Umbhali: Zhang Chaoqin. Umthombo: DIGITIMES

Ukwanda okusheshayo kwabantu kanye nomkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuthaze futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko nokukhula kwemboni yamapulazi aqondile. Amapulazi aqondile abhekwa njengakwazi ukuxazulula ezinye zezinkinga zokukhiqizwa kokudla, kodwa noma ngabe kungaba yisisombululo esiqhubekayo sokukhiqizwa kokudla, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kusenezinselelo empeleni.

Ngokusho kwemibiko ye-Food Navigator kanye ne-The Guardian, kanye nocwaningo lwe-United Nations, inani labantu emhlabeni wonke lizokhula lisuka kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.3 liye kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.5 ngo-2030, kanye nabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.7 ngo-2050. I-FAO ilinganisela ukuthi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane futhi kondliwe inani labantu ngo-2050, ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuzokwanda ngo-70% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2007, kanti ngo-2050 ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu emhlabeni wonke kumele kukhuphuke kusuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.1 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3. Inyama idinga ukuphindwa kabili, ikhuphuke ifike kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-470.

Ukulungisa nokwengeza umhlaba owengeziwe wokukhiqiza kwezolimo kungase kungayixazululi inkinga kwamanye amazwe. I-UK isebenzise u-72% womhlaba wayo ekukhiqizeni kwezolimo, kodwa isadinga ukungenisa ukudla kwamanye amazwe. I-United Kingdom nayo izama ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokulima, njengokusebenzisa imigudu yokuhlasela emoyeni eshiywe yiMpi Yezwe II ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo ezifanayo eziluhlaza okotshani. Umqalisi uRichard Ballard uhlela nokwandisa uhla lokutshala ngo-2019.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nakho kuyisithiyo ekukhiqizweni kokudla. Ngokwezibalo ze-OECD, cishe u-70% wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ungowasemapulazini. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nakho kuyandisa izinkinga zokukhiqiza. Ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni kudinga futhi uhlelo lokukhiqiza ukudla ukuthi londle umphakathi wasemadolobheni okhula ngokushesha onezisebenzi ezimbalwa zasemakhaya, umhlaba olinganiselwe kanye nezinsiza zamanzi ezilinganiselwe. Lezi zinkinga ziqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi aqondile.
Izici zokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamapulazi aqondile zizoletha amathuba okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ukuthi kungene edolobheni, futhi kungasondela nabathengi basemadolobheni. Ibanga ukusuka epulazini kuya kumthengi liyancishiswa, okunciphisa lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, futhi abathengi basemadolobheni bazoba nesithakazelo esikhulu emithonjeni yokudla kanye nokufinyelela okulula ekukhiqizweni kokudla okunempilo okusha. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakungelula ngezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ukuthola ukudla okusha okunempilo. Amapulazi aqondile angakhiwa ngqo ekhishini noma egcekeni labo. Lona kuzoba umlayezo obaluleke kakhulu odluliselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulazi aqondile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukelwa kwemodeli yepulazi eliqondile kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu eketangeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezolimo lendabuko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yezolimo yendabuko efana nomanyolo wokwenziwa, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo sezinhlelo ze-HVAC kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula sizokhula ukuze kulondolozwe izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuphathwa kwesimo sezulu kanye namanzi emifuleni. Ukulima okuqondile ngokuvamile kusebenzisa izibani ze-LED ezikhethekile zokulingisa ukukhanya kwelanga kanye neminye imishini ukusetha ukwakheka kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle.

Ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yamapulazi aqondile kuhlanganisa “ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile” obushiwo ngenhla bokuqapha izimo zemvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namaminerali. Ubuchwepheshe be-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) buzodlala indima ebalulekile. Bungasetshenziswa ukuqopha idatha yokukhula kwezitshalo. Ukuvunwa kwezilimo kuzolandelelwa futhi kuqashwe ngamakhompyutha noma omakhalekhukhwini kwezinye izindawo.

Amapulazi aqondile angakhiqiza ukudla okuningi ngemithombo encane yomhlaba namanzi, futhi akude kakhulu nomanyolo wamakhemikhali oyingozi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, amashalofu ahlanganisiwe egumbini adinga amandla amaningi kunezolimo zendabuko. Ngisho noma kukhona amafasitela egumbini, ukukhanya okwenziwe ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ezivimbelayo. Uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu lunganikeza indawo yokukhula engcono kakhulu, kodwa futhi lusebenzisa amandla amaningi.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela kuMnyango Wezolimo wase-UK, i-lettuce itshalwa endaweni yokushisa, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kudingeka amandla angaba ngu-250 kWh (ihora le-kilowatt) ngemitha yesikwele yendawo yokutshala minyaka yonke. Ngokusho kocwaningo oluhambisanayo lwe-German DLR Research Center, ipulazi eliqondile elinendawo yokutshala enobukhulu obufanayo lidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumangalisayo okungu-3,500 kWh ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwamukelekayo kuyoba yisihloko esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo kwamapulazi aqondile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulazi aqondile nawo anezinkinga zokuxhaswa ngezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali. Uma osomabhizinisi abazimele besebenzisana, amabhizinisi ezohwebo azophela. Isibonelo, iPaignton Zoo eDevon, e-UK, yasungulwa ngo-2009. Yayingenye yezinkampani zokuqala eziqondile zamapulazi. Yasebenzisa uhlelo lweVertiCrop ukutshala imifino enamaqabunga. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ngenxa yokunganeli kwemali eyalandela, uhlelo nalo lwangena emlandweni. Inkampani elandelayo kwakunguValcent, kamuva eyaba yi-Alterrus, futhi yaqala ukusungula indlela yokutshala i-greenhouse ophahleni eCanada, okwagcina sekuphelile.