Umbhali: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, njll.

Umthombo Wesihloko: Ubuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo Zokulima Ezingeni Lokushisa Elishisayo

Lesi yisizinda sokuhlola se-Haidian District Agricultural Science Institute, kanye ne-Haidian Agricultural High-tech Exhibition and Science Park. Ngo-2017, umbhali wahola ukwethulwa kwe-greenhouse yokuhlola ifilimu yepulasitiki enezingqimba eziningi enokushisa okuphezulu okuvela eNingizimu Korea. Njengamanje, uMqondisi uZheng uyiguqule yaba yi-greenhouse yokukhiqiza ama-strawberry ehlanganisa ukubonisa ubuchwepheshe, ukubuka indawo kanye nokukha, ukuzijabulisa kanye nokuzijabulisa. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-5G Cloud Strawberry", futhi ngizonithatha niyoyizwa ndawonye.

Ukutshala I-Strawberry Greenhouse Nokusetshenziswa Kwayo Kwesikhala

Ishelufu lesitrobheli eliphakanyiswayo kanye nesistimu yokulenga

Indlela yokulima kanye nendlela yokulima

Indawo yokulima igxila ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi phansi kwendawo yokulima, bese kuthi unqenqema luphakanyiswe ngaphandle phakathi nendawo engezansi yendawo yokulima ohlangothini olude (kusukela ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulima, kwakheka umsele ongezansi phansi). Indawo eyinhloko yamanzi eya endaweni yokulima ibekwe ngqo kulo msele ongezansi, futhi amanzi akhishwe endaweni yokulima nawo aqoqwa kulo msele ngokulinganayo, futhi ekugcineni akhishwe komunye umkhawulo wendawo yokulima.

Izinzuzo zokutshala ama-strawberry ngembiza yokulima ukuthi phansi kwembiza yokulima kuhlukaniswe nobuso obuphansi besikhala sokulima, futhi i-aquifer ephezulu ngeke yakheke engxenyeni engezansi ye-substrate, futhi umoya ojwayelekile we-substrate uyathuthuka; Izosabalala ngokugeleza kwamanzi okunisela; okwesithathu, ngeke kube khona ukuvuza lapho i-substrate ifakwa ebhodweni lokulima, futhi ishalofu lokulima lihlanzekile futhi lihle lilonke. Ububi bale ndlela ngokuyinhloko ukuthi ukunisela ngamaconsi kanye nokutshala imbiza yokulima kukhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwemishini.

Izikhala nezimbiza ezikhulayo

Uhlelo lokulenga nokuphakamisa i-rack yokulima

Uhlelo lokulenga nokuphakamisa ishelufu lokulima ngokuyisisekelo lufana nolweshelufu lokulima lokuphakamisa amasitrobheli lendabuko. Ibhakede lokulenga lesikhala sokulima lizungeza isikhala sokulima, futhi lixhuma ibhakede lokulenga kanye nesondo elibuyela emuva ngesikulufu sebhasikidi sezimbali esilungisekayo ubude (esisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukuhambisana kokuphakama kokufakwa kwesikhala sokulima). Engxenyeni engezansi, olunye uhlangothi luboshwe esondweni elixhunywe kushafu lokushayela le-motor reducer.

Uhlelo lokulenga ishelufu lokulima

Ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwe-universal hanger oluphelele, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesimo esikhethekile se-cross-section se-slot yokulima kanye nezidingo zokubonisa indawo, ezinye izesekeli nezindawo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nazo zaklanywa ngendlela entsha lapha.

