Umbono: Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuhlola okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje bezolimo, imboni yefekthri yezitshalo nayo ithuthuke ngokushesha. Leli phepha lethula isimo esikhona manje, izinkinga ezikhona kanye nezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe befekthri yezitshalo nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, futhi libheke ngabomvu inkambiso yentuthuko kanye nethemba lezimboni zezitshalo esikhathini esizayo.

1. Isimo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ezimbonini zezitshalo eShayina nakwamanye amazwe

1.1 Isimo esikhona sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bangaphandle

Kusukela ngekhulu lama-21, ucwaningo lwamafekthri ezitshalo lugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya, ukwakhiwa kwemishini yesistimu yokulima enezingxenye ezintathu-ehlukene, kanye nokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kokuphatha nokulawula okuhlakaniphile. Ekhulwini lama-21, ukusungulwa okusha kwemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED yezolimo sekwenze inqubekelaphambili, ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo olubalulekile lobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yokukhanya yokonga amandla e-LED ezimbonini zezitshalo. IYunivesithi yaseChiba eJapan yenze izinto eziningi ezintsha emithonjeni yokukhanya esebenza kahle kakhulu, ukulawulwa kwemvelo okonga amandla, nezindlela zokulima. I-Wageningen University e-Netherlands isebenzisa ukulingisa kwezitshalo-imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ashukumisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lwemishini ehlakaniphile yamafekthri ezitshalo, olunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza futhi luthuthukise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezabasebenzi.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimboni zezitshalo ziye zaqaphela kancane kancane i-semi-automation yezinqubo zokukhiqiza kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni, ukukhuphula izithombo, ukutshala kabusha, nokuvuna. I-Japan, i-Netherlands, ne-United States yizona ezihamba phambili, ngezinga eliphezulu lemishini, ezishintshayo, nobuhlakani, futhi zithuthuka ngendlela yezolimo eqondile nokusebenza okungenamuntu.

1.2 Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe eShayina

1.2.1 I-Specializd Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED kanye nemishini yobuchwepheshe yokusetshenziswa okonga amandla yokukhanya okwenziwe embonini yezitshalo

Imithombo ekhethekile yokukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yokukhiqiza izinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini zezitshalo iye yathuthukiswa ngokulandelana. Amandla asukela ku-30 ​​kuye ku-300 W, futhi amandla okukhanya kwemisebe angama-80 kuya ku-500 μmol/(m2•s), anganikeza ukukhanya okunamandla okunomkhawulo ofanele, amapharamitha wekhwalithi yokukhanya, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokusebenza kahle kakhulu. ukonga amandla nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo nokukhanyisa. Mayelana nokulawulwa kokukhishwa kokushisa komthombo wokukhanya, idizayini esebenzayo yokulahla ukushisa yesiphephethasi somthombo wokukhanya yethuliwe, enciphisa izinga lokubola kokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya futhi iqinisekise ukuphila komthombo wokukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlongozwa indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa komthombo wokukhanya we-LED ngokusebenzisa isixazululo sezakhi noma ukujikeleza kwamanzi. Ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa kwesikhala somthombo wokukhanya, ngokomthetho wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kosayizi wezitshalo esigabeni sezithombo kanye nesigaba sakamuva, ngokuphathwa kokunyakaza kwendawo eqondile yomthombo wokukhanya we-LED, i-canopy yesitshalo ingakhanyiswa kude futhi umgomo wokonga amandla okuzuziwe. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komthombo wokukhanya wefekthri yezibani zokwenziwa kungabalelwa ku-50% kuya ku-60% wesamba esiphelele sokusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwefekthri yezitshalo. Nakuba i-LED ingonga amandla angu-50% uma iqhathaniswa namalambu e-fluorescent, kusekhona amandla nesidingo socwaningo lokonga amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa.

