Umbhali: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, njll.

Umthombo we-athikili: IGreenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology

Lesi isisekelo sokuhlola se-Haidian District Agricultural Science Institute, kanye ne-Haidian Agricultural High-tech Exhibition and Science Park.Ngo-2017, umbhali wahola ukwethulwa kwe-multi-span plastic film test greenhouse ene-insulation ephezulu yokushisa evela eSouth Korea.Njengamanje, uMqondisi uZheng useyiguqule yaba indawo yokukhiqiza ama-strawberry greenhouse ehlanganisa isibonisi sobuchwepheshe, ukubona indawo nokucosha, ukuzijabulisa nokuzijabulisa.Iqanjwe ngokuthi “i-5G Cloud Strawberry”, futhi ngizokuthatha ukuze niyizwe ndawonye.

I-Strawberry Greenhouse Planting kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwendawo

Ishalofu le-strawberry eliphakanyiswayo kanye nesistimu yokulenga

Ukutshala slot kanye nendlela yokulima

Indawo yokulima igxilisa ukuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngaphansi kwendawo yokulima, futhi unqenqema luphakanyiselwe ngaphandle phakathi nendawo engaphansi yendawo yokulima ohlangothini olude (kusuka ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulima, i-groove engezansi. kwakheka phansi).Amanzi ayinhloko endaweni yokulima abekwe ngokuqondile kulo msele ongaphansi, futhi amanzi achezukile endaweni yokulima nawo aqoqwe kulo msele ngokufana, futhi ekugcineni akhishwe kwenye indawo yokulima.

Izinzuzo zokutshala ama-strawberries ngebhodwe lokulima ukuthi phansi kwebhodwe lokulima kuhlukaniswa nendawo engaphansi yendawo yokulima, futhi i-aquifer ephakeme ngeke yakheke engxenyeni engezansi ye-substrate, kanye nokungena komoya jikelele we-slot. i-substrate iyathuthukiswa;Iyakusabalala nokugeleza kwamanzi okunisela;okwesithathu, ngeke kube khona ukuvuza lapho i-substrate ifakwe ebhodweni lokulima, futhi ishalofu lokulima lihle futhi lihle lilonke.Ububi bale ndlela ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukuchelela ngamaconsi kanye nokutshala amabhodwe okulima kukhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwemishini.

Ukukhula Slots namabhodwe

Ukulima amarack okulenga kanye nesistimu yokuphakamisa

Uhlelo olulengayo noluphakamisayo lweshalofu lokulima ngokuyisisekelo luyafana nalolo lweshalofu lendabuko lokuphakamisa ama-strawberry.Ibhande elilengayo lendawo yokulima lizungeza indawo yokulima, futhi lixhuma ibhande elilengayo nesondo elihlehlayo nesikulufu sikabhasikidi sezimbali esinobude obulungisekayo (esisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukungaguquguquki kobude bokufakwa kwendawo yokulima).Ku-chord engezansi, enye indawo ilimele esondweni elixhunywe ku-drive shaft yesinciphisi semoto.

Uhlelo lokulenga eshalofini lokutshala

Ngokwesisekelo sesistimu ye-hanger yomhlaba wonke, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomumo okhethekile we-cross-sectional we-slot yokulima kanye nezidingo zombukiso wokubuka indawo, ezinye izesekeli eziqondene nawe kanye nezinsiza nakho kuklanywe ngendlela entsha lapha.

(1) Isiphanyeko seshalofu sokutshala.Ibhande elilengayo leshalofu lokulima okokuqala liyibhande elivaliwe, elakhiwe ngokugoba nokushisela ucingo lwensimbi.I-cross-section yengxenye ngayinye ye-buckle elengayo iyafana, futhi izakhiwo zemishini zihambisana;Ingxenye engezansi ye-slot futhi yamukela ukugoba okuhambisanayo kwe-semi-circular;okwesithathu ukugoqa maphakathi nebhande libe yi-angle ebukhali, futhi ibhande elingaphezulu liboshwe ngokuqondile endaweni egobayo, okungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa isikhungo esizinzile samandla adonsela phansi we-slot yokulima, kodwa futhi akwenzeki ukuguqulwa kwe-lateral, futhi iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi i-buckle iboshwe ngokuthembekile futhi ngeke ishelele futhi ihlakazeke.

