U-Chen Tongqiang, njll. Ubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela bezolimo bezingadi ezibamba ukushisa Kushicilelwe e-Beijing ngo-17: 30 ngoJanuwari 6, 2023.

I-rhizosphere enhle ye-EC kanye nokulawulwa kwe-pH yizimo ezidingekayo zokuthola isivuno esikhulu sikatamatisi kumodi yesiko elingenanhlabathi ku-greenhouse yengilazi ehlakaniphile.Kulesi sihloko, utamatisi uthathwe njengento yokutshala, futhi uhla lwe-rhizosphere EC kanye ne-pH efanelekile ezigabeni ezihlukene zafingqwa, kanye nezinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zokulawula ezihambisanayo uma kwenzeka ukungavamile, ukuze kunikezwe ireferensi yokukhiqiza kwangempela kokutshala endaweni. bendabuko ingilazi zokugcina izithombo.

Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, indawo yokutshala ye-multi-span glass intelligent greenhouses e-China isifinyelele ku-630hm2, futhi isakhula.I-Glass greenhouse ihlanganisa izakhiwo nemishini ehlukahlukene, idale indawo efanelekile yokukhula yokukhula kwezitshalo.Ukulawulwa okuhle kwemvelo, ukuchelela okunembile kwamanzi nomanyolo, ukulima ngendlela efanele kanye nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo yizici ezine eziyinhloko zokuzuza isivuno esiphezulu kanye nezinga eliphezulu likatamatisi.Mayelana nokunisela okunembayo, inhloso yakho ukugcina i-rhizosphere EC efanele, i-pH, okuqukethwe kwamanzi e-substrate kanye nokugxilwa kwe-ion ye-rhizosphere.I-rhizosphere EC ne-pH enhle yenelisa ukukhula kwezimpande kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi nomanyolo, okuyisidingo esidingekayo sokugcina ukukhula kwezitshalo, i-photosynthesis, ukuphefumula nokunye ukuziphatha kwe-metabolic.Ngakho-ke, ukugcina indawo enhle ye-rhizosphere kuyisimo esidingekayo ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu sezitshalo.

Ukungalawuleki kwe-EC kanye ne-pH ku-rhizosphere kuzoba nemiphumela engenakuhlehliswa ekulinganiseni kwamanzi, ukukhula kwezimpande, ukumuncwa kahle komanyolo wezimpande-ukuntuleka kwezakhi zezitshalo, ukumuncwa kwe-ion yezimpande zokugxilisa-umanyolo-ukuntuleka kwezakhi zezitshalo nokunye.Ukutshala nokukhiqizwa kukatamatisi ku-greenhouse yengilazi kusebenzisa isiko elingenamhlaba.Ngemuva kokuthi kuhlanganiswe amanzi nomanyolo, ukulethwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamanzi nomanyolo kutholakala ngendlela yokuwisa imicibisholo.I-EC, i-pH, imvamisa, ifomula, inani loketshezi olubuyayo kanye nesikhathi sokuqala kokunisela kuzothinta ngqo i-rhizosphere EC kanye ne-pH.Kulesi sihloko, i-rhizosphere EC ne-pH efanelekile esigabeni ngasinye sokutshala utamatisi zafingqiwe, futhi izimbangela ze-rhizosphere EC ne-pH engavamile zahlaziywa futhi izinyathelo zokulungisa zafingqwa, ezinikeze ireferensi kanye nereferensi yobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni kwangempela ingilazi yendabuko. izindawo zokugcina izithombo.

I-rhizosphere efanelekile EC kanye ne-pH ezigabeni zokukhula ezihlukene zikatamatisi

I-rhizosphere EC ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ekugxilweni kwe-ion yezakhi eziyinhloko ku-rhizosphere.Ifomula yokubala ye-empirical ukuthi isamba sezindleko ze-anion ne-cation sihlukaniswa ngo-20, futhi uma inani liphezulu, i-rhizosphere EC iphakama.I-rhizosphere EC efanelekile izohlinzeka ngokuhlangana kwe-ion yento efanelekile nefanayo yohlelo lwezimpande.

