Ucwaningo Ngomphumela Wokukhanya Okungeziwe kwe-LED Ekukhiqizeni Umphumela Okhulayo We-Hydroponic Lettuce kanye ne-Pakchoi E-Greenhouse Ebusika
[Isifinyezo] Ubusika eShanghai buvame ukubhekana nokushisa okuphansi kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi, kanti ukukhula kwemifino enamaqabunga e-hydroponic ku-greenhouse kuhamba kancane futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza mude, ongakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe sokutholakala. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izibani ezengeziwe zezitshalo ze-LED seziqalile ukusetshenziswa ekutshalweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe-greenhouse, ngezinga elithile, ukuze kulungiswe iphutha lokuthi ukukhanya okuqongelelwe nsuku zonke ku-greenhouse akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo lapho ukukhanya kwemvelo kunganele. Ekuhlolweni, izinhlobo ezimbili zezibani ezengeziwe ze-LED ezinekhwalithi ehlukile yokukhanya zafakwa ku-greenhouse ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-lettuce ye-hydroponic kanye nesiqu esiluhlaza ebusika. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili zezibani ze-LED zingakhulisa kakhulu isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye se-pakchoi ne-lettuce. Umphumela okhulayo we-pakchoi ubonakala kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yokuzwa iyonke njengokukhula kwamaqabunga nokuqina, kanti umphumela okhulayo we-lettuce ubonakala kakhulu ekwandeni kwenani lamaqabunga kanye nokuqukethwe okomile.

Ukukhanya kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhula kwezitshalo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izibani ze-LED zisetshenziswe kabanzi ekulimeni nasekukhiqizeni endaweni yokushisa ngenxa yesilinganiso sazo sokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric ephezulu, i-spectrum engenziwa ngokwezifiso, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo [1]. Emazweni angaphandle, ngenxa yokuqala kokuqala kocwaningo oluhlobene kanye nohlelo lokusekela oluvuthiwe, ukukhiqizwa okuningi kwezimbali, izithelo nemifino emikhulu kunamasu okwengeza ukukhanya aphelele. Ukuqongelela inani elikhulu ledatha yokukhiqiza yangempela kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi babikezele ngokucacile umphumela wokwandisa umkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubuyiselwa kwemali ngemva kokusebenzisa uhlelo lokukhanya kwe-LED kuyahlolwa [2]. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluningi lwasekhaya lwamanje mayelana nokukhanya kwe-supplemental luthambekele ekhwalithini yokukhanya okuncane kanye nokwenza ngcono kwe-spectral, futhi alunawo amasu okukhanya kwe-supplemental angasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwangempela [3]. Abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya bazosebenzisa ngqo izixazululo zokukhanyisa kwe-supplemental zangaphandle ezikhona lapho besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa kwe-supplemental ekukhiqizeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zezulu zendawo yokukhiqiza zinjani, izinhlobo zemifino ekhiqizwayo, kanye nezimo zezikhungo nemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko eziphezulu zemishini yokukhanya kwe-supplemental kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kuvame ukuholela ekungeneni okukhulu phakathi kwesivuno sangempela sesivuno kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezomnotho kanye nomphumela olindelekile. Isimo esinjalo samanje asikhuthazi ukuthuthukiswa nokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokwengeza ukukhanya nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa ezweni. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokufaka ngokunengqondo imikhiqizo yokwengeza ukukhanya kwe-LED evuthiwe ezindaweni zangempela zokukhiqiza zasekhaya, ukuthuthukisa amasu okusebenzisa, nokuqoqa idatha efanele.

