Ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bezolimo be-greenhouse 2022-12-02 17:30 kushicilelwe eBeijing

Ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga ezindaweni ezingalinywanga njengehlane, iGobi kanye nomhlaba onesihlabathi kuxazulule ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana phakathi kokudla nemifino encintisana ngomhlaba. Kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zemvelo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo zokushisa, okuvame ukunquma impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zokugcina izithombo zelanga. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga ezindaweni ezingalinywanga, kumele siqale sixazulule inkinga yokushisa kwemvelo yezindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga. Kulesi sihloko, izindlela zokulawula izinga lokushisa ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zelanga ezingalinywanga eminyakeni yamuva zifingqiwe, futhi izinkinga ezikhona kanye nesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kokushisa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zelanga ezingalinywanga ziyahlaziywa futhi zifingqiwe.

IShayina inabantu abaningi futhi inezinto zomhlaba ezitholakala kancane. Ngaphezu kwama-85% ezinsiza zomhlaba ayizinto zomhlaba ezingalinywa, ezigxile kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina. Umbhalo No.1 weKomidi Eliphakathi ngo-2022 waveza ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo zezikhungo kufanele kusheshiswe, futhi ngesisekelo sokuvikela imvelo, umhlaba ongenalutho ongasetshenziswa kanye nendawo engenalutho kufanele kuhlolwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezolimo zezikhungo. INyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina icebile ngezindawo eziwugwadule, iGobi, indawo ewugwadule kanye nezinye izinsiza zomhlaba ezingalinywa kanye nezinsiza zokukhanya kwemvelo nokushisa, ezifanele ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo zezikhungo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zomhlaba ezingalinywa ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina izitshalo zomhlaba ezingalinywa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kokudla kuzwelonke kanye nokunciphisa izingxabano zokusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Njengamanje, i-solar greenhouse engatshalwanga iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo okuphumelelayo kakhulu endaweni engatshalwanga. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina, umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu, kanti izinga lokushisa ebusuku ebusika liphansi, okuvame ukuholela esimweni sokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi langaphakathi liphansi kunezinga lokushisa elidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni okuvamile kwezitshalo. Izinga lokushisa lingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zemvelo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lizonciphisa ukusabela komzimba kanye nokwe-biochemical kwezitshalo futhi linciphise ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwazo. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kunomkhawulo izitshalo ezingawuthwala, kuzoholela ekulimaleni kweqhwa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni okuvamile kwezitshalo. Ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elifanele le-solar greenhouse, akuyona into eyodwa engaxazululwa. Kudingeka kuqinisekiswe kusukela ezicini zokuklama i-greenhouse, ukwakhiwa, ukukhethwa kwezinto, imithethonqubo kanye nokuphathwa kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sizofingqa isimo socwaningo kanye nenqubekela phambili yokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingalinywa eShayina eminyakeni yamuva kusukela ezicini zokuklama nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo, ukulondolozwa kokushisa kanye nezinyathelo zokufudumala kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ireferensi ehlelekile yokuklama nokuphathwa okunengqondo kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingalinywanga.

Isakhiwo sendlu yokugcina izithombo kanye nezinto zokwakha

Indawo eshisayo yendlu ebamba ukushisa incike kakhulu ekudlulisweni, ekubanjweni kanye nasekugcinweni kwamandla endlu ebamba ukushisa emisebeni yelanga, okuhlobene nomklamo ofanele wokuqondiswa kwendlu ebamba ukushisa, ukuma kanye nezinto zobuso obudlulisela ukukhanya, isakhiwo nezinto zodonga nophahla lwangemuva, ukufakelwa kwesisekelo, usayizi wendlu ebamba ukushisa, imodi yokufakelwa ebusuku nezinto zophahla lwangaphambili, njll., futhi kuhlobene nokuthi inqubo yokwakha nokwakha indlu ebamba ukushisa ingaqinisekisa yini ukufezwa okuphumelelayo kwezidingo zomklamo.

Umthamo wokudlulisa ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili

Amandla amakhulu ku-greenhouse avela elangeni. Ukwandisa amandla okudlulisa ukukhanya ophahleni lwangaphambili kuyazuzisa ukuthi i-greenhouse ithole ukushisa okwengeziwe, futhi kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa isimo sezulu sokushisa se-greenhouse ebusika. Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwandisa amandla okudlulisa ukukhanya kanye nesikhathi sokwamukela ukukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse.

01 ukuklama ukuqondiswa kwe-greenhouse okunengqondo kanye ne-azimuth

Ukuqondiswa kwe-greenhouse kuthinta ukusebenza kokukhanya kwe-greenhouse kanye nomthamo wokugcina ukushisa kwe-greenhouse. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholakale indawo yokugcina ukushisa eyengeziwe ku-greenhouse, ukuqondiswa kwe-greenhouse engatshalwanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina kubheke eningizimu. Nge-azimuth ethile ye-greenhouse, lapho ukhetha eningizimu kuya empumalanga, kuzuzisa "ukubamba ilanga", futhi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi likhuphuka ngokushesha ekuseni; Uma kukhethwa eningizimu kuya entshonalanga, kuzuzisa ukuthi i-greenhouse isebenzise ukukhanya kwasemini. Ukuqondiswa eningizimu kuyisivumelwano phakathi kwezimo ezimbili ezingenhla. Ngokolwazi lwe-geophysics, umhlaba ujikeleza cishe ngo-360° ngosuku, kanti i-azimuth yelanga ihamba cishe ngo-1° njalo ngemizuzu emi-4. Ngakho-ke, njalo lapho i-azimuth ye-greenhouse ihluka ngo-1°, isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile sizohluka cishe ngemizuzu emi-4, okungukuthi, i-azimuth ye-greenhouse ithinta isikhathi lapho i-greenhouse ibona ukukhanya ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Uma amahora okukhanya kwasekuseni nantambama elingana, kanti impumalanga noma intshonalanga iku-engeli efanayo, i-greenhouse izothola amahora okukhanya afanayo. Kodwa-ke, endaweni esenyakatho ye-latitude engama-37° enyakatho, izinga lokushisa liphansi ekuseni, futhi isikhathi sokuvula i-quilt siphuzile, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu ntambama nakusihlwa, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukulibazisa isikhathi sokuvala i-quilt yokushisa. Ngakho-ke, lezi zindawo kufanele zikhethe eningizimu kuya entshonalanga futhi zisebenzise ngokugcwele ukukhanya kwasemini. Ezindaweni ezine-latitude engama-30°~35° enyakatho, ngenxa yezimo zokukhanya ezingcono ekuseni, isikhathi sokulondolozwa kokushisa kanye nokumboza isimbozo nakho kungathuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, lezi zindawo kufanele zikhethe isiqondiso saseningizimu-nempumalanga ukuze zilwele ukuthola imisebe yelanga yasekuseni eyengeziwe ye-greenhouse. Kodwa-ke, endaweni ye-latitude engama-35°~37° enyakatho, kunomehluko omncane emisebeni yelanga ekuseni nantambama, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhetha isiqondiso esifanele saseningizimu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuseningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, i-engeli yokuphambuka ngokuvamile ingu-5° ~ 8°, futhi ubukhulu obukhulu akumele budlule u-10°. INyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina isendaweni ephakathi kuka-37° ~ 50° nenyakatho ye-latitude, ngakho-ke i-engeli ye-azimuth ye-greenhouse ngokuvamile isuka eningizimu iye entshonalanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-greenhouse yokukhanya kwelanga eklanywe nguZhang Jingshe njll. endaweni yaseTaiyuan ikhethe ukuqondiswa okungu-5° entshonalanga yeningizimu, i-greenhouse yokukhanya kwelanga eyakhiwe nguChang Meimei njll. endaweni yaseGobi eHexi Corridor ikhethe ukuqondiswa okungu-5° kuya ku-10° entshonalanga yeningizimu, kanti i-greenhouse yokukhanya kwelanga eyakhiwe nguMa Zhigui njll. enyakatho yeXinjiang ikhethe ukuqondiswa okungu-8° entshonalanga yeningizimu.

