[Abstract]Okwamanje, imishini yokutshala ekhaya ivamise ukusebenzisa idizayini ehlanganisiwe, eletha ukuphazamiseka okuningi ekunyakazeni nasekulayisheni nasekulayisheni. Ngokusekelwe kuzici zendawo yokuhlala yezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni kanye nomgomo wokuklama wokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zomndeni, lesi sihloko siphakamisa uhlobo olusha lwedizayini yedivayisi yokutshala umndeni eyakhiwe ngaphambili. Idivayisi inezingxenye ezine: uhlelo lokusekela, uhlelo lokutshala, uhlelo lwamanzi nomanyolo, kanye nesistimu yokwengeza ukukhanya (ikakhulukazi, izibani ze-LED ezikhulayo). Inonyawo oluncane, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo ephezulu, ukwakheka kwenoveli, ukuqaqa nokuhlanganisa okulula, izindleko eziphansi, nokusebenza okuqinile. Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni mayelana ne-ulethisi yesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, imifino esheshayo, iklabishi enomsoco kanye ne-begonia fimbristipula. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwezinga elincane, ingaphinda isetshenziselwe ucwaningo lwesayensi yezitshalo

Umklamo Uwonke Wezinsiza Zokulima

Izimiso Zokuklama

Idivaysi yokulima eyenziwe ngaphambilini iqondiswe ikakhulukazi kubahlali basemadolobheni. Ithimba laphenya ngokugcwele izici zendawo yokuhlala yabahlali basemadolobheni. Indawo incane futhi izinga lokusebenzisa indawo liphezulu; isakhiwo sinoveli futhi sihle; kulula ukuqaqa nokuhlanganisa, kulula futhi kulula ukuyifunda; inezindleko eziphansi kanye nokusebenza okuqinile. Le migomo emine isebenza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuklama, futhi ilwela ukuzuza umgomo wokugcina wokuvumelana nendawo yasekhaya, isakhiwo esihle nesihloniphekile, kanye nenani lokusebenzisa ukonga nokungokoqobo.

Izinto ezizosetshenziswa

Uhlaka lokusekela luthengwa emkhiqizweni weshelufu wemakethe onezingqimba eziningi, ubude obungu-1.5 m, ububanzi obungu-0.6 m, kanye no-2.0 m ukuphakama. Impahla iyinsimbi, ifuthwe futhi ivinjwe ukugqwala, kanti amakhona amane ohlaka olusekelayo ashiselwe ngamasondo e-universal brake; ipuleti elinezimbambo likhethwa ukuze kuqiniswe ipuleti lesendlalelo sohlaka lokusekela elenziwe ngepuleti lensimbi eliwugqinsi elingu-2 mm eline-spray-plastic anti-rust treatment, izingcezu ezimbili ungqimba ngalunye. Umkhombe wokulima wenziwe nge-open-cap PVC hydroponic square tube, 10 cm × 10 cm. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziyibhodi le-PVC eliqinile, elinobukhulu obungu-2.4 mm. Ububanzi bemigodi yokulima buyi-5 cm, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwemigodi yokulima ngu-10 cm. Ithangi lesixazululo sezakhi noma ithangi lamanzi lenziwe ngebhokisi lepulasitiki elinodonga oluyi-7 mm ubude, ubude obungu-120 cm, ububanzi obungama-50 cm, nobude obungama-28 cm.

Idizayini Yesakhiwo Sedivayisi Yokulima

Ngokohlelo lokuklama lulonke, idivayisi yokulima yomndeni eyakhiwe ngaphambili inezingxenye ezine: isistimu yokusekela, uhlelo lokulima, uhlelo lwamanzi nomanyolo, kanye nesistimu yokwengeza ukukhanya (ikakhulukazi, izibani zokukhulisa i-LED). Ukusabalalisa ohlelweni kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Umfanekiso 1, ukusatshalaliswa ohlelweni kuboniswa ku.

Idizayini yesistimu yokusekela

Isistimu yokusekela yedivaysi yokulima yomndeni eyenziwe ngaphambilini yenziwe isigxobo esiqondile, ugongolo kanye nepuleti lesendlalelo. Isigxobo nesigxobo kufakwa ngembobo yembobo uvemvane, okulula ukukuqaqa nokuhlanganisa. I-beam ifakwe ipuleti lesendlalelo sezimbambo eliqinisiwe. Amakhona amane ohlaka lokulima ashiselwe ngamasondo asemhlabeni wonke anamabhuleki ukuze kwandiswe ukuguquguquka kokuhamba kwensiza yokulima.

Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokulima

I-tank yokulima iyishubhu yesikwele se-hydroponic engu-10 cm × 10 cm enomklamo wekhava ovulekile, okulula ukuwuhlanza, futhi ungasetshenziselwa ukutshala isixazululo sezakhi, ukutshala i-substrate noma ukutshala inhlabathi. Ekutshalweni kwesisombululo sezakhi, ubhasikidi wokutshala ufakwa emgodini wokutshala, futhi izithombo zilungiswa ngesipontshi sokucaciswa okuhambisanayo. Lapho i-substrate noma inhlabathi ilinywa, isipontshi noma i-gauze igxilwa emigodini yokuxhuma emikhawulweni yomibili yomkhombe wokulima ukuvimbela i-substrate noma inhlabathi ekuvimbeleni uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Iziphetho ezimbili zethangi lokulima zixhunywe ohlelweni lokujikeleza nge-hose yerabha enobubanzi bangaphakathi obuyi-30 mm, okugwema ngokuphumelelayo ukukhubazeka kokuqina kwesakhiwo okubangelwa ukubopha kwe-PVC glue, okungahambisani nokunyakaza.

Idizayini Yohlelo Lokuzungeza Amanzi Nomanyolo

Ekutshalweni kwesisombululo sezakhi, sebenzisa iphampu elungisekayo ukwengeza isixazululo sezakhi ethangini lokulima lezinga eliphezulu, futhi ulawule indlela yokugeleza kwesisombululo sezakhi ngepulaki yangaphakathi yepayipi le-PVC. Ukuze ugweme ukugeleza okungalingani kwesisombululo sezakhi, isixazululo sezakhi ku-tank yokulima yongqimba olufanayo samukela indlela yokugeleza "emise okwe-S" engaqondile. Ukuze ukwandise okuqukethwe kwe-oksijini yesisombululo sezakhi, lapho ungqimba oluphansi kakhulu lwesixazululo sezakhi luphuma, igebe elithile liklanyelwe phakathi kokuphuma kwamanzi kanye nezinga le-liquid lethangi lamanzi. Ku-substrate noma ukutshalwa kwenhlabathi, ithangi lamanzi libekwe phezu kwesendlalelo esiphezulu, futhi ukuchelela nokukhulelwa kwenziwa ngohlelo lokunisela lokunisela. Ipayipi eliyinhloko liyipayipi elimnyama le-PE elinobubanzi obungu-32 mm nobukhulu bodonga obungu-2.0 mm, kanti ipayipi legatsha liyipayipi elimnyama le-PE elinobubanzi obungu-16 mm kanye nodonga oluyi-1.2 mm. Ipayipi legatsha ngalinye Faka i-valve yokulawula komuntu ngamunye. Umcibisholo wokuwisa usebenzisa umcibisholo oconsi onxephezelwa ukucindezela, 2 imbobo ngayinye, efakwe empandeni yesithombo emgodini wokulima. Amanzi engeziwe aqoqwa ngohlelo lokudonsa amanzi, ahlungwe aphinde asetshenziswe.

I-Light Supplement System

Lapho idivayisi yokulima isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-balcony, ukukhanya kwemvelo okuvela kuvulandi kungasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokukhanya okungeziwe noma inani elincane lokukhanya okungeziwe. Lapho uhlakulela egumbini lokuphumula, kuyadingeka ukwenza umklamo wokukhanyisa ongeziwe. Indawo yokukhanyisa ingu-1.2 m ubude be-LED grow light, futhi isikhathi sokukhanya silawulwa isibali-sikhathi esizenzakalelayo. Isikhathi sokukhanya sisethelwe ku-14 h, futhi isikhathi sokukhanya okungesona esingeziwe singamahora ayi-10. Kukhona izibani ze-LED ezingu-4 kungqimba ngalunye, ezifakwe ngaphansi kwesendlalelo. Amashubhu amane ongqimba olufanayo axhunywe ochungechungeni, futhi izendlalelo zixhunywe ngokuhambisana. Ngokwezidingo zokukhanyisa ezihlukene zezitshalo ezahlukene, ukukhanya kwe-LED okune-spectrum ehlukene kungakhethwa.

Ukuhlanganisa Idivayisi

Umshini wokulima owenziwe ekhaya ulula ngesakhiwo (Umfanekiso 2) futhi inqubo yokuhlanganisa ilula. Esinyathelweni sokuqala, ngemva kokunquma ukuphakama kwesendlalelo ngasinye ngokuya ngobude bezitshalo ezitshaliwe, faka ugongolo emgodini wovemvane wesigxobo esiqondile ukuze kwakhiwe uhlaka lwamathambo edivayisi; esinyathelweni sesibili, lungisa i-LED grow light tube kubambo oluqinisayo ngemuva kwesendlalelo, bese ubeka ungqimba emgodini ongaphakathi we-crossbeam yohlaka lokulima; isinyathelo sesithathu, umkhombe wokulima kanye nesimiso sokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo kuxhunywe ngepayipi lerabha; isinyathelo sesine, faka ishubhu le-LED, setha isibali sikhathi esizenzakalelayo, bese ubeka ithangi lamanzi; isinyathelo sesihlanu sokulungisa iphutha, engeza amanzi ethangini lamanzi Ngemva kokulungisa ikhanda lepompo nokugeleza, hlola uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo kanye nokuxhunywa kwethangi lokulima ukuze livuze amanzi, vula amandla futhi uhlole uxhumano lwamalambu e-LED nokusebenza. isimo sesibali sikhathi esizenzakalelayo.

