuguga kalula kwendawo kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo, njll. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, izinto zokufaka ezishisayo ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe ngokwesayensi ngokusho kwendawo. izici zesimo sezulu kanye nezidingo, kanye nemikhiqizo ekhethekile yokufaka umgqomo oshisayo ofanele ukusetshenziswa kwendawo nokuthandwa abantu kufanele yakhelwe futhi ithuthukiswe.

PHELA

Ulwazi olucashuniwe

U-Luo Ganliang, u-Cheng Jieyu, u-Wang Pingzhi, njll. Isimo socwaningo sobuchwepheshe besiqinisekiso sokushisa kwemvelo se-solar greenhouse enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe elingalinyiwe [J].I-Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022,42(28):12-20.