02 Yakha ukuma kophahla lwangaphambili okunengqondo kanye ne-angle yokuthambekela

Ukuma nokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili kunquma i-engeli yesigameko semisebe yelanga. Uma i-engeli yesigameko incane, kulapho ukudluliselwa kwayo kuba kukhulu khona. I-Sun Juren ikholelwa ukuthi ukuma kophahla lwangaphambili kunqunywa kakhulu yisilinganiso sobude bobuso bokukhanya okuyinhloko kanye nomthambeka wangemuva. Umthambeka omude wangaphambili nomthambeka omfushane wangemuva kuyazuzisa ekukhanyeni nasekugcinweni kokushisa kophahla lwangaphambili. UChen Wei-Qian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi uphahla oluyinhloko lokukhanyisa lwe-greenhouse yelanga esetshenziswa endaweni yaseGobi luthatha i-arc eyindilinga enobubanzi obungu-4.5m, obungamelana ngempumelelo nokubanda. UZhang Jingshe, njll. bacabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-arch eyindilinga ophahleni lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse ezindaweni zase-alpine nasezindaweni eziphakeme. Ngokuphathelene ne-engeli ye-inclination yophahla lwangaphambili, ngokwezimpawu zokudlulisa ukukhanya kwefilimu yepulasitiki, lapho i-engeli yesigameko ingu-0 ~ 40°, ukubonakaliswa kophahla lwangaphambili ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuncane, futhi uma kudlula ku-40°, ukubonakaliswa kukhula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-40° ithathwa njenge-engeli ephezulu kakhulu yesigameko ukuze kubalwe i-engeli yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, ukuze ngisho nasebusika, imisebe yelanga ingangena ku-greenhouse ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho beklama i-greenhouse yelanga efanelekile ezindaweni ezingalinywanga eWuhai, e-Inner Mongolia, uHe Bin nabanye babale i-engeli yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili nge-engeli yesigameko engu-40°, futhi bacabanga ukuthi uma nje ingaphezu kuka-30°, ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhanyisa i-greenhouse nokulondolozwa kokushisa. UZhang Caihong nabanye bacabanga ukuthi lapho bakha i-greenhouse ezindaweni ezingalinywanga zaseXinjiang, i-engeli yokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse eningizimu yeXinjiang ingu-31°, kanti leyo enyakatho yeXinjiang ingu-32°~33.5°.

03 Khetha izinto zokumboza ezisobala ezifanele.

Ngaphezu kwethonya lezimo zemisebe yelanga yangaphandle, izici zezinto kanye nokudluliselwa kokukhanya kwefilimu ye-greenhouse nazo ziyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta indawo yokukhanya nokushisa kwe-greenhouse. Njengamanje, ukudluliselwa kokukhanya kwamafilimu epulasitiki njenge-PE, i-PVC, i-EVA kanye ne-PO kuhlukile ngenxa yezinto ezahlukene kanye nobukhulu befilimu. Ngokuvamile, ukudluliselwa kokukhanya kwamafilimu asetshenziswe iminyaka eyi-1-3 kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi kungaphezu kuka-88% iyonke, okufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngesidingo sezitshalo sokukhanya nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kokudluliselwa kokukhanya ku-greenhouse, ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo yokukhanya ku-greenhouse nakho kuyisici abantu abasinaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukudluliselwa kokukhanya okumboza izinto ngokukhanya okusakazekayo okuthuthukisiwe kuye kwaqashelwa kakhulu yimboni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemisebe yelanga enamandla enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina. Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu yokukhanya okusakazekayo okuthuthukisiwe kunciphise umphumela wokufiphaza phezulu nangaphansi kwe-canopy yezitshalo, kwandise ukukhanya ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nezingezansi ze-canopy yezitshalo, kwathuthukisa izici ze-photosynthetic zesitshalo sonke, futhi kwabonisa umphumela omuhle wokukhuthaza ukukhula nokukhulisa umkhiqizo.