Ngokuvamile, inani layo liphansi (rhizosphere EC<2.0mS/cm).Ngenxa yokucindezela kokuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana ezimpande, kuzoholela ekufuneni ngokweqile kokumuncwa kwamanzi ngezimpande, okuholela emanzini amaningi amahhala ezitshalweni, futhi amanzi amaningi amahhala azosetshenziselwa ukuphalaza kwamaqabunga, ukukhula kwe-cell elongation-plant okuyize;Inani layo lisohlangothini oluphakeme (i-rhizosphere yasebusika EC>8~10mS/cm, i-rhizosphere yasehlobo EC>5~7mS/cm).Ngokukhula kwe-rhizosphere EC, amandla okumunca amanzi ezimpande ayanele, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kokuntuleka kwamanzi kwezitshalo, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, izitshalo zizobuna (Umfanekiso 1).Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuncintisana phakathi kwamaqabunga nezithelo emanzini kuzoholela ekwehleni kokuqukethwe kwamanzi ezithelo, okuzophazamisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.Lapho i-rhizosphere EC inyuswa ngokusesilinganisweni ngo-0~2mS/cm, iba nomthelela omuhle wokulawula ekwandeni koshukela oncibilikayo/okuqukethwe okuqinile okuncibilikayo kwesithelo, ukulungiswa kokukhula kwezitshalo nokukhula kokuzala, ngakho abalimi bakatamatisi we-cherry phishekela ikhwalithi ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-rhizosphere EC ephezulu.Kwatholakala ukuthi ushukela oncibilikayo wekhukhamba oxhunyelelwe wawuphezulu kakhulu kunowokulawula ngaphansi kwesimo sokunisela amanzi anosawoti (3g/L wamanzi anosawoti okuzenzela anenani le-NaCl:MgSO4: CaSO4 ka-2:2:1) yengezwe esixazululweni somsoco).Izici ze-Dutch' Honey' cherry tomato ukuthi igcina i-rhizosphere ephezulu EC(8~10mS/cm) kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhiqiza, futhi isithelo sinoshukela omningi, kodwa izithelo eziqediwe ziphansi kakhulu (5kg/ m2).

I-Rhizosphere pH (unitless) ibhekisela kakhulu ku-pH yesisombululo se-rhizosphere, ethinta kakhulu ukuna nokuhlakazeka kwe-ion yento ngayinye emanzini, bese ithinta ukusebenza kahle kwe-ion ngayinye emuncwa uhlelo lwempande.Kuma-ion amaningi e-elementi, uhla lwawo olufanele lwe-pH luyi-5.5~6.5, olungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-ion ngayinye ingamuncwa uhlelo lwempande ngokujwayelekile.Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokutshala utamatisi, i-rhizosphere pH kufanele ihlale igcinwe ku-5.5 ~ 6.5.Ithebula 1 libonisa ububanzi be-rhizosphere EC kanye nokulawulwa kwe-pH ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula zikatamatisi wezithelo ezinkulu.Kutamatisi onezithelo ezincane, njengotamatisi we-cherry, i-rhizosphere EC ngezigaba ezihlukene iphakeme ngo-0~1mS/cm kunaleyo katamatisi wezithelo ezinkulu, kodwa wonke alungiswa ngokuvumelana nethrendi efanayo.

Izizathu ezingavamile kanye nezinyathelo zokulungisa ze-tomato rhizosphere EC

I-Rhizosphere EC ibhekisela ku-EC yesisombululo sezakhi ezizungeze uhlelo lwempande.Uma i-tomato rock wool itshalwa e-Holland, abalimi bazosebenzisa amasirinji ukuze bamunce isisombululo sezakhi ezivela e-rock wool, futhi imiphumela imelela kakhulu.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-EC ebuyayo iseduze ne-rhizosphere EC, ngakho-ke isampula lephoyinti lokubuyisela i-EC livame ukusetshenziswa njenge-rhizosphere EC e-China.Ukuhluka kwe-diurnal rhizosphere EC ngokuvamile kuphuma ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga, kuqala ukwehla futhi kuhlala kuzinzile esiqongweni sokunisela, futhi kukhuphuka kancane ngemva kokunisela, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