Ubusika yisikhathi lapho imifino emisha enamaqabunga idingeka kakhulu. Izindawo zokugcina izitshalo zinganikeza indawo efanelekile yokukhula kwemifino enamaqabunga ebusika kunamasimu okulima angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, isihloko saveza ukuthi ezinye izindawo zokugcina izitshalo ezindala noma ezingahlanzekile kahle zinokudluliswa kokukhanya okungaphansi kuka-50% ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezulu semvula eside sivame ukwenzeka ebusika, okwenza indawo yokugcina izitshalo ibe sendaweni ephansi yokushisa nokukhanya okuphansi, okuthinta ukukhula okuvamile kwezitshalo. Ukukhanya sekuyinto evimbela ukukhula kwemifino ebusika [4]. I-Green Cube efakwe ekukhiqizweni kwangempela isetshenziswa kulolu cwaningo. Uhlelo lokutshala imifino enamaqabunga ageleza kancane luhambisana namamojula amabili okukhanya okuphezulu kwe-LED e-Signify (China) Investment Co., Ltd. anezilinganiso ezahlukene zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukutshala i-lettuce ne-pakchoi, okuyimifino emibili enamaqabunga enesidingo esikhulu semakethe, kuhlose ukutadisha ukwanda kwangempela kokukhiqizwa kwemifino yamaqabunga e-hydroponic ngokukhanya kwe-LED endaweni yokugcina izitshalo ebusika.

Izimpahla nezindlela
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa

Izinto zokuhlola ezisetshenziswe kulolu vivinyo kwakuyimifino yelethisi ne-packchoi. Uhlobo lwelethisi, i-Green Leaf Lettuce, luvela eBeijing Dingfeng Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., kanti uhlobo lwe-pakchoi, i-Brilliant Green, luvela e-Horticulture Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Indlela yokuhlola

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa endaweni yokushisa ingilazi yohlobo lweWenluo yesisekelo saseSunqiao seShanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. kusukela ngoNovemba 2019 kuya kuFebhuwari 2020. Kwaqhutshwa imijikelezo emibili yokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe. Umjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlolwa wawusekupheleni kuka-2019, kanti umjikelezo wesibili wawusekuqaleni kuka-2020. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, izinto zokuhlola zafakwa egumbini lesimo sezulu sokukhanya okwenziwe ukuze kukhuliswe izithombo, kwasetshenziswa ukuchelela ngamaza. Ngesikhathi sokukhulisa izithombo, kwasetshenziswa isisombululo sezakhamzimba esijwayelekile semifino ye-hydroponic ene-EC engu-1.5 kanye ne-pH engu-5.5 ukuchelela. Ngemva kokuba izithombo zikhule zaba amaqabunga amathathu kanye nesigaba senhliziyo esisodwa, zatshalwa embhedeni wokutshala imifino enamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemva kokutshala, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba esigeleza kancane lusebenzise isisombululo sezakhamzimba se-EC 2 kanye ne-pH 6 ukuchelela nsuku zonke. Imvamisa yokuchelela yayiyimizuzu eyi-10 lapho kuhlinzekwa ngamanzi kanye nemizuzu engama-20 lapho kumiswe ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. Iqembu lokulawula (akukho isengezo sokukhanya) kanye neqembu lokwelapha (isengezo sokukhanya se-LED) kwabekwa ekuhlolweni. I-CK yatshalwa endaweni yokugcina ukukhanya yengilazi ngaphandle kwesisengezo sokukhanya. I-LB: i-drw-lb Ho (200W) yasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukukhanya ngemva kokutshala endaweni yokugcina ukukhanya yengilazi. Ubuningi bokukhanya (i-PPFD) ebusweni bekhanophi yemifino ye-hydroponic babungaba ngu-140 μmol/(㎡·S). I-MB: ngemva kokutshala endaweni yokugcina ukukhanya yengilazi, i-drw-lb (200W) yasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukukhanya, kanti i-PPFD yayingaba ngu-140 μmol/(㎡·S).

Umjikelezo wokuqala wosuku lokutshala oluhlolwayo ungoNovemba 8, 2019, kanti usuku lokutshala ungoNovemba 25, 2019. Isikhathi sokwengeza ukukhanya seqembu lokuhlola singu-6:30-17:00; umjikelezo wesibili wosuku lokutshala oluhlolwayo ungoDisemba 30, 2019 Usuku, usuku lokutshala ungoJanuwari 17, 2020, kanti isikhathi sokwengeza seqembu lokuhlola singu-4:00-17:00
Uma kunesimo sezulu esishisayo ebusika, i-greenhouse izovula uphahla lwelanga, ifilimu eseceleni kanye nefeni ukuze kungene umoya nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-6:00-17:00. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi ebusuku, i-greenhouse izovala i-skylight, ifilimu eseceleni kanye nefeni ngo-17:00-6:00 (ngosuku olulandelayo), bese ivula ikhethini lokuvikela ukushisa ku-greenhouse ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa ebusuku.