Umklamo onengqondo wosayizi we-greenhouse

Ubude bendlu eluhlaza bude kakhulu noma bufushane kakhulu, okuzothinta ukulawulwa kokushisa kwangaphakathi. Uma ubude bendlu eluhlaza bude kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwelanga, indawo egqunywe yizinsika zasempumalanga nasentshonalanga inkulu, okungekuhle ekufudumaleni kwendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngenxa yobuningi bayo obuncane, kuzothinta ukumuncwa nokukhululwa kokushisa kwenhlabathi yangaphakathi nodonga. Uma ubude bukhulu kakhulu, kunzima ukulawula izinga lokushisa langaphakathi, futhi kuzothinta ukuqina kwesakhiwo sendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nokucushwa kwendlela yokugoqa indwangu yokulondoloza ukushisa. Ukuphakama nobubanzi bendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuthinta ngqo ukukhanya kwelanga kophahla lwangaphambili, usayizi wesikhala sendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nesilinganiso sokushisa. Lapho ubude nobude bendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka buzinzile, ukwandisa ukuphakama kwendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungandisa i-engeli yokukhanya kophahla lwangaphambili kusukela endaweni yokukhanya, okulungele ukudluliselwa kokukhanya; Ngokombono wendawo eshisayo, ukuphakama kodonga kuyanda, futhi indawo yokugcina ukushisa yodonga lwangemuva iyanda, okuzuzisa ukugcina ukushisa nokukhululwa kokushisa kodonga lwangemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhala sikhulu, izinga lomthamo wokushisa nalo likhulu, futhi indawo eshisayo yendlu eluhlaza izinzile. Yiqiniso, ukwandisa ukuphakama kwendlu eluhlaza kuzokwandisa izindleko zendlu eluhlaza, okudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho siklama indlu eluhlaza, kufanele sikhethe ubude, ububanzi kanye nokuphakama okufanelekile ngokwezimo zendawo. Isibonelo, uZhang Caihong nabanye bacabanga ukuthi enyakatho yeXinjiang, ubude bendlu eluhlaza bungu-50~80m, ububanzi bungu-7m kanti ukuphakama kwendlu eluhlaza kungu-3.9m, kanti eningizimu yeXinjiang, ubude bendlu eluhlaza bungu-50~80m, ububanzi bungu-8m kanti ukuphakama kwendlu eluhlaza kungu-3.6~4.0m; Kucatshangelwa futhi ukuthi ububanzi bendlu eluhlaza akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-7m, futhi uma ububanzi bungu-8m, umphumela wokulondoloza ukushisa ungcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uChen Weiqian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi ubude, ububanzi kanye nokuphakama kwendlu eluhlaza yelanga kufanele kube ngamamitha angu-80, 8 ~ 10 kanye no-3.8 ~ 4.2 ngokulandelana uma yakhiwe endaweni yaseGobi eJiuquan, eGansu.

Thuthukisa indawo yokugcina ukushisa kanye nomthamo wokuvikela udonga

Emini, udonga luqoqa ukushisa ngokumunca imisebe yelanga kanye nokushisa komoya othile wangaphakathi. Ebusuku, lapho izinga lokushisa langaphakathi liphansi kunezinga lokushisa lodonga, udonga luzokhipha ukushisa ngaphandle kokwenza lutho ukuze lufudumale i-greenhouse. Njengomzimba oyinhloko wokugcina ukushisa kwe-greenhouse, udonga lungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ebusuku ngokuthuthukisa amandla alo okugcina ukushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wokuvikela ukushisa wodonga uyisisekelo sokuzinza kwendawo yokushisa ye-greenhouse. Njengamanje, kunezindlela eziningana zokuthuthukisa amandla okugcina ukushisa kanye namandla okuvikela izindonga.

01 ukuklama isakhiwo sodonga esinengqondo

Umsebenzi wodonga uhlanganisa kakhulu ukugcina ukushisa nokulondolozwa kokushisa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindonga eziningi ze-greenhouse nazo zisebenza njengamalungu athwala umthwalo ukusekela i-truss yophahla. Ngokombono wokuthola indawo enhle yokushisa, isakhiwo sodonga esifanelekile kufanele sibe namandla okugcina ukushisa anele ohlangothini lwangaphakathi kanye namandla okugcina ukushisa anele ohlangothini lwangaphandle, ngenkathi kunciphisa amabhuloho abandayo angadingekile. Ocwaningweni lokugcina ukushisa odongeni kanye nokufakwa kokushisa, uBao Encai nabanye baklama udonga lokugcina ukushisa oluqinile olungenasihlabathi esiqinile endaweni yasehlane yaseWuhai, e-Inner Mongolia. Izitini ezinezimbobo zasetshenziswa njengengqimba yokufakwa kokushisa ngaphandle kanti isihlabathi esiqinile sasetshenziswa njengengqimba yokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lingafinyelela ku-13.7℃ ezinsukwini ezinelanga. UMa Yuehong njll. baklama udonga oluhlanganisiwe lwe-wheat shell mortar block enyakatho yeXinjiang, lapho i-quicklime igcwaliswa khona ngamabhulokhi e-mortar njengengqimba yokugcina ukushisa kanye nezikhwama ze-slag zibekwe ngaphandle njengengqimba yokufakwa kokushisa. Udonga lwamabhulokhi angenalutho oluklanywe nguZhao Peng, njll. endaweni yaseGobi esifundazweni saseGansu, lusebenzisa ibhodi le-benzene eliwugqinsi oluyi-100mm njengengqimba yokuvikela ngaphandle kanye nesihlabathi kanye nesitini samabhulokhi angenalutho njengengqimba yokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ebusika lingaphezu kuka-10℃ ebusuku, kanti i-Chai Regeneration, njll. isebenzisa isihlabathi kanye namatshe ayigugu njengengqimba yokuvikela kanye nengqimba yokugcina ukushisa yodonga endaweni yaseGobi esifundazweni saseGansu. Ngokuphathelene nokunciphisa amabhuloho abandayo, i-Yan Junyue njll. yaklama udonga lwangemuva oluhlanganisiwe olukhanyayo nolula, olungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kodonga, kodwa futhi lwathuthukisa isici sokuvala udonga ngokunamathisela ibhodi le-polystyrene ngaphandle kodonga lwangemuva; i-Wu Letian njll. yabeka ugongolo lwendandatho oluqinisiwe ngaphezu kwesisekelo sodonga lwe-greenhouse, futhi yasebenzisa ukunyathela izitini ze-trapezoidal ngaphezu nje kogongolo lwendandatho ukusekela uphahla lwangemuva, okwaxazulula inkinga yokuthi imifantu kanye nokuwa kwesisekelo kulula ukwenzeka ezindaweni zokugcina ukushisa eHotian, eXinjiang, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukufudumala kwezindawo zokugcina ukushisa.

