Umbhali: Zhang Chaoqin.Umthombo: DIGTIMES

Ukwanda okusheshayo kwesibalo sabantu kanye nentuthuko yokufudukela emadolobheni kulindeleke ukuthi kugqugquzele futhi kugqugquzele ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwemboni yasemapulazini emile.Amapulazi amile abhekwa njengakwazi ukuxazulula ezinye zezinkinga zokukhiqizwa kokudla, kodwa noma kungaba yisixazululo esimeme sokukhiqizwa kokudla, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi zisekhona izinselelo eqinisweni.

Ngokwemibiko yeFood Navigator neThe Guardian, kanye nezinhlolovo zeZizwe Ezihlangene, inani labantu emhlabeni wonke lizokhula lisuka kubantu abakhona manje abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.3 liye kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.5 ngo-2030, kanye nabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.7 ngo-2050. I-FAO ilinganisela ukuthi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokondla abantu ngo-2050, ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuzokwenyuka ngo-70% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2007, futhi ngonyaka wezi-2050 ukukhiqizwa okusanhlamvu emhlabeni wonke kufanele kukhuphuke kusuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.1 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu.Inyama idinga ukuphindwa kabili, ikhule ibe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-470.

Ukulungisa nokwengeza umhlaba owengeziwe wokukhiqiza ezolimo kungase kungayixazululi ngempela inkinga kwamanye amazwe.I-UK isebenzise u-72% womhlaba wayo ukukhiqiza ezolimo, kodwa isadinga ukungenisa ukudla kwamanye amazwe.I-United Kingdom nayo izama ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokulima, njengokusebenzisa imigudu yokuhlasela komoya eyasala eMpini Yezwe II ukuze kutshalwe i-greenhouse efanayo.Umsunguli u-Richard Ballard futhi uhlela ukwandisa ububanzi bokutshala ngo-2019.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuyisithiyo ekukhiqizeni ukudla.Ngokwezibalo ze-OECD, cishe amaphesenti angama-70 amanzi asetshenziswa emapulazini.Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nakho kwandisa izinkinga zokukhiqiza.Ukufudukela emadolobheni kudinga futhi uhlelo lokukhiqiza ukudla ukuze londle abantu basemadolobheni abakhula ngokushesha abanezisebenzi ezimbalwa zasemaphandleni, umhlaba olinganiselwe kanye nemithombo yamanzi elinganiselwe.Lezi zinkinga ziqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi aqondile.
Izici eziphansi zokusetshenziswa kwamapulazi aqondile zizoletha amathuba okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ukuthi kungene edolobheni, futhi kungase kusondele kubathengi basemadolobheni.Ibanga ukusuka epulazini ukuya kumthengi liyancishiswa, kufinyezwe lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, futhi abathengi basemadolobheni bazoba nesithakazelo kakhulu emithonjeni yokudla kanye nokufinyelela okulula ekukhiqizweni komsoco omusha.Esikhathini esedlule, kwakungelula ngezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ukuthola ukudla okusha okunempilo.Amapulazi aqondile angakhiwa ngqo ekhishini noma egcekeni lawo.Lona kuzoba umlayezo obaluleke kakhulu odluliswa ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi amile.

Ukwengeza, ukwamukelwa kwemodeli yepulazi eqondile kuzoba nomthelela obanzi ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezolimo lwendabuko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yendabuko yezolimo efana nomanyolo wokwenziwa, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezibulala-khula zizoncipha kakhulu.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo sezinhlelo ze-HVAC nezinhlelo zokulawula zizokhula ukuze kugcinwe izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulawulwa kwamanzi omfula.Ezolimo eziqondile ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izibani ze-LED ezikhethekile ukuze zilingise ukukhanya kwelanga nezinye izinto zokusebenza ukusetha izakhiwo zasendlini noma zangaphandle.

Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi aqondile kuhlanganisa "nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile" obushiwo ngenhla bokuqapha izimo zemvelo kanye nokwenza kahle ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namaminerali.Ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) nabo buzodlala indima ebalulekile.Ingasetshenziselwa ukurekhoda idatha yokukhula kwezitshalo.Isivuno sezitshalo sizolandeleka futhi sigadwe ngamakhompyutha noma omakhalekhukhwini kwezinye izindawo.

Amapulazi amile angakhiqiza ukudla okuningi nomhlabathi namanzi amancane, futhi aqhelelene nomanyolo wamakhemikhali ayingozi nezibulala-zinambuzane.Nokho, amashalofu embondelene ekamelweni adinga amandla angaphezu kwezolimo zendabuko.Ngisho noma kukhona amafasitela ekamelweni, ukukhanya okwenziwa ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezivimbelayo.Uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu lunganikeza indawo ekhulayo engcono kakhulu, kodwa futhi ludinga amandla amaningi.

Ngokwezibalo zoMnyango Wezolimo wase-UK, ulethisi utshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-kWh angu-250 (ihora le-kilowatt) adingekayo ngemitha-skwele ngayinye yendawo yokutshala unyaka ngamunye.Ngokocwaningo oluhlangene olufanele lwe-German DLR Research Center, ipulazi elimile elilingana nendawo yokutshala elidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumangazayo okungu-3,500 kWh ngonyaka.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwamukelekayo kuyoba isihloko esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo samapulazi aqondile.

Ukwengeza, amapulazi amile nawo anezinkinga zoxhaso lwezimali.Uma ama-venture capitalists edonsa izandla, ibhizinisi lezohwebo lizophela.Isibonelo, i-Paignton Zoo e-Devon, e-UK, yasungulwa ngo-2009. Kwakungesinye seziqalo zokuqala zepulazi ezima mpo.Isebenzise uhlelo lwe-VertiCrop ukutshala imifino enamaqabunga.Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ngenxa yokunganeli kwezimali ezalandela, uhlelo nalo lwangena emlandweni.Inkampani eyalandela kwaba yi-Valcent, kamuva eyaba yi-Alterrus, futhi yaqala ukusungula indlela yokutshala ophahleni lwendlu ebamba ukushisa eCanada, eyagcina ngokuqothuka.