1.2.2 Ubuchwepheshe bokulima obunezingxenye ezintathu ezihlukene kanye nemishini

Igebe lesendlalelo sokutshalwa kwe-multi-layer three-dimensional liyancishiswa ngenxa yokuthi i-LED ithatha indawo yesibani se-fluorescent, esithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu sokutshalwa kwesitshalo. Kukhona izifundo eziningi mayelana nokuklama phansi kombhede wokulima. Imithende ephakanyisiwe iklanyelwe ukukhiqiza ukugeleza okuyaluzayo, okungasiza izimpande zezitshalo ukuba zimunce imisoco esixazululweni sezakhi ngokulinganayo futhi andise ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa ibhodi lamakholoni, kunezindlela ezimbili zekoloni, okungukuthi, izinkomishi zepulasitiki zekoloni ezinosayizi abahlukene noma imodi yekoloni yesipontshi. Sekuvele uhlelo lombhede wokulima oshelelayo, futhi ibhodi lokutshala nezitshalo ezikulo zingaphushwa ngesandla ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuye komunye, kuqaphela indlela yokukhiqiza yokutshala ekugcineni kombhede wokulima nokuvuna ngakolunye uhlangothi. Njengamanje, sekuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuyizingxenye ezintathu-ntathu nemishini esekelwe kubuchwepheshe befilimu obuwuketshezi olunomsoco kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugeleza koketshezi olujulile, kanye nobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokutshala ama-strawberries angaphansi, ukutshalwa kwe-aerosol kwemifino nezimbali ezinamaqabunga. ziqhamuke. Ubuchwepheshe okukhulunywa ngabo buthuthuke ngokushesha.

1.2.3 Ubuchwepheshe bokujikeleza kwezixazululo zomsoco kanye nemishini

Ngemuva kokuthi isisombululo somsoco sisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izakhi zamanzi namaminerali. Ngokuvamile, inani lesisombululo sezakhi ezisanda kulungiswa kanye nenani lesisombululo se-acid-base sinqunywa ngokukala i-EC ne-pH. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zenhlabathi noma ukucwiliswa kwezimpande kusixazululo sezakhi zidinga ukususwa ngesisefo. Ama-root exudates esixazululweni sezakhi angasuswa ngezindlela ze-photocatalytic ukugwema izithiyo eziqhubekayo zokutshala kuma-hydroponics, kodwa kunezingozi ezithile ekutholakaleni kwezakhi.

1.2.4 Ubuchwepheshe bokulawulwa kwemvelo kanye nemishini

Ukuhlanzeka komoya kwendawo yokukhiqiza kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zekhwalithi yomoya yefekthri yezitshalo. Ukuhlanzeka komoya (izinkomba zezinhlayiya ezimisiwe kanye namagciwane ahlalisiwe) endaweni yokukhiqiza yefekthri yezitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo eziguquguqukayo kufanele kulawulwe ezingeni elingaphezu kuka-100,000. Okokufaka kokubulala amagciwane, ukwelashwa kweshawa yomoya yezisebenzi ezingenayo, kanye nesistimu yokuhlanza umoya ojikelezayo womoya omusha (uhlelo lokuhlunga komoya) konke kuyizivikelo eziyisisekelo. Izinga lokushisa nomswakama, ukugxila kwe-CO2 kanye nesivinini sokugeleza komoya endaweni yokukhiqiza okunye okuqukethwe okubalulekile kokulawula izinga lomoya. Ngokusho kwemibiko, ukusetha imishini efana namabhokisi okuxuba umoya, imigudu yomoya, izintuba zomoya kanye nezitolo zomoya kungalawula ngokulinganayo izinga lokushisa nomswakama, ukugxila kwe-CO2 kanye nesivinini sokugeleza komoya endaweni yokukhiqiza, ukuze kuzuzwe ukufana okuphezulu kwendawo nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezitshalo. ezindaweni ezahlukene. Izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nesistimu yokulawula ukugxila kwe-CO2 kanye nesistimu yomoya omusha kuhlanganiswe ngokuphilayo ohlelweni lomoya ojikelezayo. Amasistimu amathathu adinga ukwabelana ngepayipi lomoya, indawo yokungena komoya kanye ne-air outlet, futhi anikeze amandla ngefeni ukuze abone ukujikeleza kokugeleza komoya, ukuhlunga nokubulala amagciwane, kanye nokuvuselela kanye nokufana kwekhwalithi yomoya. Iqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo efekthri yezitshalo akunazo izinambuzane nezifo, futhi akukho kufakwa kwesibulala-zinambuzane okudingekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufana kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukugeleza komoya kanye nokugxila kwe-CO2 kwezakhi zemvelo yokukhula ku-canopy kuqinisekisiwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo.

2. Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezimboni

2.1 Isimo esikhona semboni yezitshalo zangaphandle

E-Japan, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nezimboni zezimboni zezitshalo zokukhanya zokwenziwa ziyashesha uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi zisezingeni elihamba phambili. Ngo-2010, uhulumeni waseJapane wethula ama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 ukuze asekele ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko kanye nokuboniswa kwezimboni. Izikhungo eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlanganisa iChiba University kanye neJapan Plant Factory Research Association zibambe iqhaza. I-Japan Future Company yaqala futhi yaqhuba iphrojekthi yokuqala yokubonisa imboni yefekthri ekhiqiza izitshalo eziyizi-3,000 nsuku zonke. Ngo-2012, izindleko zokukhiqiza zefekthri yezitshalo zazingamayen angu-700/kg. Ngo-2014, ifekthri yesimanje yefekthri e-Taga Castle, e-Miyagi Prefecture yaqedwa, yaba yifekthri yokuqala yezitshalo ze-LED emhlabeni ekhiqiza izitshalo eziyi-10,000 nsuku zonke. Kusukela ngo-2016, izimboni zezitshalo ze-LED zingene emzileni osheshayo wezimboni eJapan, futhi amabhizinisi ahlukene noma anenzuzo avele ngokulandelana. Ngo-2018, izimboni ezinkulu zezitshalo ezinamandla okukhiqiza izitshalo ezingama-50,000 kuye kweziyi-100,000 zavela ngokulandelana, futhi izimboni zezitshalo zomhlaba wonke zazithuthukela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu, kochwepheshe kanye nobuhlakani. Ngaso leso sikhathi, iTokyo Electric Power, i-Okinawa Electric Power nezinye izinkambu zaqala ukutshala imali ezimbonini zezitshalo. Ngo-2020, isabelo semakethe sikalethisi okhiqizwe izimboni zezitshalo zaseJapan sizobalelwa cishe u-10% wayo yonke imakethe kalethisi. Phakathi kwezimboni ezingaphezu kuka-250 zezitshalo zokwenziwa ezikhanyayo ezisebenzayo njengamanje, u-20% usesigabeni sokwenza ukulahlekelwa, u-50% useqophelweni eliphezulu, kanti u-30% usesigabeni senzuzo, ohlanganisa izitshalo ezitshalwayo njenge ulethisi, amakhambi, nezithombo.

I-Netherlands ingumholi wezwe wangempela emkhakheni wokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bokukhanya kwelanga nokukhanya okufakelwayo kwefektri yezitshalo, enezinga eliphakeme lemishini, i-automation, intelligence kanye nokungabi namuntu, futhi manje isithumele isethi egcwele yobuchwepheshe nemishini njengoba kunamandla. imikhiqizo eya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, Afrika, China nakwamanye amazwe. Ipulazi le-American AeroFarms litholakala eNewark, eNew Jersey, eU.SA, nendawo eyi-6500 m2. Itshala ikakhulukazi imifino nezinongo, futhi umphumela ungama-900 t / ngonyaka.

Ukulima okuqondile e-AeroFarms

Ifekthri yezitshalo zokulima eqondile ye-Plenty Company e-United States yamukela ukukhanya kwe-LED kanye nohlaka lokutshala oluqondile olunobude obungu-6 m. Izitshalo zikhula zisuka ezinhlangothini zabatshali. Ngokuthembela ekuniseleni amandla adonsela phansi, le ndlela yokutshala ayidingi amaphampu engeziwe futhi inamandla okusebenzisa amanzi kunokulima okuvamile. Iningi lithi ipulazi lakhe likhiqiza izikhathi ezingama-350 kunomkhiqizo wepulazi elivamile kuyilapho lisebenzisa u-1% wamanzi kuphela.

Imboni yezitshalo zokulima, iPlenty Company

2.2 Imboni yemboni yezitshalo ezisezingeni eShayina

Ngo-2009, ifektri yokuqala yokukhiqiza e-China enokulawula okuhlakaniphile njengoba ingqikithi yakhiwa futhi yaqala ukusebenza e-Changchun Agricultural Expo Park. Indawo yokwakha ingu-200 m2, futhi izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, i-CO2 kanye nokugxilwa kwesisombululo sezakhi zefektri yezitshalo kungagadwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kutholakale ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile.

Ngo-2010, i-Tongzhou Plant Factory yakhiwa eBeijing. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko samukela uhlaka olulodwa lwensimbi yokukhanya enendawo yonke yokwakha engu-1289 m2. Imise okwendiza ethwala izindiza, ifanekisela ezolimo zaseShayina eziholayo ekuhambiseni umkhumbi ukuya kubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu bezolimo besimanje. Umshini ozenzakalelayo wemisebenzi ethile yokukhiqiza imifino enamahlamvu usuthuthukisiwe, okwenze ngcono izinga lokukhiqiza le-automation kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwemboni yezitshalo. Imboni yezitshalo yamukela uhlelo lwephampu yokushisa yomthombo ophansi kanye nesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla elanga, okuxazulula kangcono inkinga yezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu zefektri yezitshalo.

