Umthombo wangempela: Houcheng Liu.Isimo sokuthuthuka kanye nethrendi yemboni yokukhanyisa izitshalo ze-LED[J].Journal of Illumination Engineering,2018,29(04):8-9.
Umthombo we-athikili: Material Kanye Deep

Ukukhanya kuyisici esiyisisekelo semvelo sokukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo.Ukukhanya akunikezi nje amandla okukhula kwezitshalo nge-photosynthesis, kodwa futhi kuwumlawuli obalulekile wokukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo.Isengezo sokukhanya okwenziwayo noma ukukhanya okugcwele kokwenziwa kokukhanya kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo, kwandise isivuno, kuthuthukise isimo somkhiqizo, umbala, kuthuthukise izingxenye zokusebenza, futhi kunciphise ukuvela kwezifo nezinambuzane.Namuhla, ngizokwabelana nawe ngesimo sokuthuthuka kanye nokuthambekela kwemboni yokukhanyisa izitshalo.
Ubuchwepheshe bomthombo wokukhanya wokufakelwa busetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokukhanyisa izitshalo.I-LED inezinzuzo eziningi ezifana nokusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuphezulu, ukukhiqiza ukushisa okuphansi, usayizi omncane, impilo ende nezinye izinzuzo eziningi.Inezinzuzo ezisobala emkhakheni wokukhanyisa ukukhanya.Imboni yezibani ezikhulayo izosebenzisa kancane kancane izibani ze-LED zokutshala izitshalo.

A. Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhanyisa izibani ze-LED 

Iphakheji ye-1.LED yokukhanya okukhulayo

Emkhakheni wokukhanyisa izibani ze-LED, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini yokupakisha, futhi alukho uhlelo olujwayelekile lokulinganisa nokuhlola.Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yasekhaya, abakhiqizi bakwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi bagxila emandleni aphezulu, i-cob kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela zamamojula, becabangela uchungechunge lokukhanya okumhlophe kokukhanya okukhulayo, ngokucabangela izici zokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nemvelo yokukhanyisa komuntu, banezinzuzo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ekuthembekeni, ekukhanyeni. ukusebenza kahle, izici zemisebe ye-photosynthetic yezitshalo ezihlukene emijikelezweni yokukhula ehlukene, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamandla aphezulu, amandla aphakathi nendawo kanye nezitshalo ezinamandla aphansi zemikhiqizo yosayizi abahlukene, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhula, ezilindele ukuzuza. umgomo wokukhulisa ukukhula kwezitshalo nokonga amandla.

Inani elikhulu lamalungelo obunikazi ayinhloko wama-chip epitaxial wafers lisesezandleni zezinkampani ezihamba phambili ezifana ne-Nichia yase-Japan kanye ne-American Career.Abakhiqizi bama-chip basekhaya basantula imikhiqizo enelungelo lobunikazi enokuncintisana kwemakethe.Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkampani eziningi zithuthukisa nobuchwepheshe obusha emkhakheni wokukhulisa ama-chips wokufaka wokukhanyisa.Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-chip yefilimu encane ye-Osram yenza ama-chips ahlanganiswe eduze ukuze kwakhe indawo enkulu yokukhanyisa.Ngokusekelwe kulobu buchwepheshe, uhlelo lokukhanyisa lwe-LED olusebenza kahle kakhulu olunobude begagasi obungu-660nm lunganciphisa u-40% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla endaweni yokulima.