Izizathu ezinkulu ze-EC ebuyayo ephezulu izinga lokubuya eliphansi, i-EC yokungena okuphezulu kanye nokuchelela sekwephuzile.Inani lokunisela ngosuku olufanayo lincane, okubonisa ukuthi izinga lokubuyisela uketshezi liphansi.Inhloso yokubuyisela uketshezi ukugeza ngokugcwele i-substrate, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-rhizosphere EC, okuqukethwe kwamanzi e-substrate kanye nokugxila kwe-ion ye-rhizosphere kusebangeni elijwayelekile, futhi izinga lokubuya koketshezi liphansi, futhi uhlelo lwempande lumunca amanzi amaningi kunama-ion ayisisekelo, okukhombisa futhi ukwanda kwe-EC.I-high inlet EC iholela ngokuqondile ekubuyeni okuphezulu kwe-EC.Ngokomthetho wesithupha, i-EC yokubuya iphakeme ngo-0.5~1.5ms/cm kune-EC ye-inlet.Ukuchelela kokugcina kwaphela ekuqaleni kwalolo suku, futhi ukukhanya kwakusengaphezulu (300~450W/m2) ngemva kokunisela.Ngenxa yokuphefumula kwezitshalo eziqhutshwa imisebe, uhlelo lwempande lwaqhubeka lumunca amanzi, okuqukethwe kwamanzi e-substrate kwehla, ukuhlushwa kwe-ion kwanda, bese i-rhizosphere EC yanda.Lapho i-rhizosphere EC iphakeme, umfutho wemisebe uphezulu, futhi umswakama uphansi, izitshalo zibhekene nokucindezeleka kokuntuleka kwamanzi, okubonakaliswa ngokungathí sina njengokubuna (Umfanekiso 1, kwesokudla).

I-EC ephansi ku-rhizosphere ibangelwa ikakhulukazi izinga eliphezulu lokubuya koketshezi, ukuphothulwa sekwephuzile kokunisela, kanye ne-EC ephansi engenisa uketshezi, okuzobhebhethekisa inkinga.Izinga eliphezulu lokubuya koketshezi lizoholela ekusondelaneni okungapheli phakathi kwe-inlet EC kanye ne-EC yokubuyisela.Lapho ukuchelela kuphele sekwephuzile, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini eziguqubele, kuhambisana nokukhanya okuphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu, ukuphefumula kwezitshalo kuba buthaka, isilinganiso sokumuncwa kwama-ion ayisisekelo siphezulu kunesamanzi, futhi isilinganiso sokuncipha sokuqukethwe kwamanzi e-matrix singaphansi kwalokho. yokuhlushwa kwe-ion esixazululweni, okuzoholela ku-EC ephansi yoketshezi olubuyayo.Ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela kokuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana oboya bezimpande zezitshalo kungaphansi kwamandla amanzi esixazululo sezakhi ze-rhizosphere, uhlelo lwezimpande lumunca amanzi amaningi futhi ibhalansi yamanzi ayilingani.Lapho ukuphefumula kubuthakathaka, lesi sitshalo sizokhishwa ngendlela yokukhafula amanzi (umfanekiso 1, kwesokunxele), futhi uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu ebusuku, isitshalo sizokhula ize.