Ibhande leshalofu lokutshala

(2) Intambo elengayo yokuphepha.Ngokwesisekelo sesistimu yokulenga yendabuko, isethi eyengeziwe yesistimu yokulenga yokuphepha ifakwa njalo ngamamitha angu-6 ubude bendawo yokulima.Izidingo zohlelo olwengeziwe lokulenga ukuphepha, okokuqala, lusebenza ngokuhambisana nohlelo lokulenga idrayivu;okwesibili, ukuba nomthamo owanele wokuthwala.Ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zidingo zokusebenza ezingenhla, isethi yesistimu yokulenga ye-spring winding device yakhelwe futhi ikhethelwe ukuhoxisa intambo elengayo yendawo yokulima.I-winder yasentwasahlobo ihlelwe ngokuhambisana nentambo yokulenga yokushayela, futhi ilengiswe futhi igxilwe ku-chord engezansi ye-greenhouse truss.

Uhlelo Lokumisa Ukuphepha Olwengeziwe

Imishini yokukhiqiza eyisiza ye-rack yokulima

(1) Uhlelo lwamakhadi ezitshalo.Uhlelo lwamakhadi ezitshalo okukhulunywe ngalo lapha ikakhulukazi lwakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: ubakaki wamakhadi wezitshalo nentambo yesiliva enombala.Phakathi kwazo, ubakaki wamakhadi esitshalo ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganiswe nekhadi eligotshwe ngokwengxenye neliphelele elimise okuka-U kanye nekhadi elimise okwe-U elinezinduku zomkhawulo okabili.Ingxenye engezansi nengezansi yekhadi eligoqiwe elimise okuka-U ihambisana nobukhulu bangaphandle bendawo yokulima, futhi izungeze indawo yokulima kusukela phansi;ngemva kokuba amagatsha awo aphindwe kabili edlula isikhundla esivulekile se-slot yokulima, enze ukugoba ukuxhuma izinduku zomkhawulo ophindwe kabili, futhi futhi idlala indima yokuvimbela ukuguqulwa kokuvulwa kwendawo yokulima;igoba elincane elimise okwe-U eliconvex ukuya phezulu, elisetshenziselwa ukulungisa intambo yokuhlukanisa amaqabunga ezithelo zamasitrobheni;ingxenye engaphezulu yekhadi elimise okwe-U igoba elimise okwe-W lokulungisa amagatsha ama-strawberry kanye nentambo yokukama.Ikhadi eligoqiwe elimise okuka-U kanye nenduku yomkhawulo okabili konke kwakhiwa ngokugoba izintambo zensimbi.

Intambo yokuhlukanisa amaqabunga ezithelo isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa amagatsha namaqabunga e-strawberry phakathi nobubanzi bokuvula kwendawo yokulima, futhi ilengise isithelo sama-strawberry ngaphandle kwendawo yokulinywa, okungeyona nje kuphela elungele ukukha izithelo, kodwa futhi ukuvikela ama-strawberry kusuka. Ukufafaza okuqondile komuthi owuketshezi, futhi kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuhlobisa yokutshala ama-sitrobheli.