(1) I-hanger yeshelufu yokulima. I-buckle yokulenga yeshelufu yokulima okokuqala iyi-buckle evaliwe, eyakhiwa ngokugoba nokushisela ucingo lwensimbi. Ingxenye enqamula ingxenye ngayinye ye-buckle yokulenga iyafana, futhi izakhiwo zemishini ziyahambisana; Ingxenye engezansi ye-slot iphinde isebenzise ukugoba okuhambisanayo okuyi-semi-circular; okwesithathu ukugoqa maphakathi ne-buckle ibe yi-engeli ebukhali, kanti i-buckle ephezulu ixhunywe ngqo endaweni yokugoba, okungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa isikhungo esiqinile samandla adonsela phansi se-slot yokulima, kodwa futhi akwenzeki ukuguquguquka kwe-lateral, futhi kuqinisekisa nokuthi i-buckle ixhunywe ngokwethembeka futhi ngeke ishelele futhi ihlukane.

Ibhande leshalofu lokulima

(2) Intambo yokulenga yokuphepha. Ngokwesisekelo sohlelo lokulenga lwendabuko, kufakwa isethi eyengeziwe yohlelo lokulenga lokuphepha njalo ngamamitha ayi-6 ubude bendawo yokulima. Izidingo zohlelo lokulenga lokuphepha olwengeziwe, okokuqala, ukusebenza ngokuvumelana nohlelo lokulenga lokushayela; okwesibili, ukuba nomthamo owanele wokuthwala. Ukuze kufezwe izidingo zokusebenza ezingenhla, kuklanywe futhi kukhethwe isethi yohlelo lokulenga lwedivayisi yokulenga yentwasahlobo ukuze kuhoxiswe intambo yokulenga yendawo yokulima. I-spring winder ihlelwe ngokuhambisana nentambo yokulenga yokushayela, futhi ilenga futhi iqiniswe ku-chord engezansi ye-greenhouse truss.

Uhlelo Olwengeziwe Lokumiswa Kokuphepha

Imishini yokukhiqiza ewusizo yerakhi yokulima

(1) Uhlelo lokufaka amakhadi ezitshalweni. Uhlelo lokufaka amakhadi ezitshalweni okukhulunywe ngalo lapha luqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: i-bracket yokufaka amakhadi ezitshalweni kanye nentambo yesiliva enemibala. Phakathi kwazo, i-bracket yokufaka amakhadi ezitshalweni iyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe ikhadi eligoqekile eligobile kancane futhi eliphelele elinobunjwa buka-U kanye nekhadi elinobunjwa buka-U elinezinduku zomkhawulo ezimbili. Ingxenye engezansi nengezansi yekhadi eligoqekile elinobunjwa buka-U lihambisana nobukhulu bangaphandle besikhala sokulima, futhi lizungeze isikhala sokulima kusukela phansi; ngemva kokuba amagatsha alo amabili edlula indawo evulekile yesikhala sokulima, yenza ukugoba ukuxhuma izinduku zomkhawulo ezimbili, futhi lidlala indima yokuvimbela ukuguquka kokuvulwa kwesikhala sokulima; kuyi-gobe encane enobunjwa buka-U egobile phezulu, esetshenziselwa ukulungisa intambo yokuhlukanisa amaqabunga esithelo sama-strawberry; ingxenye ephezulu yekhadi elinobunjwa buka-U iyi-gobe enobunjwa buka-W yokulungisa intambo yama-strawberry namahlamvu. Ikhadi eligoqekile elinobunjwa buka-U kanye nenduku yomkhawulo emibili konke kwakhiwa ngokugoba ucingo lwensimbi oluhlanganisiwe.

Intambo yokuhlukanisa amaqabunga ezithelo isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa amagatsha namaqabunga esitrobheli ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuvula kwendawo yokulima, bese ilenga izithelo zesitrobheli ngaphandle kwendawo yokulima, okungagcini nje ngokuba lula ukuqoqwa kwezithelo, kodwa futhi kuvikela isitrobheli ekufakweni ngqo kwemithi yoketshezi, futhi kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuhlobisa yokutshala isitrobheli.

