[Isifinyezo] Njengamanje, amadivayisi okutshala ekhaya avame ukusebenzisa umklamo ohlanganisiwe, okuletha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekunyakazeni nasekulayisheni nasekuthululeni. Ngokusekelwe ezicini zendawo yokuhlala yezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni kanye nomgomo wokuklama wokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zomndeni, lesi sihloko siphakamisa uhlobo olusha lomklamo wedivayisi yokutshala yomndeni elungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Le divayisi inezingxenye ezine: uhlelo lokusekela, uhlelo lokulima, uhlelo lwamanzi nomanyolo, kanye nohlelo lokwengeza ukukhanya (ikakhulukazi, izibani zokukhulisa ze-LED). Inendawo encane, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala esiphezulu, isakhiwo esisha, ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanganiswa okulula, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokusebenza okuqinile. Ingahlangabezana nezidingo zezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni mayelana ne-lettuce ye-celery, imifino esheshayo, iklabishi enomsoco kanye ne-begonia fimbristipula. Ngemva kokuguqulwa okuncane, ingasetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni lwesayensi yezitshalo.

Umklamo Ophelele Wemishini Yokulima

Izimiso Zokuklama

Idivayisi yokulima elungiselelwe kusengaphambili iqondiswe kakhulu kubantu abahlala emadolobheni. Ithimba lihlolisise ngokugcwele izici zendawo yokuhlala yabantu abahlala emadolobheni. Indawo incane futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwendawo liphezulu; isakhiwo sisha futhi sihle; kulula ukusihlukanisa nokuhlanganisa, kulula ukusifunda; sinezindleko eziphansi futhi sisebenziseka kahle. Lezi zimiso ezine zidlula yonke inqubo yokuklama, futhi zilwela ukufeza umgomo wokugcina wokuvumelanisa nendawo yasekhaya, isakhiwo esihle nesihloniphekile, kanye nenani lokusetshenziswa elingabizi nelisebenzayo.

Izinto ezizosetshenziswa

Uhlaka lokusekela luthengwa kumkhiqizo weshelufu wemakethe onezingqimba eziningi, ubude obuyi-1.5 m, ububanzi obuyi-0.6 m, kanye nokuphakama okungama-2.0 m. Izinto zokwakha ziyinsimbi, zifuthwe futhi azigqwali, kanti amakhona amane ohlaka lokusekela ahlanganiswe ngamasondo e-brake universal; ipuleti elinomucu likhethwa ukuqinisa ipuleti lesendlalelo lohlaka lokusekela elenziwe ngepuleti lensimbi elinobukhulu obuyi-2 mm elinokwelashwa kokulwa nokugqwala kwe-spray-plastic, izingcezu ezimbili ngesendlalelo ngasinye. Umgodi wokulima wenziwe ngeshubhu yesikwele se-PVC hydroponic elivulekile, eliyi-10 cm × 10 cm. Izinto zokwakha ziyibhodi le-PVC eliqinile, elinobukhulu obuyi-2.4 mm. Ububanzi bezimbobo zokulima buyi-5 cm, kanti isikhala sezimbobo zokulima siyi-10 cm. Ithangi lesisombululo sezakhamzimba noma ithangi lamanzi lenziwe ngebhokisi lepulasitiki elinobukhulu bodonga obuyi-7 mm, ubude obuyi-120 cm, ububanzi obuyi-50 cm, kanye nokuphakama okungama-28 cm.

Umklamo Wesakhiwo Sedivayisi Yokulima

Ngokusho kohlelo lokuklama oluphelele, idivayisi yokulima yomndeni elungiselelwe kusengaphambili inezingxenye ezine: uhlelo lokusekela, uhlelo lokulima, uhlelo lwamanzi nomanyolo, kanye nohlelo lokwengeza ukukhanya (ikakhulukazi, izibani zokukhulisa ze-LED). Ukusatshalaliswa ohlelweni kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Umfanekiso 1, ukusatshalaliswa ohlelweni kuboniswe ku.

Umklamo wohlelo lokusekela

Uhlelo lokusekela lwedivayisi yokulima yomndeni elungiselelwe ngaphambili lwakhiwe yinsika eqondile, ugongolo kanye nepuleti lesendlalelo. Isigxobo kanye nogongolo kufakwa nge-buckle yembobo yebhabhathane, okulula ukuyihlukanisa nokuyihlanganisa. Ugongolo lufakwe ipuleti lesendlalelo sembambo eliqinisiwe. Amakhona amane ohlaka lokulima ahlanganiswe ngamasondo e-universal anamabhuleki ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kokunyakaza kwedivayisi yokulima.