02 Khetha izinto zokugcina ukushisa ezifanele kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukushisa.

Ukugcina ukushisa kanye nomphumela wokuvikela udonga kuncike kuqala ekukhetheni kwezinto zokwakha. Ehlane elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, eGobi, ezweni lesihlabathi nakwezinye izindawo, ngokwezimo zendawo, abacwaningi bathatha izinto zendawo futhi benza imizamo enesibindi yokuklama izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezindonga zangemuva zezindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga. Isibonelo, lapho uZhang Guosen nabanye bakha izindawo zokugcina izithombo emasimini esihlabathi namatshe ayigugu eGansu, isihlabathi namatshe ayigugu kwakusetshenziswa njengezindawo zokugcina ukushisa kanye nezendlalelo zokuvikela udonga; Ngokwezici zeGobi kanye nehlane enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina, uZhao Peng waklama uhlobo lodonga lwamatshe angenalutho olunetshe lesihlabathi kanye nebhulokhi elingenalutho njengezinto zokwakha. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakathi langaphakathi ebusuku lingaphezu kuka-10℃. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinto zokwakha ezifana nezitini nobumba esifundeni saseGobi enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina, uZhou Changji nabanye bathole ukuthi izindawo zokugcina izithombo zendawo zivame ukusebenzisa amatshe ayigugu njengezinto zokwakha udonga lapho zihlola izindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga esifundeni saseGobi saseKizilsu Kirgiz, eXinjiang. Ngenxa yokusebenza kokushisa kanye namandla omshini etshe eliyigugu, indlu yokugcina izithombo eyakhiwe ngetshe eliyigugu inamandla amahle ngokulondolozwa kokushisa, ukugcina ukushisa kanye nokuthwala umthwalo. Ngokufanayo, uZhang Yong, njll., basebenzisa amatshe amancane njengezinto eziyinhloko zodonga, futhi baklama udonga olungemuva oluzimele lwetshe lokugcina ukushisa eShanxi nakwezinye izindawo. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi umphumela wokugcina ukushisa muhle. UZhang njll. baklama uhlobo lodonga lwesihlabathi ngokwezici zendawo yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeGobi, okungakhuphula izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngo-2.5℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMa Yuehong nabanye bahlole umthamo wokugcina ukushisa wodonga lwesihlabathi olugcwele amabhlogo, udonga lwamabhlogo nodonga lwezitini eHotian, eXinjiang. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi udonga lwesihlabathi olugcwele amabhlogo lwalunamandla amakhulu okugcina ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokugcina ukushisa kodonga, abacwaningi bathuthukisa ngenkuthalo izinto ezintsha zokugcina ukushisa kanye nobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, uBao Encai uphakamise izinto zokushintsha kwesigaba, ezingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa umthamo wokugcina ukushisa wodonga olungemuva lwe-greenhouse yelanga ezindaweni ezingalinywanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Njengokuhlola izinto zasendaweni, i-haystack, i-slag, ibhodi le-benzene kanye notshani nakho kusetshenziswa njengezinto zodonga, kodwa lezi zinto ngokuvamile zinomsebenzi wokugcina ukushisa kuphela futhi azinawo amandla okugcina ukushisa. Ngokuvamile, izindonga ezigcwele amatshe ayigugu namabhulokhi zinendawo yokugcina ukushisa enhle kanye namandla okuvikela.

03 Khulisa ngokufanele ubukhulu bodonga

Ngokuvamile, ukumelana nokushisa kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokukala ukusebenza kokushisa kodonga, futhi isici esithinta ukumelana nokushisa ukujiya kwengqimba yezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kokuqhuba ukushisa kwezinto. Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe ekukhetheni izinto ezifanele zokuvimbela ukushisa, ukwandisa ukujiya kodonga ngokufanele kungandisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphelele kodonga futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa ukushisa odongeni, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla okushisa nokugcina ukushisa odongeni kanye nendlu yonke eluhlaza okotshani. Isibonelo, eGansu nakwezinye izindawo, ukujiya okumaphakathi kodonga lwesikhwama sesihlabathi eZhangye City kungu-2.6m, kanti olodonga lwesakhiwo sobumba eJiuquan City lungu-3.7m. Uma udonga lukhulu, kulapho amandla alo okushisa nokugcina ukushisa aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izindonga ezijiyile kakhulu zizokwandisa ukuhlala komhlaba kanye nezindleko zokwakha indlu eluhlaza okotshani. Ngakho-ke, ngokombono wokuthuthukisa amandla okushisa, kufanele futhi sinikeze kuqala ukukhetha izinto zokushisa eziphezulu ezinokuqhuba ukushisa okuphansi, njenge-polystyrene, i-polyurethane nezinye izinto, bese sandisa ukujiya ngokufanele.

Umklamo onengqondo wophahla lwangemuva

Ngokuklama uphahla lwangemuva, okubalulekile akukona ukubangela ithonya lomthunzi nokuthuthukisa amandla okushisa. Ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya lomthunzi ophahleni lwangemuva, ukubekwa kwe-angle yokuthambekela kwalo kusekelwe kakhulu eqinisweni lokuthi uphahla lwangemuva lungathola ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile emini lapho izitshalo zitshalwa futhi zikhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke, i-angle yokuphakama kophahla lwangemuva ngokuvamile ikhethwa ukuthi ibe ngcono kune-angle yendawo yokuphakama kwelanga ye-solstice yasebusika engu-7°~8°. Isibonelo, uZhang Caihong nabanye bacabanga ukuthi lapho kwakhiwa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zelanga eGobi nasezindaweni zomhlaba we-saline-alkali eXinjiang, ubude obulindelwe bophahla lwangemuva bungu-1.6m, ngakho-ke i-angle yokuthambekela kophahla lwangemuva ingu-40° eningizimu yeXinjiang kanye no-45° enyakatho yeXinjiang. UChen Wei-Qian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi uphahla lwangemuva lwe-greenhouse yelanga endaweni yaseJiuquan Gobi kufanele luthambekele ku-40°. Ukuze kufakwe ukushisa kophahla lwangemuva, amandla okufaka ukushisa kufanele aqinisekiswe ikakhulukazi ekukhetheni izinto zokufaka ukushisa, ukwakheka kobukhulu obudingekayo kanye nokuhlangana okufanelekile kwezinto zokufaka ukushisa ngesikhathi sokwakha.

Nciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa kwenhlabathi

Ebusuku basebusika, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi wangaphakathi liphakeme kunelenhlabathi yangaphandle, ukushisa komhlabathi wangaphakathi kuzodluliselwa ngaphandle ngokuhambisa ukushisa, okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwe-greenhouse. Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa komhlabathi.

01 ukuvikela inhlabathi

Umhlabathi ucwila kahle, ugwema ungqimba lomhlabathi oqandisiwe, futhi usebenzise inhlabathi ukulondoloza ukushisa. Isibonelo, i-greenhouse yelanga ethi “1448 three-materials-one-body” eyathuthukiswa yi-Chai Regeneration kanye neminye indawo engalinywanga e-Hexi Corridor yakhiwa ngokumba u-1m phansi, ukugwema ngempumelelo ungqimba lomhlabathi oqandisiwe; Ngokusho kweqiniso lokuthi ukujula komhlabathi oqandisiwe endaweni yaseTurpan kungu-0.8m, uWang Huamin nabanye basikisela ukumba u-0.8m ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okushisa okushisa we-greenhouse. Lapho uZhang Guosen, njll. bakha udonga lwangemuva lwe-greenhouse yelanga eqandisiwe enefilimu ephindwe kabili endaweni engalimeki, ukujula kokumba kwakungu-1m. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ebusuku landa ngo-2~3℃ uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse yelanga yesizukulwane sesibili.