Uhlelo lwamakhadi ezitshalo

(2) irack ephuzi ehambayo.I-rack ephuzi ehambayo iklanywe ngokukhethekile, okungukuthi, isigxobo esiqondile sokulenga amabhodi aphuzi naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sishiselwe ku-tripod, engabekwa ngokuqondile endaweni ebamba ukushisa futhi ingasuswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

(3) Imoto yokuvikela izitshalo ezishayelayo.Le moto ingafakwa isifutho sokuvikela isitshalo, okungukuthi, isifutho sokushayela esizenzakalelayo, esingakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokuvikela izitshalo ngaphandle kwama-opharetha ngaphakathi endlini ngokuya ngendlela ehlelwe ngekhompiyutha, engavikela impilo yabaqhubi be-greenhouse.

imishini yokuvikela izitshalo

Ukunikezwa Kwezakhi Zomsoco kanye Nohlelo Lokunisela

Uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwezixazululo zomsoco kanye nohlelo lokunisela lwale phrojekthi luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezi-3: enye ingxenye yokulungiswa kwamanzi ecacile;okwesibili uhlelo lokunisela ama-sitrobheli kanye nohlelo lokuvundisa;okwesithathu uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwe-liquid ukuze kulinywe ama-strawberry.Imishini yokulungisa amanzi acwebile kanye nesistimu yesixazululo sezakhi zibizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi inhloko yokuchelela, kanti izinto zokuhlinzeka nokubuyisela amanzi ezitshalweni zibizwa ngokuthi yizisetshenziswa zokuchelela.

Ukunikezwa Kwezakhi Zomsoco kanye Nohlelo Lokunisela

Ukuchelela ngaphambili

Izinto zokulungisa amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele zifakwe izihlungi zesihlabathi namatshe ukuze kukhishwe isihlabathi, kanye nezinto zokuthambisa amanzi ukuze kukhishwe usawoti.Amanzi ahlanzekile ahlungiwe nathambile agcinwa ethangini lokugcina ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva.

Imishini yokumisa yesixazululo sezakhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amathangi ezinto ezingavuthiwe zomanyolo ongu-A no-B, kanye nethangi le-asidi lokulungisa i-pH, kanye nesethi yezixube zikamanyolo.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isixazululo sesitokwe emathangini A, B kanye nethangi le-asidi siyalungiswa futhi sixutshwe ngokulingana ngomshini kamanyolo ngokuya ngefomula ebekiwe ukuze kwakhiwe isixazululo sezakhi ezingaphekiwe, futhi isixazululo sezakhi eziluhlaza esilungiselelwe umshini kamanyolo sigcinwa esitokisini. ithangi lokugcina isixazululo sokulinda.