2. Khulisa i-spectrum yokukhanyisa namadivayisi
I-spectrum yokukhanya kwezitshalo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihlukahlukene.Izitshalo ezihlukene zinomehluko omkhulu ku-spectra edingekayo emijikelezweni yokukhula ehlukene ngisho nasezindaweni ezihlukene zokukhula.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo ezihlukene, okwamanje kukhona izikimu ezilandelayo embonini: ①Izikimu eziningi zenhlanganisela yokukhanya kwe-monochromatic.I-spectra emithathu esebenza kahle kakhulu ye-photosynthesis yezitshalo ikakhulukazi i-spectrum eneziqongo ezingu-450nm no-660nm, ibhendi engu-730nm yokuqhakaza kwezitshalo, kanye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okungu-525nm kanye nebhande le-ultraviolet elingaphansi kuka-380nm.Hlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ze-spectra ngokwezidingo ezahlukene zezitshalo ukuze wenze i-spectrum efaneleke kakhulu.②Isikimu se-spectrum esigcwele sokufinyelela ukumbozwa okugcwele kwe-spectrum yesidingo sezitshalo.Lolu hlobo lwe-spectrum oluhambisana ne-SUNLIKE chip emele i-Seoul Semiconductor kanye ne-Samsung ingase ingasebenzi kahle, kodwa ifaneleka kuzo zonke izitshalo, futhi izindleko ziphansi kakhulu kunezixazululo zenhlanganisela yokukhanya kwe-monochromatic.③Sebenzisa ukukhanya okumhlophe kwe-spectrum egcwele njengesisekelo, kanye nokukhanya okubomvu okungu-660nm njengesikimu esihlanganisiwe ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-spectrum.Lolu hlelo lungonga kakhulu futhi luyasebenza.

Izitshalo zikhulisa ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic LED chips (amaza amaza amakhulu angama-450nm, 660nm, 730nm) amadivaysi okupakisha ambozwa izinkampani eziningi zasekhaya nezangaphandle, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yasekhaya ihluke kakhulu futhi inemininingwane eyengeziwe, futhi imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi bangaphandle isezingeni eliphakeme.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuya nge-photosynthetic photon flux , Ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya, njll, kusekhona igebe elikhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi bamaphakheji basekhaya nabangaphandle.Kumishini yokupakisha yokukhanya kwezitshalo okukhanyayo okukodwa, ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo enamabhendi amakhulu we-wavelength engu-450nm, 660nm, kanye no-730nm, abakhiqizi abaningi bakha imikhiqizo emisha kwamanye amabhendi we-wavelength ukuze babone ukumbozwa okuphelele kwemisebe yesithombe-synthetically asebenzayo (PAR) ubude begagasi (450-730nm).

Izibani zokukhula kwezitshalo ze-Monochromatic LED azifanele ukukhula kwazo zonke izitshalo.Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zama-LED agcwele-spectrum ziyagqanyiswa.I-spectrum egcwele kufanele iqale ifinyelele ukumbozwa okugcwele kobubanzi obugcwele bokukhanya okubonakalayo (400-700nm), futhi ikhulise ukusebenza kwalawa mabhendi amabili: ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza (470-510nm), ukukhanya okubomvu okujulile (660-700nm).Sebenzisa i-LED evamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-ultraviolet LED chip ene-phosphor ukuze uzuze i-spectrum "egcwele", futhi ukusebenza kahle kwayo kwe-photosynthetic kunokuphakama nokuphansi kwayo.Abakhiqizi abaningi bezitshalo ezikhanyisa amadivaysi okupakisha e-LED amhlophe basebenzisa i-Blue chip + phosphors ukufeza i-spectrum egcwele.Ngaphezu kwemodi yokupakisha yokukhanya kwe-monochromatic nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-ultraviolet chip plus phosphor ukuze kubonakale ukukhanya okumhlophe, amadivaysi okupakisha okukhanyisa izitshalo nawo anemodi yokupakisha eyinhlanganisela esebenzisa ama-wavelength ama-chip amabili noma ngaphezulu, njenge-red ten blue/ultraviolet, RGB, I-RGBW .Le modi yokupakisha inezinzuzo ezinhle ekufiphaleni.