Ukuqoqwa Kwedatha

Ukuphakama kwesitshalo, inani lamaqabunga, kanye nesisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye kutholakale ngemuva kokuvuna izingxenye ezingenhla komhlaba ze-Qingjingcai kanye ne-lettuce. Ngemva kokulinganisa isisindo esisha, safakwa kuhhavini futhi somiswa ku-75℃ amahora angu-72. Ngemva kokuphela, kwanqunywa isisindo esomile. Izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse kanye ne-Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD, Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) kuqoqwa futhi kuqoshwe njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 yi-temperature sensor (RS-GZ-N01-2) kanye ne-photosynthetically active radiation sensor (GLZ-CG).

Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha

Bala ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kokukhanya (LUE, Light Use Efficiency) ngokwefomula elandelayo:
I-LUE (g/mol) = isivuno semifino ngeyunithi ngayinye/inani eliphelele lokukhanya elitholwe yimifino ngeyunithi ngayinye kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvunweni
Bala okuqukethwe kodaka olumile ngokwefomula elandelayo:
Okuqukethwe kwezinto ezomile (%) = isisindo esomile ngesitshalo ngasinye/isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye x 100%
Sebenzisa i-Excel2016 kanye ne-IBM SPSS Statistics 20 ukuhlaziya idatha ekuhlolweni nokuhlaziya ukubaluleka komehluko.

Izimpahla nezindlela
Ukukhanya kanye Nezinga Lokushisa

Umjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola wathatha izinsuku ezingu-46 kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvunweni, kanti umjikelezo wesibili wathatha izinsuku ezingu-42 kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvunweni. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke endlini eluhlaza laliphakathi kuka-10-18 ℃; ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesibili wokuhlola, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke endlini eluhlaza kwakukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okwenzeka ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi lansuku zonke lingu-8.39 ℃ kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lansuku zonke lingu-20.23 ℃. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke libonise ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo phakathi nenqubo yokukhula (Isithombe 1).

Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola, i-daily light integral (DLI) ku-greenhouse yashintshashintsha ngaphansi kuka-14 mol/(㎡·D). Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesibili wokuhlola, inani eliqongelelekayo lansuku zonke lokukhanya kwemvelo ku-greenhouse libonise ukuthambekela okuphezulu, okwakuphakeme kuno-8 mol/(㎡·D), futhi inani eliphakeme lavela ngoFebhuwari 27, 2020, okwakungu-26.1 mol/(㎡·D). Ushintsho lwenani eliqongelelekayo lansuku zonke lokukhanya kwemvelo ku-greenhouse ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesibili wokuhlola lwalukhulu kunalokho ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola (Isithombe 2). Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola, inani eliphelele lokukhanya kwansuku zonke (isamba sokukhanya kwemvelo i-DLI kanye nokukhanya okwengeziwe kwe-LED i-DLI) kweqembu lokukhanya okwengeziwe laliphakeme kuno-8 mol/(㎡·D) isikhathi esiningi. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesibili wokuhlola, inani eliphelele lokukhanya kwansuku zonke eliqongelelekayo leqembu lokukhanya okwengeziwe lalingaphezu kuka-10 mol/(㎡·D) isikhathi esiningi. Inani eliphelele lokukhanya okwengeziwe emzuliswaneni wesibili lalingu-31.75 mol/㎡ ngaphezu kwalelo emzuliswaneni wokuqala.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwemifino Enamaqabunga Nokusetshenziswa Kahle Kwamandla Okukhanya

●Umjikelezo wokuqala wemiphumela yokuhlolwa
Kungabonakala kuFig. 3 ukuthi i-pakchoi efakwe i-LED ikhula kangcono, isimo sesitshalo sincane kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga makhulu futhi ajiyile kune-CK engafakiwe. Amaqabunga e-pakchoi e-LB ne-MB akhanya futhi aluhlaza okotshani kune-CK. Kungabonakala kuFig. 4 ukuthi ilethisi enokukhanya kwe-LED okungeziwe ikhula kangcono kune-CK ngaphandle kokukhanya kwe-supplement, inani lamaqabunga liphezulu, futhi isimo sesitshalo sigcwele.