Imishini yokulungisa isixazululo sezakhi

Ukunikezwa kwamanzi kanye nohlelo lokubuyisela lokutshala ama-strawberry

Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nokubuyiselwa kokutshalwa kwama-strawberry lusebenzisa indlela yokuphakelwa kwamanzi endaweni eyodwa bese lubuyela ekugcineni kwendawo yokutshala.Njengoba i-slot yokulima isebenzisa indlela yokuphakamisa nokulenga, amafomu amabili asetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye nokubuyisela amapayipi e-slot yokulima: elinye ipayipi eliqinile eliqinile;enye ipayipi eliguquguqukayo elihamba liye phezulu naphansi nge-slot yokulima.Ngesikhathi sokunisela nokuvundiswa, ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuvela ethangini lamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nethangi lokugcina uketshezi oluluhlaza kuthunyelwa emshinini odidiyelwe wamanzi kanye nomanyolo ukuze kuxutshwe ngokwesilinganiso esibekiwe (indlela elula ingasebenzisa isifaki somanyolo esilinganiselwe, njengeVenturi. , njll., okungase kunikwe amandla noma okungaqhutshwa amandla) bese ithunyelwa phezulu kwehanger yokulima ngepayipi elikhulu lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi (ipayipi elikhulu lokuhambisa amanzi lifakwe ku-greenhouse truss eduze ne-span ye-greenhouse), futhi ipayipi lerabha eliguquguqukayo lihola amanzi okunisela ukusuka epayipini elikhulu lokuphakela amanzi kuze kube sekupheleni kwendawo yokutshala ngayinye, bese uxhuma epayipini legatsha lokuphakelwa kwamanzi elibekwe endaweni yokulima.Amapayipi amagatsha okuphakelwa kwamanzi endaweni yokulima ahlelwa ngobude bendawo yokulima, futhi endleleni, amapayipi okuconsa axhunywa ngokuya ngokuhleleka kwebhodwe lokulima, futhi imisoco iphonswa phakathi nendawo yokulima. ibhodwe ngamapayipi okuconsa.Isixazululo somsoco esidlulele esiphuma ku-substrate sikhishelwa endaweni yokulima ngembobo yokukhipha amanzi engezansi ebhodweni lokulimela bese siqoqwa emseleni wokudonsa amanzi phansi kwendawo yokulima.Lungisa ukuphakama kokufakwa kwe-slot yokulima ukuze kwakheke ukugeleza okungaguquki ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye.Emithambekeni eyehlelayo, uketshezi olubuyayo lokuchelela oluqoqwe kusuka phansi kwesikhala luzogcina luqoqeke lufike ekugcineni kwendawo.Ukuvuleka kuhlelwa ekupheleni kwendawo yokulima ukuze kuxhunywe ithangi elixhumayo loketshezi olubuyayo, futhi ipayipi lokubuyisela uketshezi lixhunywe ngaphansi kwethangi lokuqoqa, futhi uketshezi olubuyiswayo oluqoqiwe ekugcineni luqoqwe bese lukhishelwa ethangini lokubuyisela uketshezi.

Ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okunisela kanye nohlelo lokubuya

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-return liquid

Lolu ketshezi olubuyisela ukuchelela kwe-greenhouse alusebenzisi ukusebenza kwe-close-loop circulation ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ama-strawberry, kodwa luqoqa uketshezi olubuya endaweni yokutshala ama-strawberry bese lulusebenzisela ukutshala imifino yokuhlobisa.I-slot efanayo yokutshala ukuphakama okungaguquki njengokutshalwa kwe-sitrobheli ibekwe ezindongeni ezine ezizungezile ze-greenhouse, futhi indawo yokulima igcwele i-substrate yokulima ukuze kutshalwe imifino yokuhlobisa.Uketshezi olubuyayo lwama-strawberries luniselwa ngokuqondile kule mifino yokuhlobisa, isebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile ethangini lokugcina ukuchelela nsuku zonke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kanye nokubuyisela endaweni yokulima ahlanganiswa abe munye ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kanye nokubuyisela.Imodi yokuchelela emanzini iyamukelwa endaweni yokulima.Phakathi nenkathi yokunikezwa kwamanzi, i-valve yepayipi yokuphakela amanzi ivuliwe futhi i-valve yepayipi yokubuyisela ivaliwe.I-valve yepayipi ivaliwe futhi i-valve yokudonsa ivuliwe.Le ndlela yokunisela isindisa amapayipi egatsha okuphakela amanzi okunisela kanye namapayipi amancane endaweni yokulima, yonga utshalomali, futhi empeleni ayinamthelela ekukhiqizeni imifino yokuhlobisa.

Ukukhulisa Imifino Yokuhlobisa Ngokusebenzisa I-return Liquid

I-Greenhouse kanye nezinsiza ezisekelayo

I-greenhouse yangeniswa kusukela eNingizimu Korea ngokugcwele ngo-2017. Ubude bayo buyi-47m, ububanzi buyi-23m, nendawo ephelele ye-1081 m.² .Ubude be-greenhouse buyi-7m, itheku lingu-3m, ubude be-eves bungu-4.5m, futhi ukuphakama kwe-ridge kungu-6.4m, nengqikithi ye-spans engu-3 nama-bay angu-15.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushisisa okushisayo kwendlu ebamba ukushisa, kubekwa umhubhe oshisayo oyi-1m ububanzi eduze nendawo ebamba ukushisa, futhi kwakhiwa ikhethini lasendlini elinezingqimba ezimbili.Ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, ama-chords avundlile phezulu kwamakholomu phakathi kwezikhala ze-greenhouse yasekuqaleni athathelwa indawo yimishayo ye-truss.