Mayelana nemikhiqizo ye-LED enobude obuncane, abahlinzeki abaningi bokupakisha banganikeza amakhasimende imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-wavelength ebhendini engu-365-740nm.Mayelana ne-spectrum yokukhanyisa kwezitshalo eguqulwa ama-phosphors, abakhiqizi abaningi bokupakisha banezinhlobonhlobo zama-spectrum amakhasimende angakhetha kuzo.Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2016, izinga lokukhula kokuthengisa kwayo ngo-2017 lizuze ukwanda okukhulu.Phakathi kwazo, izinga lokukhula lomthombo wokukhanya we-660nm we-LED ligxilwe ku-20% -50%, futhi izinga lokukhula kokuthengiswa kwesitshalo se-phosphor esiguqulelwe umthombo wokukhanya we-LED sifinyelela ku-50% -200 %, okungukuthi, ukuthengiswa kwesitshalo esiguqulwe i-phosphor. Imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ikhula ngokushesha.

Zonke izinkampani zokupakisha zingahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokupakisha engu-0.2-0.9 W kanye ne-1-3 W evamile.Le mithombo yokukhanya ivumela abakhiqizi bokukhanyisa ukuba babe nokuguquguquka okuhle ekuklanyeni kokukhanyisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokupakisha ehlanganisiwe yamandla aphezulu.Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwe-80% yokuthunyelwa kwabakhiqizi abaningi yi-0.2-0.9 W noma i-1-3 W. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwezinkampani ezihamba phambili zokupakisha zamazwe ngamazwe kugxilwe ku-1-3 W, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwezinkampani ezincane neziphakathi- izinkampani zokupakisha ezinosayizi zigxile ku-0.2-0.9 W.

3.Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kokukhanya kwezitshalo

Emkhakheni wokufaka isicelo, izibani zokukhanyisa izitshalo zezitshalo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-greenhouse, izimboni zezitshalo zokukhanyisa zonke-zokwenziwa, isiko lezicubu zezitshalo, izibani zensimu yokulima ngaphandle, imifino yasendlini kanye nokutshala izimbali, kanye nokucwaninga kwaselabhorethri.

①Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zelanga kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ze-span-span eziningi, ingxenye yokukhanya kokwenziwa kokukhanyisa okwengeziwe isephansi, futhi izibani zensimbi ze-halide nezibani ze-sodium ezinomfutho ophezulu yizona eziyinhloko.Izinga lokungena lezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-LED liphansi kakhulu, kodwa izinga lokukhula liqala ukushesha njengoba izindleko zehla.Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi abasebenzisi banesipiliyoni sesikhathi eside sokusebenzisa izibani ze-metal halide nezibani ze-sodium ezinomfutho ophezulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezibani zensimbi ze-halide nezibani ze-sodium ezinomfutho ophezulu kunganikeza cishe u-6% kuya ku-8% wamandla okushisa i-greenhouse ngenkathi ugwema ukushiswa kwezitshalo.Isistimu yokukhanyisa i-LED ayizange inikeze imiyalelo eqondile nephumelelayo kanye nokwesekwa kwedatha, okubambezele ukusetshenziswa kwayo emini kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezihlala isikhathi eside.Njengamanje, izicelo zemibukiso emincane zisawumgogodla.Njengoba i-LED ingumthombo wokukhanya obandayo, ingaba seduze ne-canopy yezitshalo, okuholela ekubeni nomthelela omncane wokushisa.Emini nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezinama-span amaningi, ukukhanya kwe-LED kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezitshalo phakathi.

② Isicelo sensimu yokulima yangaphandle.Ukungena kanye nokusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa kwezitshalo endaweni yezolimo kuhamba kancane, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokukhanyisa izitshalo ze-LED (ukulawula izithombe ngezikhathi) ezitshalweni zangaphandle zezinsuku ezinde ezinenani eliphezulu lezomnotho (njenge-dragon fruit) kuzuze intuthuko ngokushesha.