Kungabonakala kuThebula 1 ukuthi akukho mehluko obalulekile ekuphakameni kwesitshalo, inani lamaqabunga, okuqukethwe kwezinto ezomile kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwe-pakchoi ephathwe nge-CK, LB kanye ne-MB, kodwa isisindo esisha se-pakchoi ephathwe nge-LB kanye ne-MB siphakeme kakhulu kunese-CK; Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile esisindweni esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye phakathi kwezibani ezimbili ze-LED ezikhula ngezilinganiso ezihlukene zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekwelapheni i-LB kanye ne-MB.

Kungabonakala etafuleni 2 ukuthi ukuphakama kwesitshalo se-lettuce ekwelashweni kwe-LB kwakuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho ekwelashweni kwe-CK, kodwa kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwelashwa kwe-LB nokwelashwa kwe-MB. Kwakukhona umehluko omkhulu enanini lamaqabunga phakathi kokwelashwa okuthathu, futhi inani lamaqabunga ekwelashweni kwe-MB laliphezulu kakhulu, okwakungu-27. Isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye sokwelashwa kwe-LB sasiphezulu kakhulu, okwakungu-101g. Kwakukhona nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu kokuqukethwe kwezinto ezomile phakathi kokwelashwa kwe-CK ne-LB. Okuqukethwe kwe-MB kwakuphakeme ngo-4.24% kunokwelashwa kwe-CK ne-LB. Kwakukhona umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokusetshenziswa kokukhanya phakathi kokwelashwa okuthathu. Ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kokukhanya okuphezulu kwakusekwelashweni kwe-LB, okwakungu-13.23 g/mol, kanti okuphansi kwakusekwelashweni kwe-CK, okwakungu-10.72 g/mol.

●Umjikelezo wesibili wemiphumela yokuhlolwa

Kungabonakala kuThebula 3 ukuthi ukuphakama kwesitshalo sePakchoi esiphathwe nge-MB kwakuphakeme kakhulu kunokwe-CK, futhi kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwayo nokwelashwa kwe-LB. Inani lamaqabunga ePakchoi aphathwe nge-LB ne-MB laliphakeme kakhulu kunele-CK, kodwa kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu amabili okwelashwa kokukhanya okwengeziwe. Kwakukhona umehluko omkhulu esisindweni esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye phakathi kokwelashwa okuthathu. Isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye ku-CK sasiphansi kakhulu ku-47 g, kanti ukwelashwa kwe-MB kwakuphakeme kakhulu ku-116 g. Kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu kokuqukethwe kwezinto ezomile phakathi kokwelashwa okuthathu. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla okukhanya. I-CK iphansi ku-8.74 g/mol, kanti ukwelashwa kwe-MB kuphakeme kakhulu ku-13.64 g/mol.

Kungabonakala kuThebula 4 ukuthi bekungekho mehluko obalulekile ekuphakameni kwesitshalo se-lettuce phakathi kwezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha. Inani lamaqabunga ekwelashweni kwe-LB kanye ne-MB laliphezulu kakhulu kunele-CK. Phakathi kwawo, inani lamaqabunga e-MB laliphezulu kakhulu ku-26. Bekungekho mehluko obalulekile enanini lamaqabunga phakathi kokwelashwa kwe-LB kanye ne-MB. Isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye samaqembu amabili okwelashwa kokukhanya okungeziwe sasiphezulu kakhulu kunese-CK, kanti isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye sasiphezulu kakhulu ekwelashweni kwe-MB, okwakungu-133g. Bekukhona nomehluko obalulekile phakathi kokwelashwa kwe-LB kanye ne-MB. Bekukhona umehluko obalulekile kokuqukethwe kwento eyomile phakathi kwezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha, kanti okuqukethwe kwento eyomile kokwelashwa kwe-LB kwakuphakeme kakhulu, okwakungu-4.05%. Ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kokwelashwa kwe-MB kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwelashwa kwe-CK kanye ne-LB, okungu-12.67 g/mol.

Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesibili wokuhlola, i-DLI iyonke yeqembu lokukhanya okwengeziwe yayiphakeme kakhulu kune-DLI ngesikhathi esifanayo sezinsuku zokungena ekoloni ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola (Isithombe 1-2), kanye nesikhathi sokukhanya esengeziwe seqembu lokwelashwa kokukhanya okwengeziwe emzuliswaneni wesibili wokuhlola (4:00-00-17:00). Uma kuqhathaniswa nomjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola (6:30-17:00), yanda ngamahora angu-2.5. Isikhathi sokuvuna semizuliswano emibili yePakchoi sasiyizinsuku ezingu-35 ngemva kokutshala. Isisindo esisha sesitshalo ngasinye se-CK emizuliswaneni emibili sasifana. Umehluko wesisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye ekwelashweni kwe-LB kanye ne-MB uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CK emzuliswaneni wesibili wokuhlola wawumkhulu kakhulu kunomehluko wesisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CK emzuliswaneni wokuqala wokuhlola (Ithebula 1, Ithebula 3). Isikhathi sokuvuna somjikelezo wesibili welethisi yokuhlola sasiyizinsuku ezingu-42 ngemva kokutshala, kanti isikhathi sokuvuna somjikelezo wokuqala welethisi yokuhlola sasiyizinsuku ezingu-46 ngemva kokutshala. Inani lezinsuku zokufika kwamakoloni lapho umjikelezo wesibili we-lettuce CK yokuhlolwa wawuvunwa ngezinsuku ezi-4 ngaphansi kweyomjikelezo wokuqala, kodwa isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye siphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.57 kunesomjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlolwa (Ithebula 2 kanye neThebula 4), futhi ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kuyafana. Kungabonakala ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa lifudumala kancane kancane futhi ukukhanya kwemvelo ku-greenhouse kukhula kancane kancane, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza we-lettuce uyafinyezwa.

Izimpahla nezindlela
Imijikelezo emibili yokuhlola yayimboze ubusika bonke eShanghai, kanti iqembu lokulawula (i-CK) lakwazi ukubuyisela isimo sangempela sokukhiqizwa kwesiqu esiluhlaza se-hydroponic kanye ne-lettuce endaweni eluhlaza ngaphansi kokushisa okuphansi kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi ebusika. Iqembu lokuhlola lokwengeza ukukhanya libe nomthelela omkhulu wokukhushulwa kunkomba yedatha enembile kakhulu (isisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye) emijikelezweni emibili yokuhlola. Phakathi kwazo, umphumela wokwanda kwesivuno se-Pakchoi wabonakala ngobukhulu, umbala kanye nobukhulu bamaqabunga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa i-lettuce ivame ukwandisa inani lamaqabunga, futhi ukuma kwesitshalo kubukeka kugcwele. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi ukwengeza ukukhanya kungathuthukisa isisindo esisha kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ekutshalweni kwezigaba ezimbili zemifino, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yemifino. I-Pakchoi engezwe yi- Amamojula okukhanya okuphezulu kwe-LED abomvu-omhlophe, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluphansi kanye nobomvu-omhlophe, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluphakathi nendawo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi akhanya ngokubukeka kunamaqabunga angenawo ukukhanya okwengeziwe, amaqabunga makhulu futhi aqinile, futhi ukuthambekela kokukhula kohlobo lonke lwesitshalo kuncane futhi kunamandla. Kodwa-ke, "i-lettuce e-mosaic" ingeyama-vegetable aluhlaza okotshani, futhi akukho nqubo yokushintsha umbala ecacile enqubweni yokukhula. Ukushintsha kombala wamaqabunga akubonakali emehlweni abantu. Isilinganiso esifanele sokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka singakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga kanye nokwakheka kombala we-photosynthetic, futhi sivimbele ukunwebeka kwama-internode. Ngakho-ke, imifino eqenjini lezithasiselo zokukhanya ithandwa kakhulu ngabathengi ngekhwalithi yokubukeka.

Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesibili wokuhlolwa, inani lokukhanya elihlanganisiwe lansuku zonke leqembu lokukhanya elingeziwe laliphezulu kakhulu kune-DLI ngesikhathi esifanayo sezinsuku zokufika ekoloni ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlolwa (Isithombe 1-2), kanye nesikhathi sokukhanya esingeziwe somjikelezo wesibili weqembu lokwelashwa kokukhanya okungeziwe (4: 00-17: 00), uma kuqhathaniswa nomjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlolwa (6:30-17: 00), landa ngamahora angu-2.5. Isikhathi sokuvuna semijikelezo emibili yePakchoi sasiyizinsuku ezingu-35 ngemva kokutshala. Isisindo esisha se-CK emijikelezweni emibili sasifana. Umehluko wesisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye phakathi kokwelashwa kwe-LB ne-MB kanye ne-CK emjikelezweni wesibili wokuhlolwa wawumkhulu kakhulu kunomehluko wesisindo esisha ngesitshalo ngasinye esine-CK emjikelezweni wokuqala wokuhlolwa (Ithebula 1 kanye neThebula 3). Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa isikhathi sokwengeza ukukhanya kungakhuthaza ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydroponic Pakchoi etshalwe ngaphakathi ebusika. Isikhathi sokuvuna somjikelezo wesibili welethisi yokuhlola sasiyizinsuku ezingama-42 ngemva kokutshala, kanti isikhathi sokuvuna somjikelezo wokuqala welethisi yokuhlola sasiyizinsuku ezingama-46 ngemva kokutshala. Lapho umjikelezo wesibili welethisi yokuhlola uvunwa, inani lezinsuku zokukhula kweqembu le-CK lalingaphansi ngezinsuku ezi-4 kunelomjikelezo wokuqala. Kodwa-ke, isisindo esisha sesitshalo esisodwa sasiphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.57 kunesomjikelezo wokuqala wokuhlola (Ithebula 2 kanye neThebula 4). Ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwakufana. Kungabonakala ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kancane kancane nokukhanya kwemvelo ku-greenhouse kukhula kancane kancane (Isithombe 1-2), umjikelezo wokukhiqiza welethisi ungafinyezwa ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, ukwengeza imishini yokukhanya eyengeziwe ku-greenhouse ebusika ngokushisa okuphansi kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwelethisi, bese kukhulisa umkhiqizo. Emzuliswaneni wokuqala wokuhlola, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya okwengeziwe kwesitshalo semenyu yamaqabunga kwakungu-0.95 kw-h, kanti emzuliswaneni wesibili wokuhlola, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya okwengeziwe kwesitshalo semenyu yamaqabunga kwakungu-1.15 kw-h. Uma kuqhathaniswa phakathi kwemijikelezo emibili yokuhlolwa, ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya kwezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha zePakchoi, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhlolwa kwesibili kwakuphansi kunasekuhlolweni kokuqala. Ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kwamaqembu okwelashwa kokukhanya okungeziwe kwe-lettuce CK kanye ne-LB ekuhlolweni kwesibili kwakuphansi kancane kunasekuhlolweni kokuqala. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isizathu esingenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi lansuku zonke phakathi nesonto ngemva kokutshala kwenza isikhathi sokutshala izithombo sibe sifushane, futhi yize izinga lokushisa liphinde labuya kancane ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ububanzi babulinganiselwe, futhi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke lalisezingeni eliphansi, okwanciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokukhula jikelele we-hydroponics yemifino enamaqabunga. (Isithombe 1).

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, ichibi lesisombululo sezakhamzimba lalingenazo izinto zokufudumeza, ngakho-ke indawo yezimpande zemifino enamaqabunga e-hydroponic yayihlala isezingeni eliphansi lokushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke lalilinganiselwe, okwabangela ukuthi imifino yehluleke ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ukukhanya okuqongelelekayo kwansuku zonke okwandisiwe ngokwandisa ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwe-LED. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufakwa ukukhanya okwengeziwe ku-greenhouse ebusika, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindlela ezifanele zokulondoloza ukushisa kanye nokushisa ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokukhanya okwengeziwe ukwandisa umkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindlela ezifanele zokulondoloza ukushisa kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokwengezwa kokukhanya kanye nokwenyuka kwesivuno ku-greenhouse yasebusika. Ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya okwengeziwe kwe-LED kuzokhulisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngezinga elithile, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ngokwako akuyona imboni ekhiqiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, maqondana nendlela yokwenza ngcono isu lokukhanya okwengeziwe futhi ubambisane nezinye izinyathelo ekukhiqizweni kwangempela kwemifino enamaqabunga e-hydroponic ku-greenhouse yasebusika, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa imishini yokukhanya eyengeziwe ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanya kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho, kusadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokukhiqiza.

Ababhali: Yiming Ji, Kang Liu, Xianping Zhang, Honglei Mao (Shanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.).
Umthombo wesihloko: Ubuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo (Ukulima Okuluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka).

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