Isakhiwo se-greenhouse

Ukulungiswa kwe-greenhouse thermal insulation system kugcina umklamo wangempela wesistimu yokushisa okushisayo ophahleni nodonga olunokushisa okuphindwe kabili kwangaphakathi.Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 yokusebenza, inethi yokuqala yomthunzi wokufakelwa yayigugile kancane futhi ilimele.Ekulungisweni kwe-greenhouse, wonke amakhethini okufakelwa avuselelwe futhi athathelwa indawo yizindwangu zokuvala ukotini ze-acrylic, ezilula futhi ezigqunywe ngokushisa kakhulu, ezenziwe ekhaya.Kusukela ekusebenzeni kwangempela, amajoyinti adlulela phakathi kwamakhethini okufakelwa ophahleni, i-quilt yokufaka udonga kanye ne-roof insulation quilt overlap, futhi lonke uhlelo lokufakelwa luvalwe ngokuqinile.

I-Greenhouse Insulation System

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izidingo zokukhanya zokukhula kwezitshalo, kwanezelwa uhlelo lokukhanya olwengeziwe ekulungisweni kwe-greenhouse.Ukukhanya okungeziwe kusebenzisa uhlelo lokukhanyisa lwe-LED lomphumela webhayoloji, ukukhanya kwe-LED ngakunye kunamandla angu-50 W, hlela amakholomu angu-2 ngespan ngayinye.Isikhala sezibani zekholomu ngayinye si-3m.Amandla okukhanya okuphelele angu-4.5 kW, okulingana no-4.61 W/m² indawo ngayinye.Amandla okukhanya obude obuyi-1m angafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-2000 lx.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo sokufaka amalambu engeziwe e-plnat, amalambu e-UVB aphinde afakwe esikhaleni ngasinye esinezikhala esingama-2 m, asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubulala amagciwane omoya endaweni ebamba ukushisa.Amandla esibani esisodwa se-UVB angu-40 W, futhi amandla afakiwe esewonke angu-4.36 kW, okulingana no-4.47 W/m.² indawo ngayinye.

Isistimu yokushisa ebamba ukushisa isebenzisa iphampu yokushisa yomthombo womoya wamandla ahlanzekile ngokwemvelo, ethumela umoya oshisayo ku-greenhouse ngokusebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa.Amandla aphelele wepompo lokushisa lomthombo womoya ku-greenhouse angama-210kW, futhi amayunithi angama-38 wabalandeli bokushintshanisa ukushisa asakazwa ngokulinganayo ekamelweni.Ukushisa kwefeni ngayinye kungu-5.5kw, okungaqinisekisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-greenhouse ngaphezu kuka-5℃ ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa langaphandle elingu--15℃ ngosuku olubanda kakhulu e-Beijing, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuphephile kwama-strawberry endaweni ebamba ukushisa.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kokushisa komoya kanye nomswakama ku-greenhouse futhi kwakhiwe ukunyakaza komoya okuthile endlini, i-greenhouse nayo ifakwe i-air circulation fan evundlile.Abalandeli abajikelezayo bahlelwe phakathi nendawo ye-greenhouse nge-interval ye-18 m, futhi amandla omshini owodwa ngu-0.12 kW.

I-Greenhouse isekela imishini yokulawula imvelo

Ulwazi lwengcaphuno:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, njll.UDkt. Zhou uhlole i-Shiling (Ikhulu Lekhulu kanye Namashumi amabili Nesithupha) isiphanyeko samasitrobheli esikwazi ukuphakanyiswa sokubona indawo kanye nezinsiza nezisetshenziswa ezisekelayo[J].I-Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022,42(7):36-42.