02 ukuvikelwa kokubanda kwesisekelo

Indlela eyinhloko ukumba umsele ongabanda eceleni kwengxenye yesisekelo sophahla lwangaphambili, ukugcwalisa izinto zokuvimbela ukushisa, noma ukumboza njalo izinto zokuvimbela ukushisa ngaphansi komhlaba eceleni kwengxenye yodonga lwesisekelo, konke okuhlose ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okubangelwa ukudluliselwa kokushisa enhlabathini engxenyeni engasemngceleni we-greenhouse. Izinto zokuvimbela ukushisa ezisetshenziswayo zisekelwe kakhulu ezimweni zendawo enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina, futhi zingatholakala endaweni, njengotshani, i-slag, uboya bedwala, ibhodi le-polystyrene, utshani bommbila, umquba wamahhashi, amaqabunga awile, utshani obuphukile, uthuli lwesawdust, ukhula, utshani, njll.

03 ifilimu ye-mulch

Ngokumboza ifilimu yepulasitiki, ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyelela enhlabathini ngefilimu yepulasitiki emini, futhi inhlabathi imunca ukushisa kwelanga bese ishisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu yepulasitiki ingavimba imisebe yamagagasi amade eboniswa yinhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukulahleka kwemisebe yenhlabathi futhi yandise indawo yokugcina ukushisa kwenhlabathi. Ebusuku, ifilimu yepulasitiki ingavimbela ukushintshana kokushisa okuguquguqukayo phakathi kwenhlabathi nomoya wangaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukulahleka kokushisa kwenhlabathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifilimu yepulasitiki inganciphisa nokulahleka kokushisa okufihliwe okubangelwa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi enhlabathini. UWei Wenxiang wamboza i-greenhouse ngefilimu yepulasitiki eQinghai Plateau, futhi ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingakhushulwa cishe ngo-1℃.

Qinisa ukusebenza kokushisa kophahla lwangaphambili

Uphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza luyindawo eyinhloko yokushabalalisa ukushisa, futhi ukushisa okulahlekile kubalwa ngaphezu kwama-75% okulahlekelwa ukushisa okuphelele endlini eluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisa amandla okuvikela ukushisa ophahleni lwangaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa ophahleni lwangaphambili futhi kuthuthukise isimo sezulu sasebusika sendlu eluhlaza. Njengamanje, kunezinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa amandla okuvikela ukushisa ophahleni lwangaphambili.

01 Kusetshenziswa isembozo esibonakalayo esinezingqimba eziningi.

Ngokwesakhiwo, ukusebenzisa ifilimu enezingqimba ezimbili noma ifilimu enezingqimba ezintathu njengobuso obudlulisela ukukhanya kwe-greenhouse kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kokushisa kwe-greenhouse. Isibonelo, uZhang Guosen nabanye baklame i-greenhouse enezingqimba ezimbili ephindwe kabili yohlobo lwe-solar digging endaweni yaseGobi eJiuquan City. Ingaphandle lophahla lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse lenziwe ngefilimu ye-EVA, kanti ingaphakathi le-greenhouse lenziwe ngefilimu yokulwa nokuguga ye-PVC engenamanzi. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse yesizukulwane sesibili yendabuko, umphumela wokushisa uyamangalisa, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ebusuku likhuphuka ngo-2~3℃ ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokufanayo, uZhang Jingshe, njll., baklame i-greenhouse enezingqimba ezimbili ezimboza izici zezulu ze-latitude ephezulu nezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu, okwathuthukisa kakhulu ukushisa kwe-greenhouse. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-greenhouse elawulayo, izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lenyuke ngo-3℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uWu Letian nabanye bazama ukusebenzisa izingqimba ezintathu zefilimu ye-EVA engu-0.1mm ubukhulu ophahleni lwangaphambili lwe-greenhouse enezingqimba ezimbili eklanyelwe endaweni yase-Hetian desert, eXinjiang. Ifilimu enezingqimba eziningi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kokushisa kophahla lwangaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukudlulisa ukukhanya kwefilimu enezingqimba eyodwa cishe kungama-90%, ifilimu enezingqimba eziningi ngokwemvelo izoholela ekunciphiseni ukudlulisa ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isembozo sokudlulisa ukukhanya esinezingqimba eziningi, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo zokukhanyisa kanye nezidingo zokukhanyisa zezindlu zokugcina izithombo.

02 Qinisa ukuvikela uphahla lwangaphambili ebusuku

Ifilimu yepulasitiki isetshenziswa ophahleni olungaphambili ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya emini, futhi iba yindawo ebuthakathaka kakhulu kuyo yonke indlu eluhlaza ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, ukumboza ubuso bangaphandle bophahla olungaphambili ngendwangu yokushisa ehlanganisiwe ebanzi kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo sokushisa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo zelanga. Isibonelo, esifundeni sase-Qinghai alpine, uLiu Yanjie nabanye basebenzise amakhethini otshani kanye nephepha le-kraft njengendwangu yokushisa yelanga yokuhlolwa. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu langaphakathi endlini eluhlaza ebusuku lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-7.7℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uWei Wenxiang ukholelwa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwendlu eluhlaza kungancishiswa ngaphezu kuka-90% ngokusebenzisa amakhethini otshani obuphindwe kabili noma iphepha le-kraft ngaphandle kwamakhethini otshani ukuze kufakwe ukushisa kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uZou Ping, njll. basebenzise indwangu yokushisa ye-fiber ephinde yasetshenziswa ene-needled felt felt ku-greenhouse yelanga esifundeni saseGobi eXinjiang, kanye noChang Meimei, njll. basebenzise indwangu yokushisa ye-sandwich cotton thermal insulation ku-greenhouse yelanga esifundeni saseGobi eHexi Corridor. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindwangu zokufaka ukushisa ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zelanga, kodwa iningi lazo lenziwe ngefelt enenaliti, ukotini ofuthwe ngeglue, ukotini wamaparele, njll., ngezingqimba ezingaphezulu ezingangeni manzi noma ezilwa nokuguga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Ngokwendlela yokufaka ukushisa yendwangu yokufaka ukushisa, ukuze sithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo kokufaka ukushisa, kufanele siqale ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokushisa nokunciphisa i-coefficient yayo yokudlulisa ukushisa, futhi izinyathelo eziyinhloko ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kwezinto, ukwandisa ukujiya kwezingqimba zezinto noma ukwandisa inani lezingqimba zezinto, njll. Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, izinto eziyinhloko zendwangu yokufaka ukushisa enekhono eliphezulu lokufaka ukushisa zivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinezingqimba eziningi. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa, i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa yendwangu yokufaka ukushisa enekhono eliphezulu lokufaka ukushisa okwamanje ingafinyelela ku-0.5W/(m2℃), okunikeza isiqinisekiso esingcono sokufaka ukushisa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezibandayo ebusika. Yiqiniso, indawo esenyakatho-ntshonalanga inomoya futhi inothuli, futhi imisebe ye-ultraviolet inamandla, ngakho-ke ungqimba lokufaka ukushisa kufanele lube nokusebenza okuhle kokuvimbela ukuguga.