Uhlelo lokufaka amakhadi ezitshalo

(2) i-rack ephuzi ehambayo. I-rack ephuzi ehambayo yakhelwe ngokukhethekile, okungukuthi, ipali eqondile yokulengisa amabhodi aphuzi naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ishiselwe ku-tripod, engabekwa ngqo phansi kwe-greenhouse futhi ingasuswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

(3) Imoto yokuvikela izitshalo ezishayela zona. Le moto ingafakelwa isifutho sokuvikela izitshalo, okungukuthi, isifutho sokushayela esizenzakalelayo, esingenza imisebenzi yokuvikela izitshalo ngaphandle kwabasebenzi ngaphakathi ngokwendlela ehlelwe yikhompyutha, engavikela impilo yabasebenzi bezindawo zokugcina izitshalo.

imishini yokuvikela izitshalo

Uhlelo Lokuphakelwa Kokudla Okunomsoco Nokunisela

Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngesisombululo sezakhamzimba kanye nokunisela lwalo msebenzi luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: enye ingxenye yokulungiselela amanzi acacile; eyesibili uhlelo lokunisela nokufaka umanyolo wama-strawberry; eyesithathu uhlelo lokuvuselela uketshezi lokutshala ama-strawberry. Imishini yokulungiselela amanzi acacile kanye nohlelo lwesisombululo sezakhamzimba zibizwa ngokuthi ikhanda lokunisela, kanti imishini yokunikeza nokubuyisela amanzi ezitshalweni ibizwa ngokuthi imishini yokunisela.

Uhlelo Lokuphakelwa Kokudla Okunomsoco Nokunisela

Indawo yokunisela

Imishini yokulungiselela amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuvamile kufanele ifakwe izihlungi zesihlabathi namatshe ukuze kususwe isihlabathi, kanye nemishini yokuthambisa amanzi ukuze kususwe usawoti. Amanzi ahlanzekile ahlungiwe futhi athanjiswe agcinwa ethangini lokugcina ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva.

Imishini yokulungiselela isixazululo sezakhamzimba ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amathangi amathathu ezinto zokusetshenziswa zomanyolo we-A no-B, kanye nethangi le-asidi lokulungisa i-pH, kanye nesethi yabaxubi bomanyolo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isixazululo sesitoko emathangini i-A, i-B kanye nethangi le-asidi silungiswa futhi sixutshwe ngokulingana ngumshini womanyolo ngokwefomula ebekwe ukuze kwakhiwe isixazululo sezakhamzimba esingavuthiwe, kanti isixazululo sezakhamzimba esingavuthiwe esilungiselelwe ngumshini womanyolo sigcinwa ethangini lokugcina isixazululo sesitoko ukuze sime.

Imishini yokulungiselela isixazululo sezakhamzimba

Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye nokubuyisela imali yokutshala ama-strawberry

Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nokubuyisela kokutshala ama-strawberry lusebenzisa indlela yokuphakelwa kwamanzi okuphakathi kanye nokubuyisela ekugcineni kwendawo yokulima. Njengoba indawo yokulima isebenzisa indlela yokuphakamisa nokulenga, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zamapayipi okuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nokubuyisela kwendawo yokulima: enye iyipayipi eqinile; enye iyipayipi eliguquguqukayo elihamba phezulu naphansi nendawo yokulima. Ngesikhathi sokunisela nokufaka umanyolo, ukuphakelwa koketshezi okuvela ethangini lamanzi elicacile kanye nethangi lokugcina uketshezi olungavuthiwe kuthunyelwa emshinini ohlanganisiwe wamanzi nomanyolo ukuze kuxutshwe ngokwesilinganiso esibekiwe (indlela elula ingasebenzisa isifaki somanyolo esilinganayo, njengeVenturi, njll., esingasebenza ngamandla noma singaqhutshwa ngamandla) bese sithunyelwa phezulu kwe-hanger yokulima ngepayipi eliyinhloko lokuphakelwa kwamanzi (ipayipi eliyinhloko lokuphakelwa kwamanzi lifakwe ku-greenhouse truss eceleni kwe-greenhouse), futhi ipayipi lerabha eliguquguqukayo lihola amanzi okunisela kusukela epayipini eliyinhloko lokuphakelwa kwamanzi liye ekugcineni kwe-rack ngayinye yokulima, bese lixhunywa epayipini legatsha lokuphakelwa kwamanzi elisethelwe endaweni yokulima. Amapayipi amanzi endaweni yokulima ahlelwe ngobude bendawo yokulima, futhi endleleni, amapayipi okudonsa axhunywe ngokwendawo yokuhlelwa kwembiza yokulima, futhi izakhamzimba zifakwa endaweni ephakathi kwembiza yokulima ngamapayipi okudonsa. Isixazululo sezakhamzimba esiningi esikhishwe ku-substrate sikhishwa singene endaweni yokulima ngomgodi wokukhipha amanzi phansi kwembiza yokulima bese siqoqwa emgodini wokukhipha amanzi phansi kwendawo yokulima. Lungisa ukuphakama kokufakwa kwendawo yokulima ukuze kwakheke ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye. Emathafeni athambekile, uketshezi lokubuyisela amanzi okunisela oluqoqwe phansi kwendawo ekugcineni luzoqoqwa ekugcineni kwendawo. Kuvulwa imbobo ekugcineni kwendawo yokulima ukuze kuxhunywe ithangi lokuxhuma loketshezi lokubuyisela amanzi, bese kuxhunywa ipayipi lokubuyisela amanzi ngaphansi kwetangi lokuqoqa, bese kuthi uketshezi lokubuyisela oluqoqwe ekugcineni luqoqwe bese lukhishwa ethangini lokubuyisela amanzi.

Uhlelo lokunisela ngamanzi kanye nokubuyisela amanzi

Ukusetshenziswa koketshezi olubuyayo

Lolu ketshezi lokubuyisela ukunisela kwe-greenhouse alusebenzisi ukusebenza kokujikeleza okuvaliwe kohlelo lokukhiqiza ama-strawberry, kodwa luqoqa uketshezi lokubuyisela kusuka endaweni yokutshala ama-strawberry bese lulisebenzisela ngqo ukutshala imifino yokuhlobisa. Indawo efanayo yokukhula eqondile njengokulima ama-strawberry isethwe ezindongeni ezine ezingaphandle kwendlu yokutshala, futhi indawo yokulima igcwele isisekelo sokulima ukuze kutshalwe imifino yokuhlobisa. Uketshezi lokubuyisela ama-strawberry luniselwa ngqo kule mifino yokuhlobisa, lusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile ethangini lokugcina ukunisela nsuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kanye namapayipi okubuyisela endaweni yokulima ahlanganiswa abe yinto eyodwa ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kanye nawokubuyisela. Imodi yokunisela evulwa emanzini iyasetshenziswa endaweni yokulima. Ngesikhathi sokunikeza amanzi, i-valve yepayipi lokuhambisa amanzi iyavulwa futhi i-valve yepayipi lokubuyisela ivaliwe. I-valve yepayipi ivaliwe futhi i-valve yokukhipha amanzi ivuliwe. Le ndlela yokunisela isindisa amapayipi egatsha lokuhambisa amanzi okunisela kanye namapayipi amancane endaweni yokulima, isindisa utshalomali, futhi ayinawo umthelela ekukhiqizweni kwemifino yokuhlobisa.

Ukutshala Imifino Yokuhlobisa Ukusebenzisa Uketshezi Olubuyayo

Indlu yokushisa kanye nezindawo zokusekela

Indlu eluhlaza yangeniswa ivela eNingizimu Korea ngo-2017. Ubude bayo bungama-47m, ububanzi bungama-23m, nendawo iyonke ingu-1081 m.² . Ububanzi bendlu eluhlaza bungama-7m, i-bay ingu-3m, ukuphakama kwe-eves kungu-4.5m, kanti ukuphakama kwe-ridge kungu-6.4m, kanye ne-span ezintathu kanye ne-bays eziyi-15. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufudumala kwendlu eluhlaza, kubekwe umzila wokushisa obanzi ongu-1m uzungeze indlu eluhlaza, futhi kuklanywe ikhethini lokushisa elingaphakathi elinezingqimba ezimbili. Ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, ama-chord avundlile phezulu kwamakholomu phakathi kwe-span yendlu eluhlaza yokuqala athathelwa indawo yimishayo ye-truss.