③Izimboni zezitshalo.Njengamanje, uhlelo lokukhanyisa izitshalo olushesha kakhulu futhi olusetshenziswa kakhulu yifekthri yezitshalo zokukhanya zokwenziwa zonke, ehlukaniswe yaba amafekthri aphakathi nendawo anezingqimba eziningi nezisatshalaliswa ngezigaba.Ukuthuthukiswa kwamafekthri ezitshalo ezikhanyayo e-China kuyashesha kakhulu.Indikimba eyinhloko yokutshalwa kwezimali yefekthri yezitshalo ezikhanyayo enezingqimba eziningi ephakathi akuzona izinkampani zendabuko zezolimo, kodwa izinkampani eziningi ezisebenza ku-semiconductor kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi yabathengi, njengeZhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, kanye I-COFCO ne-Xi Cui nezinye izinkampani zesimanje zezolimo.Ezimbonini zezitshalo ezisabalalisiwe nezihambayo, iziqukathi zokuthutha (iziqukathi ezintsha noma ukwakhiwa kabusha kweziqukathi esezike zasetshenziswa) zisasetshenziswa njengezithwali ezijwayelekile.Izinhlelo zokukhanyisa izitshalo zazo zonke izitshalo zokwenziwa ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amasistimu okukhanyisa emigqa noma yephaneli eyisicaba, futhi inani lezinhlobonhlobo ezitshaliwe liyaqhubeka nokukhula.Imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED yefomula yokuhlola eyahlukahlukene isiqalile ukusetshenziswa kabanzi futhi kabanzi.Imikhiqizo emakethe ikakhulukazi imifino enamaqabunga aluhlaza.

④Ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zasendlini.I-LED ingasetshenziswa kumalambu wetafula lezitshalo zasendlini, ama-racks okutshala izitshalo zasendlini, imishini yokutshala imifino yasendlini, njll.

⑤Ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zokwelapha.Ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zokwelapha kuhilela izitshalo ezifana ne-Anoectochilus ne-Lithospermum.Imikhiqizo kulezi zimakethe inenani eliphezulu lezomnotho futhi njengamanje iyimboni enezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zokukhanyisa izitshalo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kokutshalwa kwensangu eNyakatho Melika nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeYurophu kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa kwe-LED emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwensangu.

⑥Amalambu aqhakazayo.Njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokulungisa isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali embonini yezingadi yezimbali, ukusetshenziswa kwakuqala kwezibani Eziqhakaza kwakuyizibani ze-incandescent, kulandelwa izibani ze-fluorescent ezonga amandla.Ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni ze-LED, izibani zokukhanyisa eziqhakazayo zohlobo lwe-LED ziye zashintsha kancane kancane izibani zendabuko.

⑦ Isiko lezicubu zezitshalo.Imithombo yokukhanya yesiko lezicubu zendabuko ikakhulukazi izibani ezimhlophe ze-fluorescent, ezinokukhanya okuphansi okukhanyayo kanye nokukhiqiza okukhulu kokushisa.Ama-LED afaneleka kakhulu isiko lezicubu zezitshalo ezisebenza kahle, ezilawulekayo futhi ezihlangene ngenxa yezici zabo ezivelele ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukukhiqiza ukushisa okuphansi nokuphila isikhathi eside.Njengamanje, amashubhu e-LED amhlophe kancane kancane ashintsha amalambu amhlophe e-fluorescent.

4. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesifunda kwezinkampani zokukhanyisa ezikhulayo

Ngokwezibalo, njengamanje kunezinkampani zokukhanyisa ezikhulayo ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezweni lami, futhi zikhulisa izinkampani zokukhanyisa endaweni ye-Pearl River Delta akhawunti ezingaphezu kuka-50%, futhi sezivele zisesikhundleni esikhulu.Khulisa izinkampani zokukhanyisa e-Yangtze River Delta zilinganiselwa ku-30%, futhi kuseyindawo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza yokukhulisa imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa.Izinkampani ezikhulisa izibani zendabuko zisatshalaliswa kakhulu eYangtze River Delta, iPearl River Delta kanye neBohai Rim, lapho iYangtze River Delta yenza ama-53%, kanye nePearl River Delta kanye neBohai Rim akhawunti ama-24% kanye nama-22% ngokulandelana. .Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusatshalaliswa kwabakhiqizi bezibani ze-LED yi-Pearl River Delta (62%), i-Yangtze River Delta (20%) kanye ne-Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhanyisa izibani ze-LED