03 Engeza ikhethini lokuvikela ukushisa langaphakathi.

Nakuba uphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu yokugcina ukukhanya kwelanga lumbozwe ngendwangu yokuvikela ukushisa yangaphandle ebusuku, ngokuqondene nezinye izakhiwo zendlu yokugcina ukukhanya yonke, uphahla lwangaphambili luseyindawo ebuthakathaka yendlu yokugcina ukukhanya yonke ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, ithimba lephrojekthi le-“Structure and Construction Technology of Greenhouse in Northwest Non-arrable Land” laklama uhlelo olulula lokuvikela ukushisa lwangaphakathi (Isithombe 1), olunesakhiwo salo esiqukethe ikhethini lokuvikela ukushisa langaphakathi eliqinile onyaweni lwangaphambili kanye nekhethini lokuvikela ukushisa langaphakathi elihambayo esikhaleni esiphezulu. Ikhethini lokuvikela ukushisa elihambayo eliphezulu liyavulwa futhi ligoqwe odongeni lwangemuva lwendlu yokugcina ukukhanya emini, okungathinti ukukhanya kwendlu yokugcina ukukhanya; Ikhethini lokuvikela ukushisa eliqinile elingaphansi lidlala indima yokuvala ebusuku. Umklamo wokuvikela ukushisa wangaphakathi ucocekile futhi kulula ukuwusebenzisa, futhi ungadlala indima yomthunzi nokupholisa ehlobo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokufudumala obusebenzayo

Ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi ebusika enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina, uma sithembele kuphela ekugcinweni kokushisa kanye nokugcinwa kokushisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, asisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo isikhathi eside ebusika kwezinye izimo zezulu ezibandayo, ngakho-ke kunezinye izindlela zokufudumala ezisebenzayo nazo ezithintekayo.

Isitoreji samandla elanga kanye nesistimu yokukhulula ukushisa

Kuyisizathu esibalulekile ukuthi udonga lunemisebenzi yokugcina ukushisa, ukugcina ukushisa kanye nokuthwala umthwalo, okuholela ezindleleni zokwakha eziphakeme kanye nezinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa komhlaba wezindawo zokugcina ukushisa zelanga. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza lula nokuhlanganisa izindawo zokugcina ukushisa zelanga nakanjani kuzoba yisiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko esikhathini esizayo. Phakathi kwazo, ukwenza lula umsebenzi wodonga ukukhulula umsebenzi wokugcina ukushisa nokukhulula udonga, ukuze udonga olungemuva luthwale kuphela umsebenzi wokulondoloza ukushisa, okuyindlela ephumelelayo yokwenza lula intuthuko. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokugcina ukushisa olusebenzayo lwe-Fang Hui (Isithombe 2) lusetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezingalinywanga njenge-Gansu, i-Ningxia kanye ne-Xinjiang. Idivayisi yalo yokuqoqa ukushisa ilenga odongeni olusenyakatho. Emini, ukushisa okuqoqwe yidivayisi yokuqoqa ukushisa kugcinwa emzimbeni wokugcina ukushisa ngokujikeleza kwendawo yokugcina ukushisa, kanti ebusuku, ukushisa kukhishwa futhi kufudunyezwe ukujikeleza kwendawo yokugcina ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqaphele ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngesikhathi nendawo. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi ku-greenhouse lingakhushulwa ngo-3 ~ 5℃ ngokusebenzisa le divayisi. UWang Zhiwei njll. wabeka uhlelo lokushisa amakhethini amanzi lwendlu yokugcina izithombo zelanga endaweni ehlane eseningizimu yeXinjiang, olungakhuphula izinga lokushisa lendlu yokugcina izithombo ngo-2.1℃ ebusuku.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBao Encai njll. yaklama uhlelo lokujikeleza lokushisa olusebenzayo odongeni olusenyakatho. Emini, ngokuzungeza kwama-axial fans, umoya oshisayo wangaphakathi ugeleza ngomsele wokudlulisa ukushisa ofakwe odongeni olusenyakatho, kanti umsele wokudlulisa ukushisa ushintshana ngokushisa nesendlalelo sokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi kodonga, okuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla okugcina ukushisa odongeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokugcina ukushisa olushintsha isigaba selanga oluklanywe nguYan Yantao njll. lugcina ukushisa ezintweni zokushintsha isigaba ngokusebenzisa abaqoqi belanga emini, bese luhlakaza ukushisa emoyeni wangaphakathi ngokujikeleza komoya ebusuku, okungakhuphula izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ngo-2.0℃ ebusuku. Ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokusebenzisa amandla elanga engenhla inezici zokonga, ukonga amandla kanye nekhabhoni ephansi. Ngemva kokwenza ngcono nokuthuthukisa, kufanele babe nethuba elihle lokusebenzisa ezindaweni ezinemithombo eminingi yamandla elanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina.

Eminye imishini yokushisa ewusizo

01 Ukushisa kwamandla e-biomass

Izingubo zokulala, utshani, ubulongwe bezinkomo, ubulongwe bezimvu kanye nobulongwe bezinkukhu kuxutshwa namagciwane ezinto eziphilayo futhi kungcwatshwe enhlabathini endlini eluhlaza. Ukushisa okuningi kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokubilisa, futhi izinhlobo eziningi eziwusizo, izinto eziphilayo kanye ne-CO2 kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokubilisa. Izinhlobo eziwusizo zingavimbela futhi zibulale amagciwane ahlukahlukene, futhi zinganciphisa ukuvela kwezifo ezithinta ukushisa kanye nezinambuzane; Izinto eziphilayo zingaba umanyolo wezitshalo; I-CO2 ekhiqizwayo ingathuthukisa i-photosynthesis yezitshalo. Isibonelo, uWei Wenxiang wangcwaba umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo oshisayo njengomanyolo wamahhashi, ubulongwe bezinkomo kanye nomanyolo wezimvu enhlabathini yangaphakathi endlini eluhlaza eQinghai Plateau, okwaphakamisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi. Endaweni eluhlaza ehlane laseGansu, uZhou Zhilong wasebenzisa utshani kanye nomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ukubilisa phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa lendlu eluhlaza lingakhushulwa ngo-2 ~ 3℃.