Izinyathelo zokulungisa lapho i-rhizosphere EC ingajwayelekile: ① Uma i-EC yokubuyisela iphezulu, i-EC engenayo kufanele ibe phakathi kwebanga eliphusile.Ngokuvamile, i-EC engenayo yotamatisi wezithelo ezinkulu ingu-2.5~3.5mS/cm ehlobo kanye no-3.5~4.0mS/cm ebusika.Okwesibili, thuthukisa izinga lokubuyiswa koketshezi, elingaphambi kokunisela okunemvamisa ephezulu emini, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uketshezi lubuya njalo njalo uma unisela.Izinga lokubuya koketshezi lihlotshaniswa kahle nokunqwabelana kwemisebe.Ehlobo, lapho ukushuba kwemisebe kusengaphezu kuka-450 W/m2 futhi ubude besikhathi bungaphezu kwamaminithi angu-30, inani elincane lokunisela (50~100mL/dripper) kufanele lengezwe kanye ngesandla, futhi kungcono kungabikho ukubuya koketshezi. kwenzeka ngokuyisisekelo.② Uma izinga lokubuyisela uketshezi liphansi, izizathu eziyinhloko yizinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela uketshezi, i-EC ephansi kanye nokuchelela kokugcina.Uma kubhekwa isikhathi sokugcina sokunisela, ukuchelela kokugcina kuvame ukuphela ngo-2 ~ 5h ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, kuphele ezinsukwini eziguqubele nobusika ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe, futhi ukubambezeleka ezinsukwini ezinelanga nasehlobo.Lawula izinga lokubuya koketshezi, ngokuya ngokunqwabelana kwemisebe yangaphandle.Ngokuvamile, izinga lokubuya koketshezi lingaphansi kuka-10% lapho ukunqwabelana kwemisebe kungaphansi kuka-500J/(cm2.d), kanye no-10% ~20% lapho ukunqwabelana kwemisebe kungu-500~1000J/(cm2.d), njalonjalo. .

Izimbangela ezingavamile kanye nezinyathelo zokulungisa utamatisi rhizosphere pH

Ngokuvamile, i-pH yomuntu othintekayo ingu-5.5 kanti i-pH ye-leachate ingu-5.5 ~ 6.5 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.Izinto ezithinta i-rhizosphere pH yifomula, i-culture medium, izinga lokuvuza, izinga lamanzi nokunye.Lapho i-pH ye-rhizosphere iphansi, izoshisa izimpande futhi incibilikise i-matrix yoboya bedwala ngokungathi sína, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Uma i-rhizosphere pH iphezulu, ukumuncwa kwe-Mn2+, Fe 3+, Mg2+ kanye ne-PO4 3- kuzoncishiswa. , okuzoholela ekuveleni kokuntuleka kwezakhi, njengokushoda kwe-manganese okubangelwa i-pH ephezulu ye-rhizosphere, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.

Mayelana nekhwalithi yamanzi, amanzi emvula namanzi okuhlunga ulwelwesi lwe-RO ane-asidi, futhi i-pH yotshwala kamama ivamise ukuba ngu-3~4, okuholela ku-pH ephansi yotshwala obungenisayo.I-Potassium hydroxide kanye ne-potassium bicarbonate kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH yotshwala obungenisayo.Amanzi omthombo namanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuvame ukulawulwa yi-nitric acid ne-phosphoric acid ngoba aqukethe i-HCO3-okuyi-alkaline.I-pH ye-inlet engavamile izothinta ngokuqondile i-pH yokubuya, ngakho-ke i-pH yokungena efanele iyisisekelo somthetho.Ngokuqondene ne-substrate yokutshala, ngemva kokutshala, i-pH yoketshezi olubuyayo lwe-coconut bran substrate iseduze naleyo yoketshezi olungenayo, futhi i-pH engavamile yoketshezi olungenayo ngeke ibangele ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-rhizosphere pH ngesikhathi esifushane ngenxa Isakhiwo esihle se-buffering se-substrate.Ngaphansi kokutshalwa koboya betshe, inani le-pH loketshezi olubuyayo ngemva kwekoloni liphezulu futhi lihlala isikhathi eside.

Ngokwefomula, ngokwamandla ahlukene okumunca ama-ion ngezitshalo, angahlukaniswa abe usawoti we-physiological acid kanye nosawoti we-alkaline wemvelo.Ukuthatha i-NO3- njengesibonelo, lapho izitshalo zimunca i-1mol ye-NO3-, uhlelo lwempande luzokhipha i-1mol ye-OH-, okuzoholela ekwandeni kwe-rhizosphere pH, kuyilapho uhlelo lwempande luthatha i-NH4 +, luzokhulula ukuhlushwa okufanayo H+, okuzoholela ekwehleni kwe-pH ye-rhizosphere.Ngakho-ke, i-nitrate ingusawoti oyisisekelo we-physiologically, kuyilapho usawoti we-ammonium ungusawoti omuncu we-physiologically.Ngokuvamile, i-potassium sulfate, i-calcium ammonium nitrate kanye ne-ammonium sulfate izivundisi ze-physiological acid, i-potassium nitrate ne-calcium nitrate amasawoti e-alkaline engokwemvelo, kanti i-ammonium nitrate ingusawoti ongathathi hlangothi.Umthelela wesilinganiso sokubuya koketshezi ku-rhizosphere pH ubonakala ngokuyinhloko ekugubheni isixazululo sezakhi ze-rhizosphere, futhi i-pH engavamile ye-rhizosphere ibangelwa ukugcwala kwe-ion ye-ion ku-rhizosphere.