1. Ubungcweti

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kunezici zokukhanya okuguquguqukayo nokuqina kokukhanya, ukukhiqiza ukushisa okuphansi, nokusebenza okuhle okungangeni manzi, ngakho kulungele ukukhulisa ukukhanya ezigcawini ezihlukahlukene.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinguquko endaweni yemvelo kanye nokuphishekela kwabantu izinga lokudla kuye kwakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwesikhungo sezolimo kanye nezimboni ezikhulayo, futhi kwaholela ekukhuliseni imboni yokukhanyisa i-LED esikhathini sokuthuthuka okusheshayo.Ngokuzayo, ukukhanya kwe-LED kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokudla, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lezithelo nemifino.Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED wokukhanya okhulayo uzothuthuka ngokukhethekile kancane kancane komkhakha futhi uhambe uye lapho okuhloswe khona kakhulu.

2. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu

Ukwenziwa ngcono kokukhanya nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza zokukhanyisa izitshalo.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-LED ukushintsha izibani zendabuko kanye nokwenza kahle okuguquguqukayo kanye nokulungiswa kwendawo yokukhanya ngokwezidingo zefomula yokukhanya yezitshalo kusukela esigabeni sezithombo kuya esigabeni sokuvuna kuyimikhuba engenakugwemeka yezolimo ezicolisisiwe esikhathini esizayo.Mayelana nokuthuthukisa isivuno, ingatshalwa ngezigaba kanye nezifunda kuhlanganiswe nefomula ekhanyayo ngokuya nezici zokuthuthuka zezitshalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nesivuno esigabeni ngasinye.Mayelana nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi, ukulawulwa kokudla okunomsoco kanye nokulawula ukukhanya kungasetshenziswa ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwemisoco nezinye izithako ezisebenzayo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ngokwezilinganiso, isidingo samanje sikazwelonke sezithombo zemifino singamabhiliyoni angama-680, kanti amandla okukhiqiza izithombo zasembonini angaphansi kuka-10%.Imboni yezithombo inezidingo eziphakeme zemvelo.Isikhathi sokukhiqiza isikhathi esiningi sisebusika nentwasahlobo.Ukukhanya kwemvelo kubuthakathaka futhi ukukhanya okufakelwayo okungeziwe kuyadingeka.Ukukhanyisa kwezitshalo kunokufaka nokukhiphayo okuphezulu kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokwamukela okokufaka.I-LED inezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele, ngoba izithelo nemifino (utamatisi, ukhukhamba, amakhabe, njll.) zidinga ukuxhunyelelwa, futhi i-spectrum ethize yokukhanyisa ukukhanya ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu zomswakama ingakhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwezithombo ezixhunywe.Ukukhanya okungeziwe kokutshala imifino ebamba ukushisa kungenza ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo ze-photosynthetic, kukhuthaze ukuqhakaza kwezimbali nokuthela, kwandise isivuno, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kunethuba elibanzi lokusebenza ezitshalweni zemifino kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-greenhouse.

3. Uhlakaniphile

Ukukhanyisa kwezitshalo kunesidingo esinamandla sokulawula isikhathi sangempela sekhwalithi yokukhanya nenani lokukhanya.Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula okukhaliphile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto, izinhlobonhlobo ze-monochromatic spectrum kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile zingakwazi ukubona ukulawula isikhathi, ukulawula ukukhanya, futhi ngokuya ngesimo sokukhula kwezitshalo, ukulungiswa ngesikhathi kwekhwalithi yokukhanya nokuphuma kokukhanya. nakanjani abe ukuthambekela main ekuthuthukisweni esizayo plant ukukhula ukukhanyisa ubuchwepheshe.