02 Ukushisa kwamalahle

Kukhona isitofu sokwenziwa, isifudumezi samanzi esonga amandla kanye nokushisa. Isibonelo, ngemva kophenyo e-Qinghai Plateau, u-Wei Wenxiang uthole ukuthi ukushisa kwesitofu sokwenziwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa endaweni. Le ndlela yokushisa inezinzuzo zokushisa okusheshayo kanye nomphumela wokushisa osobala. Kodwa-ke, amagesi ayingozi njenge-SO2, i-CO kanye ne-H2S azokhiqizwa enkambisweni yokushisa amalahle, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokukhipha amagesi ayingozi.

03 Ukushisa ngogesi

Sebenzisa ucingo lokushisa lukagesi ukushisa uphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza okotshani, noma usebenzise i-heater kagesi. Umphumela wokushisa uyamangalisa, ukusetshenziswa kuphephile, akukho ukungcola okukhiqizwayo endlini eluhlaza okotshani, futhi imishini yokushisa kulula ukuyilawula. UChen Weiqian nabanye bacabanga ukuthi inkinga yomonakalo obandayo ebusika endaweni yaseJiuquan ivimbela intuthuko yezolimo zasendaweni zaseGobi, futhi izinto zokushisa zikagesi zingasetshenziswa ukushisa indlu eluhlaza okotshani. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zamandla kagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu futhi izindleko ziphezulu. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe njengendlela yesikhashana yokushisa okuphuthumayo esimweni sezulu esibandayo kakhulu.

Izindlela zokuphatha imvelo

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa i-greenhouse, imishini ephelele kanye nokusebenza okuvamile akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuthi indawo yayo eshisayo ihlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwemishini kuvame ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwendawo eshisayo, okubaluleke kakhulu kuyo ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwe-quilt kanye ne-vent yokushisa.

Ukuphathwa kwendwangu yokushisa evikela ukushisa

Indwangu yokushisa evikela ukushisa iyinhloko yokushisa ebusuku ophahleni lwangaphambili, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwayo kwansuku zonke kanye nokugcinwa kwayo, ikakhulukazi izinkinga ezilandelayo okufanele ziqashelwe: ①Khetha isikhathi esifanele sokuvula nokuvala indwangu yokushisa evikela ukushisa. Isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala indwangu yokushisa evikela ukushisa asigcini nje ngokuphazamisa isikhathi sokukhanyisa kwendlu eluhlaza okotshani, kodwa futhi sithinta nenqubo yokushisa endlini eluhlaza okotshani. Ukuvula nokuvala indwangu yokushisa evikela ukushisa kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuzile akuhambisani nokuqoqwa kokushisa. Ekuseni, uma indwangu ingabonakali kusenesikhathi, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lizokwehla kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kwangaphandle kanye nokukhanya okubuthakathaka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isikhathi sokudalula indwangu sekwephuzile, isikhathi sokwamukela ukukhanya endlini eluhlaza okotshani sizofinyezwa, futhi isikhathi sokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa langaphakathi sizolibaziseka. Ntambama, uma indwangu yokushisa evikela ukushisa icishiwe kusenesikhathi, isikhathi sokuchayeka endlini sizofinyezwa, futhi indawo yokugcina ukushisa yenhlabathi nezindonga zangaphakathi izoncishiswa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ukulondolozwa kokushisa kucishiwe sekwephuzile, ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwendlu eluhlaza okotshani kuzokwanda ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kwangaphandle kanye nokukhanya okubuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, uma i-quilt yokushisa ivuliwe ekuseni, kutuswa ukuba izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngemva kokwehla okungu-1 ~ 2℃, kuyilapho uma i-quilt yokushisa ivaliwe, kutuswa ukuba izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngemva kokwehla okungu-1 ~ 2℃. ② Uma uvala i-quilt yokushisa, naka ukuthi i-quilt yokushisa imboza zonke iziphahla zangaphambili kahle yini, bese uzilungisa ngesikhathi uma kukhona igebe. ③ Ngemva kokuba i-quilt yokushisa ibekwe phansi ngokuphelele, hlola ukuthi ingxenye engezansi icindezelwe yini, ukuze kuvinjelwe umphumela wokulondolozwa kokushisa ukuthi ungaphakanyiswa umoya ebusuku. ④ Hlola futhi ulondoloze i-quilt yokushisa ngesikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho i-quilt yokushisa yonakele, yilungise noma uyishintshe ngesikhathi. ⑤ Naka izimo zezulu ngesikhathi. Uma kunemvula noma iqhwa, mboza i-quilt yokushisa ngesikhathi bese ususa iqhwa ngesikhathi.

Ukuphathwa kwezindawo zokungenisa umoya

Inhloso yokungenisa umoya ebusika ukulungisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ukuze kugwenywe izinga lokushisa eleqile cishe emini; Okwesibili ukususa umswakama wangaphakathi, ukunciphisa umswakama womoya endlini eluhlaza okotshani nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo; Okwesithathu ukwandisa ukugcwala kwe-CO2 yangaphakathi nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ukungenisa umoya nokulondolozwa kokushisa kuyaphikisana. Uma ukungenisa umoya kungaphathwa kahle, cishe kuzoholela ezinkingeni zokushisa eziphansi. Ngakho-ke, nini futhi isikhathi esingakanani sokuvula imigodi yomoya kudingeka kulungiswe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwezimo zemvelo zendlu eluhlaza okotshani nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ezindaweni ezingalinywanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga, ukuphathwa kwemigodi yomoya yokotshani kuhlukaniswe kakhulu ngezindlela ezimbili: ukusebenza ngesandla kanye nokungenisa umoya okulula komshini. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuvula kanye nesikhathi sokungenisa umoya semigodi yomoya kusekelwe kakhulu ekwahluleleni kwabantu, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi imigodi yomoya ivulwe kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuzile kakhulu. Ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingenhla, i-Yin Yilei njll. yaklama idivayisi yokungenisa umoya ehlakaniphile yophahla, enganquma isikhathi sokuvula kanye nosayizi wokuvula nokuvala wemigodi yomoya ngokwezinguquko zemvelo yangaphakathi. Ngokujula kocwaningo ngomthetho wokushintsha kwemvelo kanye nesidingo sezitshalo, kanye nokwanda kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini efana nokuqonda kwemvelo, ukuqoqwa kolwazi, ukuhlaziywa kanye nokulawula, ukuzenzekela kokuphathwa komoya opholile ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zelanga kufanele kube yisiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko esikhathini esizayo.