Izinyathelo zokulungisa lapho i-pH ye-rhizosphere ingajwayelekile: ① Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi ingabe i-pH yethonya ikububanzi obunengqondo;(2) Lapho usebenzisa amanzi aqukethe i-carbonate eyengeziwe, njengamanzi omthombo, umbhali wake wathola ukuthi i-pH ye-influent yayivamile, kodwa ngemva kokuphela kokunisela ngalolo suku, i-pH ye-influent ihlolwe futhi yatholakala ukuthi yanda.Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa, isizathu esingenzeka ukuthi i-pH yanda ngenxa ye-buffer ye-HCO3-, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-nitric acid njengomlawuli lapho usebenzisa amanzi omthombo njengomthombo wamanzi wokunisela;(3) Uma uboya betshe busetshenziswa njengokutshala okungaphansi, i-pH yesisombululo sokubuyisela iba phezulu isikhathi eside esigabeni sokuqala sokutshala.Kulokhu, i-pH yesisombululo esingenayo kufanele yehliswe ngokufanelekile ibe ngu-5.2 ~ 5.5, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthamo wosawoti we-physiological acid kufanele ukhuliswe, futhi i-calcium ammonium nitrate kufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni se-calcium nitrate ne-potassium sulfate kufanele. ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-potassium nitrate.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthamo we-NH4+ akufanele udlule u-1/10 wengqikithi engu-N kufomula.Isibonelo, lapho inani eliphelele le-N (NO3- +NH4+) ku-20mmol/L, ukuhlushwa kwe-NH4+ kungaphansi kuka-2mmol/L, futhi i-potassium sulfate ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-potassium nitrate, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-SO4^2-kuthonya lokunisela akunconywa ukuthi lidlule i-6 ~ 8 mmol / L;(4) Ngokwezinga lokubuyiswa koketshezi, inani lokunisela kufanele linyuswe isikhathi ngasinye futhi ingxenye engaphansi kufanele igezwe, ikakhulukazi lapho kutshalwa uboya bedwala, ukuze i-rhizosphere pH ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane ngokusebenzisa i-physiological. usawoti omuncu, ngakho-ke inani lokunisela kufanele lenyuswe ukuze kulungiswe i-pH ye-rhizosphere ibe uhla olufanele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isifinyezo

Uhlu oluzwakalayo lwe-rhizosphere EC kanye ne-pH isisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukumuncwa okujwayelekile kwamanzi nomanyolo ngezimpande zikatamatisi.Amanani angavamile azoholela ekuntulekeni kwezakhi zezitshalo, ukungalingani kokulinganisela kwamanzi (ukucindezeleka kokuntuleka kwamanzi / amanzi amahhala amaningi), ukushiswa kwezimpande (i-EC ephezulu kanye ne-pH ephansi) nezinye izinkinga.Ngenxa yokubambezeleka kokungajwayelekile kwezitshalo okubangelwa i-rhizosphere EC ne-pH engavamile, uma inkinga isivela, kusho ukuthi i-rhizosphere EC ne-pH engavamile seyenzekile izinsuku eziningi, futhi inqubo yokubuyela kwesitshalo esijwayelekile izothatha isikhathi, ethinta ngqo okukhiphayo kanye nekhwalithi.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola i-EC ne-pH yoketshezi olungenayo nolubuyayo nsuku zonke.

PHELA

[Ulwazi olucashuniwe] u-Chen Tongqiang, u-Xu Fengjiao, uMa Tiemin, njll. I-Rhizosphere EC kanye nendlela yokulawula i-pH yesiko lokungenanhlabathi likatamatisi ku-greenhouse yengilazi [J].I-Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022,42(31):17-20.