Umklamo wohlelo lokulima

Ithangi lokulima liyishubhu lesikwele le-hydroponic elingu-10 cm × 10 cm elinomklamo ovulekile wokumboza, okulula ukulihlanza, futhi lingasetshenziswa ekutshalweni kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba, ukutshalwa kwesisekelo noma ukutshalwa kwenhlabathi. Ekutshalweni kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba, ibhasikidi lokutshala lifakwa emgodini wokutshala, bese izithombo ziqiniswa ngesiponji esinezincazelo ezifanayo. Lapho isisekelo noma inhlabathi itshalwa, isiponji noma i-gauze kugxishwa emigodini exhumanisayo kuzo zombili iziphetho zomsele wokulima ukuvimbela isisekelo noma inhlabathi ukuthi ingavimbi uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi. Iziphetho ezimbili zethangi lokulima zixhunywe ohlelweni lokujikeleza ngepayipi lerabha elinobubanzi obungaphakathi obungu-30 mm, okugwema ngempumelelo amaphutha okuqina kwesakhiwo okubangelwa ukubopha kweglue ye-PVC, okungahambisani nokunyakaza.

Umklamo Wesistimu Yokujikeleza Amanzi Nomanyolo

Ekutshalweni kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba, sebenzisa iphampu elungisekayo ukuze wengeze isisombululo sezakhamzimba ethangini lokulima eliphezulu, futhi ulawule indlela yokugeleza kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba ngepulaki yangaphakathi yepayipi le-PVC. Ukuze ugweme ukugeleza okungalingani kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba, isisombululo sezakhamzimba ethangini lokulima elinesendlalelo esifanayo sisebenzisa indlela yokugeleza "eyi-S-shaped" eqondiswe ngendlela eyodwa. Ukuze kwandiswe okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba, lapho ungqimba oluphansi kakhulu lwesisombululo sezakhamzimba luphuma, kuklanywa igebe elithile phakathi kwendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi kanye nezinga loketshezi lethangi lamanzi. Ekutshalweni kwe-substrate noma kwenhlabathi, ithangi lamanzi libekwa engqimbeni ephezulu, futhi ukunisela nokufaka umanyolo kwenziwa ngohlelo lokunisela ngokuconsa. Ipayipi eliyinhloko ipayipi le-PE elimnyama elinobubanzi obungu-32 mm kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-2.0 mm, kanti ipayipi legatsha liyipayipi le-PE elimnyama elinobubanzi obungu-16 mm kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-1.2 mm. Ipayipi ngalinye legatsha Faka ivalvu yokulawula komuntu ngamunye. Umcibisholo wokudonsa usebenzisa i-dripper yomcibisholo oqondile ocindezelwe, emi-2 ngembobo, efakwe empandeni yesithombo emgodini wokulima. Amanzi angaphezulu aqoqwa ngohlelo lokukhipha amanzi, ahlungwe bese esetshenziswa kabusha.

Uhlelo Lokwengeza Olukhanyayo

Uma idivayisi yokulima isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-balcony, ukukhanya kwemvelo okuvela e-balcony kungasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokukhanya okwengeziwe noma inani elincane lokukhanya okwengeziwe. Lapho ulima egumbini lokuphumula, kubalulekile ukwenza umklamo wokukhanya okwengeziwe. Isibani sokukhanyisa siyisibani sokukhulisa se-LED esingamamitha ayi-1.2 ubude, futhi isikhathi sokukhanya silawulwa yi-timer ezenzakalelayo. Isikhathi sokukhanya sisethwe kumahora ayi-14, kanti isikhathi sokukhanya esingesingeziwe singamahora ayi-10. Kunezibani ze-LED ezine kungqimba ngayinye, ezifakwe phansi kwengqimba. Amapayipi amane kungqimba efanayo axhunyiwe ngokulandelana, futhi izendlalelo zixhunywe ngokuhambisana. Ngokwezidingo zokukhanya ezahlukene zezitshalo ezahlukene, ukukhanya kwe-LED okune-spectrum ehlukile kungakhethwa.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwedivayisi

Idivayisi yokulima yasekhaya eyenziwe kusengaphambili ilula ngesakhiwo (Isithombe 2) futhi inqubo yokuhlanganisa ilula. Esigabeni sokuqala, ngemva kokunquma ukuphakama kwesendlalelo ngasinye ngokuya ngokuphakama kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe, faka ugongolo emgodini webhabhathane wenduku eqondile ukuze wakhe uhlaka lwedivayisi; esigabeni sesibili, lungisa ithubhu lokukhanyisa le-LED embanjeni wokuqinisa ngemuva kwesendlalelo, bese ubeka ungqimba emgodini wangaphakathi we-crossbeam yohlaka lokulima; isinyathelo sesithathu, ithubhu lokulima kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo kuxhunywe ngepayipi lerabha; isinyathelo sesine, faka ithubhu le-LED, setha i-timer ezenzakalelayo, bese ubeka ithangi lamanzi; ukulungisa iphutha lesinyathelo sesihlanu, engeza amanzi ethangini lamanzi Ngemva kokulungisa ikhanda lephampu kanye nokugeleza, hlola uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo kanye nokuxhumeka kwethangi lokulima ukuze kutholakale ukuvuza kwamanzi, uvule futhi uhlole uxhumano lwezibani ze-LED kanye nesimo sokusebenza se-timer ezenzakalelayo.

Umfanekiso 2, umklamo ophelele wedivayisi yokulima esetshenzisiwe

Isicelo Nokuhlola

Isicelo Sokulima

Ngo-2019, le divayisi izosetshenziselwa ukutshala imifino emincane ngaphakathi njenge-lettuce, iklabishi laseShayina, kanye ne-celery (Isithombe 3). Ngo-2020, ngokufingqa ulwazi lokulima lwangaphambilini, ithimba lephrojekthi lathuthukisa ukutshalwa kwemifino efana nokudla nemithi ye-Begonia fimbristipula hance, okuthuthukise izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwale divayisi. Eminyakeni emibili edlule yokulima nokusetshenziswa, i-lettuce kanye nemifino esheshayo kungavunwa ezinsukwini ezingama-25 ngemuva kokulima ekushiseni kwangaphakathi okungu-20-25℃; i-celery idinga ukukhula izinsuku ezingama-35-40; i-Begonia fimbristipula Hance kanye neklabishi laseShayina yizitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside ezingavunwa izikhathi eziningi; i-Begonia fimbristipula ingavuna iziqu namaqabunga aphezulu angu-10 cm ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-35, kanti iziqu namaqabunga amancane kungavunwa ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-45 zokukhulisa iklabishi. Uma kuvunwa, isivuno se-lettuce kanye neklabishi laseShayina singama-100~150 g ngesitshalo ngasinye; isivuno se-celery emhlophe kanye ne-celery ebomvu ngesitshalo ngasinye singama-100 ~ 120 g; isivuno se-Begonia fimbristipula Hance ekuvuneni kokuqala siphansi, singama-20-30 g ngesitshalo ngasinye, futhi ngokuhluma okuqhubekayo kwamagatsha aseceleni, singavunwa okwesibili, ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezingaba yi-15 kanye nesivuno esingama-60-80 g ngesitshalo ngasinye; isivuno sembobo yemenyu enomsoco singama-50-80 g, sivunwe kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-25, futhi singavunwa njalo.

Umfanekiso 3, Ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wedivayisi yokulima esetshenzisiwe

Umphumela Wohlelo Lokusebenza

Ngemva konyaka wokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, idivayisi ingasebenzisa ngokugcwele isikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu segumbi ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Imisebenzi yayo yokulayisha nokukhipha ilula futhi kulula ukuyifunda, futhi akukho ukuqeqeshwa kobungcweti okudingekayo. Ngokulungisa ukuphakama nokugeleza kwephampu yamanzi, inkinga yokugeleza ngokweqile kanye nokuchichima kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba ethangini lokulima ingagwenywa. Umklamo ovulekile wethangi lokulima awulula nje kuphela ukuwuhlanza ngemva kokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi kulula ukuwushintsha lapho izesekeli zonakele. Ithangi lokulima lixhunywe nepayipi lerabha lohlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo, oluqaphela ukwakheka kwethangi lokulima kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi nomanyolo, futhi lugwema ubuthakathaka bomklamo ohlanganisiwe kudivayisi yendabuko ye-hydroponic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi ingasetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwesayensi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa nomswakama ezilawulwayo ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zasekhaya. Ayigcini nje ngokusindisa isikhala sokuhlola, kodwa futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukuhambisana kwendawo yokukhula kwezimpande. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa okulula, idivayisi yokulima ingahlangabezana nezidingo zezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha zemvelo ye-rhizosphere, futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwesayensi yezitshalo.

Umthombo wesihloko: I-akhawunti ye-Wechat kaUbuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo (ukulima kwezitshalo eziluhlaza okotshani) 

Imininingwane yereferensi: Wang Fei,Wang Changyi,Shi Jingxuan,et al.Ukuklama nokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi yokulima yasekhaya esetshenzisiwe ngaphambili [J].Ubuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo, 2021,41(16):12-15.