Ezinye izindlela zokuphatha

Enkambisweni yokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafilimu eshedi, amandla azo okudlulisa ukukhanya azoncipha kancane kancane, futhi ijubane lokuncipha alihlobene nje kuphela nezakhiwo zawo zomzimba, kodwa futhi lihlobene nendawo ezungezile kanye nokuphathwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Enkambisweni yokusebenzisa, into ebaluleke kakhulu eholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kokudlulisa ukukhanya ukungcola kobuso befilimu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlanza nokuhlanza njalo uma izimo zivuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo esivalekile sendlu yokugcina izithombo kufanele sihlolwe njalo. Uma kukhona ukuvuza odongeni nasophahleni lwangaphambili, kufanele kulungiswe ngesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuthi indlu yokugcina izithombo ingathinteki ukungena komoya obandayo.

Izinkinga ezikhona kanye nesiqondiso sentuthuko

Abacwaningi bahlole futhi bafunda ubuchwepheshe bokugcina nokugcina ukushisa, ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha kanye nezindlela zokufudumeza izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezingalinywanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga iminyaka eminingi, okuye kwaveza ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ebusika kakhulu, kwathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lendlu yokugcina izithombo lokumelana nokulimala okubandayo okuphansi, futhi kwaveza ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ebusika kakhulu. Kuye kwaba negalelo elingokomlando ekunciphiseni ukungqubuzana phakathi kokudla nemifino encintisana ngomhlaba eShayina. Kodwa-ke, kusenezinkinga ezilandelayo kubuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina.

Izinhlobo ze-greenhouse ezizothuthukiswa

Njengamanje, izinhlobo zezindlu zokugcina izithombo ziseyizo ezivamile ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, ngesakhiwo esilula, umklamo ongenangqondo, ikhono eliphansi lokugcina indawo eshisayo yendlu yokugcina izithombo nokumelana nezinhlekelele zemvelo, kanye nokuntuleka kwezindinganiso. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwendlu yokugcina izithombo esikhathini esizayo, ukuma nokuthambekela kophahla lwangaphambili, i-azimuth angle yendlu yokugcina izithombo, ukuphakama kodonga lwangemuva, ukujula kokucwila kwendlu yokugcina izithombo, njll. kufanele kulinganiswe ngokuhlanganisa ngokuphelele i-latitude yendawo kanye nezici zesimo sezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungatshalwa isitshalo esisodwa kuphela endlini yokugcina izithombo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze ukufaniswa kwendlu yokugcina izithombo ejwayelekile kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokukhanya nokushisa kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe.

Isikali se-greenhouse sincane kakhulu.

Uma isikali se-greenhouse sincane kakhulu, sizothinta ukuzinza kwendawo eshisayo ye-greenhouse kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini. Ngokukhuphuka kancane kancane kwezindleko zabasebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, kufanele sizisekele ezingeni lentuthuko yendawo, sicabangele izidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, siklame ngokunengqondo isikhala sangaphakathi kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokugcina izitshalo, sisheshise ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezolimo efanele izindawo zasendaweni, futhi sithuthukise izinga lokukhiqiza imishini ye-greenhouse. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwezidingo zezitshalo namaphethini okulima, imishini efanele kufanele ihambisane namazinga, futhi ucwaningo oluhlanganisiwe kanye nentuthuko, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthandwa komoya, ukunciphisa umswakama, ukulondolozwa kokushisa kanye nemishini yokushisa kufanele kukhuthazwe.

Ubukhulu bezindonga ezifana nesihlabathi namabhulokhi angenalutho busalokhu bubukhulu.

Uma udonga lulukhulu kakhulu, yize umphumela wokushisa umuhle, uzonciphisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi, kwandise izindleko kanye nobunzima bokwakha. Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubukhulu bodonga bungathuthukiswa ngokwesayensi ngokwezimo zezulu zendawo; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sikhuthaze ukukhanya kanye nokuthuthukiswa okulula kodonga lwangemuva, ukuze udonga lwangemuva lwendlu yokugcina ukushisa lugcine umsebenzi wokulondolozwa kokushisa kuphela, sisebenzise abaqoqi belanga neminye imishini ukufaka esikhundleni sokugcina ukushisa nokukhululwa kodonga. Abaqoqi belanga banezici zokusebenza kahle kokuqoqa ukushisa okuphezulu, amandla aqinile okuqoqa ukushisa, ukonga amandla, i-carbon ephansi njalo njalo, futhi iningi labo lingafinyelela ukulawulwa okusebenzayo nokulawula, futhi lingenza ukushisa okuqondiwe kwe-exothermic ngokwezidingo zemvelo zendlu yokugcina ukushisa ebusuku, ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokusetshenziswa kokushisa.

Kudingeka kuthuthukiswe indwangu ekhethekile yokuvikela ukushisa.

Uphahla lwangaphambili luyisici esiyinhloko sokuchithwa kokushisa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, futhi ukusebenza kokufakwa kokushisa kwendwangu yokufakwa kokushisa kuthinta ngqo indawo ebamba ukushisa yangaphakathi. Njengamanje, indawo ebamba ukushisa kwezinye izindawo ayilungile, ngokwengxenye ngoba ingubo yokufakwa kokushisa incane kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokufakwa kokushisa kwezinto akwanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingubo yokufakwa kokushisa isenezinkinga ezithile, njengokungakwazi ukungena kwamanzi nokuskiya kahle, ukuguga kalula kwezinto ezingaphandle kanye nezingaphakathi, njll. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, izinto zokufakwa kokushisa ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe ngokwesayensi ngokwezici zesimo sezulu sendawo kanye nezidingo, futhi imikhiqizo ekhethekile yendwangu yokufakwa kokushisa efanele ukusetshenziswa kwendawo kanye nokuthandwa kufanele iklanywe futhi ithuthukiswe.

ISIPHETHO

Ulwazi olucashuniwe

ULuo Ganliang, uCheng Jieyu, uWang Pingzhi, njll. Isimo socwaningo lobuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa kwemvelo lokushisa kwe-solar greenhouse endaweni engatshalwanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga [J]. Ubuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo, 2022,42(28):12-20.