Isakhiwo sendlu yokushisa

Ukuvuselelwa kohlelo lokuvikela ukushisa lwe-greenhouse kugcina ukwakheka kokuqala kohlelo lokuvikela ukushisa lophahla nodonga ngokuvikela ukushisa kwangaphakathi okuphindwe kabili. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka emi-3 yokusebenza, inethi yomthunzi wokuqala wokuvikela yaguga kancane futhi yonakala. Ekuvuselelweni kwe-greenhouse, wonke amakhethini okuvikela avuselelwa futhi athathelwa indawo ngama-quilts okuvikela ukotini e-acrylic, alula futhi avikela ukushisa kakhulu, enziwe ekhaya. Kusukela ekusebenzeni kwangempela, amalunga ayahlangana phakathi kwamakhethini okuvikela uphahla, i-quilt yokuvikela udonga kanye ne-quilt yokuvikela uphahla iyahlangana, futhi lonke uhlelo lokuvikela luvalwe ngokuqinile.

Uhlelo Lokuvimbela Indlu Eshisayo

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izidingo zokukhanya zokukhula kwezitshalo, kufakwe uhlelo lokukhanya olwengeziwe ekuvuselelweni kwendlu eluhlaza okotshani. Ukukhanya olwengeziwe kusebenzisa uhlelo lokukhanyisa lwe-LED olunemiphumela yezinto eziphilayo, ukukhanya ngakunye kwe-LED kunamandla angu-50 W, hlela amakholomu ama-2 ngesikhala ngasinye. Isikhala sokukhanya kwekholomu ngayinye singamamitha ama-3. Amandla okukhanya aphelele angama-4.5 kW, alingana no-4.61 W/m² indawo ngayinye. Ukukhanya okunamandla kokuphakama okungu-1m kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-2000 lx.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo sokufaka izibani ezengeziwe ze-plnat, kufakwa umugqa wezibani ze-UVB ku-span ngayinye enesikhala esingamamitha ama-2, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni umoya ngendlela engajwayelekile endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Amandla esibani esisodwa se-UVB angama-40 W, kanti amandla afakiwe angama-4.36 kW, alingana no-4.47 W/m² indawo ngayinye.

Uhlelo lokufudumeza lwe-greenhouse lusebenzisa ipompo yokushisa yomthombo womoya ohlanzekile ngokwemvelo, ethumela umoya oshisayo ku-greenhouse nge-heat exchanger. Amandla aphelele epompo yokushisa yomthombo womoya ku-greenhouse angama-210kW, kanti amayunithi angu-38 abalandeli bokushintshanisa ukushisa asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ekamelweni. Ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwefeni ngayinye kungu-5.5kw, okungaqinisekisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-greenhouse elingaphezu kuka-5℃ ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa langaphandle elingu--15℃ ngosuku olubanda kakhulu eBeijing, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuphephile kwama-strawberry ku-greenhouse.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nomswakama ku-greenhouse kuyafana futhi kwakheke ukunyakaza komoya ngaphakathi, i-greenhouse iphinde ifakwe ifeni yokujikeleza komoya evundlile. Amafeni ajikelezayo ahlelwe phakathi kwesikhala se-greenhouse esinomkhawulo wamamitha ayi-18, futhi amandla efeni elilodwa lingu-0.12 kW.

Indlu yokushisa esekela imishini yokulawula imvelo

Ulwazi lwezingcaphuno:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, njll.UDkt. Zhou uhlole isiphanyeko se-strawberry esiphakanyiswayo esifana ne-Shiling (One Hundred and Twenty Six) kanye nezindawo zokusekela kanye nemishini [J]. Ubuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo, 2022,42(7):36-42.