Umbhali: I-Zhang Chaoqin. Umthombo: Idijithali

Ukwanda Okusheshayo Kwabantu kanye Nokwenza Intuthuko Yentuthuko Yedolobha kulindeleke ukuthi inxuse futhi ithuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula komkhakha wepulazi omile. Amapulazi amile abhekwa njengokukwazi ukuxazulula ezinye zezinkinga zokukhiqizwa kokudla, kepha ukuthi kungaba yisixazululo esimeme ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kunezingqinamba eqinisweni.

Ngokusho kwemibiko yokudla kwe-Navigator yokudla kanye ne-Guardian, kanye nocwaningo lweZizwe Ezihlangene, inani lomhlaba wonke lizokhula kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7.5 abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2050. I-FAO Billion ngo-2050. Hlangana futhi ukondle inani labantu ngo-2050, ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuzokwanda ngo-70% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2007, futhi ngokukhiqizwa okusanhlamvu komhlaba okungu-2050 komhlaba kumele kukhule kusuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kwezingu-3 kwezigidigidi zamathani. Inyama idinga ukuphindwa kabili, yanda kufinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-470.

Ukulungisa nokungeza umhlaba owengeziwe wokukhiqizwa kwezolimo kungenzeka kungaxazululi inkinga kwamanye amazwe. I-UK isebenzise i-72% yezwe layo ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, kepha isadinga ukungenisa ukudla. I-United Kingdom izama ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokulima, njengokusebenzisa imigudu yokuhlaselwa umoya ishiywe eMpini Yezwe II ngokutshala okuluhlaza okubamba ukushisa. Umqalisi uRichard Ballard futhi uhlela ukwandisa ibanga lokutshala ngonyaka we-2019.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nakho kuyisithiyo ekukhiqizeni ukudla. Ngokwezibalo ze-OECD, cishe ama-70% okusetshenziswa kwamanzi azowamapulazi. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhulisa nezinkinga zokukhiqiza. Ukufuduka kwabantu kwamadolobha kudinga futhi uhlelo lokukhiqiza ukudla ukondla inani labantu abakhula ngokushesha lasemadolobheni ngezisebenzi ezimbalwa zasemakhaya, umhlaba olinganiselwe kanye nezinsizakusebenza zamanzi ezilinganiselwe. Lezi zinkinga zishayela ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi abheke mpo.
Izici ezisetshenziswayo eziphansi zamapulazi aqonde mpo zizoletha amathuba okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ukuthi kungene edolobheni, futhi kungasondela kakhulu kubathengi basemadolobheni. Ibanga elisuka epulazini liye kumthengi lincishisiwe, linciphisa lonke i-supply chain, futhi abathengi basemadolobheni bazoba nentshisekelo kakhulu emithonjeni yokudla nokufinyelela okulula ekukhiqizeni okunempilo. Esikhathini esedlule, kwakungelula ukuba izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ukufinyelela ukudla okunempilo. Amapulazi amile angakhiwa ngqo ekhishini noma egcekeni lawo. Lokhu kuzoba ngumlayezo obaluleke kakhulu owethulwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi abheke mpo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukelwa kwemodeli yepulazi mpo kuzoba nomthelela obanzi kwi-Quality Atvise Defining Teach, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yezolimo yezolimo efana nomanyolo wokwenziwa, ama-pesticides kanye nama-herbicides azoncishiswa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo sezinhlelo ze-HVAC nezinhlelo zokulawula sizokhuphuka ukuze silondoloze izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuphathwa kwamanzi kwesimo sezulu kanye nomfula. Ezolimo mpo zivame ukusebenzisa izibani ezikhethekile ze-LED zokulingisa ukukhanya kwelanga neminye imishini ukusetha isakhiwo esingaphakathi noma sangaphandle.

Ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi abheke mpo kuhlanganisa "ubuchwepheshe be-Smart" obungenhla bokuqapha izimo zemvelo nokwenza kahle ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namaminerali. Ubuchwepheshe bezinto (i-IOT) ubuchwepheshe buzophinde babambe iqhaza elibalulekile. Ingasetshenziswa ukuqopha idatha yokukhula kwesitshalo. Ukuvunwa kwezilimo kuzolandelwa futhi kubhekwe ngamakhompiyutha noma izingcingo eziphathwayo kwezinye izindawo.

Amapulazi amile angakhiqiza ukudla okwengeziwe okunemithombo engaphansi yomhlaba nezinsizakusebenza zamanzi, futhi akukude kakhulu kumanyolo wamakhemikhali ayingozi kanye nama-pesticides. Kodwa-ke, amashalofu afakiwe egumbini adinga amandla amaningi kunezolimo zendabuko. Noma ngabe kukhona amawindi egumbini, ukukhanya okufakelwa kuvame ukudingeka ngenxa yezizathu ezinqunyelwe. Uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu lunganikeza imvelo ekhulayo engcono kakhulu, kepha futhi kunamandla kakhulu.

Ngokusho kwezibalo ezivela eMnyangweni wase-UK wezoLimo, ulethisi ukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-250 kWh (Khowatt Hour) wamandla adingekayo ngemitha yesikwele yendawo yokutshala unyaka nonyaka. Ngokusho kocwaningo olusebenzayo lokubambisana lwesikhungo sokucwaninga ngesiJalimane DLR, ipulazi elithe mpo yendawo yokutshala yosayizi ofanayo idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumangazayo kuka-3 500 kWh ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwamukelekayo kuzoba yisihloko esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe okuzayo kwamapulazi ame mpo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulazi amile nawo anezinkinga zokuxhaswa kwezimali. Lapho ongxowankulu be-ventleture badonsa izandla, ibhizinisi lokuhweba lizophela. Isibonelo, i-Paignton Zoo eDevon, UK, yasungulwa ngonyaka ka-2009. Kwakungenye yezindawo zokuqala zasemapulazini ezimile. Isebenzise uhlelo lwe-Verticrop ukukhulisa imifino enamahlamvu. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ngenxa yezimali ezinganele ezilandelayo, uhlelo nalo lungene emlandweni. Inkampani elandelayo i-Valust, kamuva eyaba i-alterrus, futhi yaqala ukusungula indlela yophahla lokugcina ukushisa abamba ukushisa eCanada, ekugcineni yaphela ekuqothulweni.