Umfanekiso 2, ukuklanywa okuphelele kwedivaysi yokulima eyenziwe ngaphambilini

Isicelo kanye nokuhlola

Isicelo Sokulima

Ngo-2019, idivayisi izosetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwemifino emincane yasendlini njenge-ulethisi, iklabishi laseShayina, nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi (Umfanekiso 3). Ngo-2020, ngesisekelo sokufingqa isipiliyoni sokulima sangaphambilini, ithimba lephrojekthi lathuthukisa ukutshalwa kwe-organic substrate yemifino e-homologous yokudla nemithi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokutshala isixazululo sezakhi ze-Begonia fimbristipula hance, okwacebisa izibonelo zohlelo lokusebenza lwasekhaya lwedivayisi. Eminyakeni emibili edlule yokulima nokufaka, ulethisi kanye nemifino esheshayo ingavunwa ezinsukwini ezingama-25 ngemuva kokutshala endaweni yokushisa yasendlini engu-20-25℃; i-celery idinga ukukhula izinsuku ezingu-35-40; I-Begonia fimbristipula Hance kanye neklabishi laseShayina izitshalo ezingapheli ezingavunwa izikhathi eziningi; I-Begonia fimbristipula ingavuna iziqu namaqabunga aphezulu angama-10 cm ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-35, futhi iziqu ezincane namaqabunga angavunwa ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-45 ukuze kukhule iklabishi. Lapho kuvunwa, isivuno se-ulethisi neklabishi yaseShayina singama-100 ~ 150 g isitshalo ngasinye; isivuno se-celery esimhlophe nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi abomvu esitshalweni ngasinye singama-100 ~ 120 g; isivuno se-Begonia fimbristipula Hance ekuvuneni kokuqala siphansi, 20-30 g isitshalo ngasinye, futhi ngokuhluma okuqhubekayo kwamagatsha aseceleni, singavunwa okwesibili, ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezingaba ngu-15 kanye nesivuno se-60- 80 g isitshalo ngasinye; isivuno somgodi wemenyu enomsoco singama-50-80 g, sivunwa kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-25, futhi singavunwa ngokuqhubekayo.

Umfanekiso 3, Ukusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza kwensiza yokulima eyenziwe ngaphambilini

Umphumela Wohlelo

Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu konyaka yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, idivayisi ingasebenzisa ngokugcwele indawo enezinhlangothi ezintathu zegumbi ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Imisebenzi yayo yokulayisha nokukhipha ilula futhi kulula ukuyifunda, futhi akukho ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe okudingekayo. Ngokulungisa ukuphakama nokugeleza kwepompo yamanzi, inkinga yokugeleza ngokweqile nokuchichima kwesisombululo sezakhi ethangini lokulima ingagwenywa. Umklamo wekhava ovulekile wethangi lokulima akulula nje ukuhlanza ngemva kokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi kulula ukushintshwa lapho izesekeli zonakalisiwe. Ithangi lokulima lixhunywe nepayipi lenjoloba lohlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo, eliqaphela ukwakheka kwe-modular yethangi lokulima kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo, futhi ligwema ukungalungi komklamo ohlanganisiwe kudivayisi yendabuko ye-hydroponic. Ukwengeza, idivayisi ingasetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwesayensi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezilawulekayo kanye nomswakama ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zasendlini. Ayigcini nje ngokugcina indawo yokuhlola, kodwa futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zendawo yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukuhambisana kwendawo yokukhula kwezimpande. Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa okulula, idivayisi yokulima ingabuye ihlangabezane nezidingo zezindlela ezahlukene zokwelashwa zemvelo ye-rhizosphere, futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuhloleni kwesayensi yezitshalo.

Umthombo we-athikili: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat yeI-Agricultural Engineering Technology (i-greenhouse horticulture) 

Ulwazi lwereferensi: Wang Fei,Wang Changyi,Shi Jingxuan,et al.Ukuklama nokusebenzisa idivayisi yokulima yasendlini eyenziwe ngaphambilini[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2021,41(16):12-15.