Ukubuka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Tongzhou Plant Factory

Ngo-2013, kwasungulwa izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe bezolimo eYangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, esifundazweni saseShaanxi. Iningi lamaphrojekthi efekthri yezitshalo asakhiwayo futhi asetshenziswayo atholakala ezindaweni zokubonisa ezolimo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ezisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imibukiso yesayensi edumile kanye nokubuka izindawo zokungcebeleka. Ngenxa yemikhawulo yazo yokusebenza, kunzima kulezi zimboni zezitshalo zesayensi ezidumile ukuzuza isivuno esiphezulu nokusebenza kahle okudingwa yizimboni, futhi kuzoba nzima kuzo ukuba zibe uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezimboni esikhathini esizayo.

Ngo-2015, umkhiqizi omkhulu we-chip we-LED e-China wabambisana ne-Institute of Botany ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences ukuze baqalise ngokuhlanganyela ukusungulwa kwenkampani yefekthri yezitshalo. Isukile embonini ye-optoelectronic yaya embonini “ye-photobiological”, futhi isiyisibonelo kubakhiqizi be-LED baseShayina ukuthi batshale imali ekwakhiweni kwezimboni zezitshalo kwezezimboni. I-Plant Factory yayo izibophezele ekwenzeni utshalomali lwezimboni ku-photobiology esafufusa, ehlanganisa ucwaningo lwesayensi, ukukhiqiza, ukukhombisa, ukufukamela kanye neminye imisebenzi, nenhloko-dolobha ebhalisiwe ye-yuan eyizigidi eziyi-100. NgoJuni 2016, le Factory Yezitshalo enesakhiwo esiyizitezi ezi-3 esihlanganisa indawo engu-3,000 m2 kanye nendawo yokulima engaphezu kuka-10,000 m2 yaqedwa futhi yaqala ukusebenza. NgoMeyi 2017, isikali sokukhiqiza nsuku zonke sizoba ngu-1,500 kg wemifino enamahlamvu, okulingana nezitshalo ze-lettuce ezingu-15,000 ngosuku.

Imibono yale nkampani

3. Izinkinga kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezitshalo

3.1 Izinkinga

3.1.1 Izindleko zokwakha eziphezulu

Izimboni zezitshalo zidinga ukukhiqiza izitshalo endaweni evaliwe. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwakha amaphrojekthi asekelayo kanye nemishini ehlanganisa izakhiwo zokulungisa zangaphandle, izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa, izinhlelo zokutshala ezendlalelo eziningi, ukujikeleza kwezixazululo zezakhi, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula amakhompyutha. Izindleko zokwakha ziphakeme kakhulu.

3.1.2 Izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu

Iningi lemithombo yokukhanya edingwa amafekthri ezitshalo livela kumalambu e-LED, adla ugesi omningi kuyilapho ehlinzeka ngama-spectrum ahambisanayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ezahlukene. Imishini efana ne-air conditioning, umoya omncane, namaphampu amanzi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza izimboni zezitshalo nawo adla ugesi, ngakho izikweletu zikagesi ziyizindleko ezinkulu. Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kwezindleko zokukhiqiza amafekthri ezitshalo, izindleko zikagesi zibalelwa ku-29%, izindleko zabasebenzi zibalelwa ku-26%, ukwehla kwenani lempahla engashintshi kubalelwa ku-23%, i-akhawunti yokupakisha nezokuthutha i-12%, kanti izinto zokukhiqiza zenza u-10%.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza zefekthri yezitshalo

3.1.3 Izinga eliphansi lokuzenzela

Imboni yezitshalo esetshenziswayo njengamanje inezinga eliphansi lokuzishintshanisa, futhi izinqubo ezifana nokutshala, ukutshala kabusha, ukutshala ensimini, nokuvuna zisadinga ukusebenza ngezandla, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokusebenza.

3.1.4 Izinhlobo ezilinganiselwe zezitshalo ezingatshalwa

Njengamanje, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele izimboni zezitshalo zilinganiselwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi imifino enamahlamvu aluhlaza ekhula ngokushesha, eyamukela kalula imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa, futhi ibe ne-canopy ephansi. Ukutshala okukhulu ngeke kuqhutshwe ngezidingo zokutshala eziyinkimbinkimbi (njengezitshalo ezidinga ukuthelwa impova, njll.).

3.2 Isu Lentuthuko

Ngenxa yezinkinga ezibhekene nemboni yemboni yezitshalo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo oluvela emikhakheni eyahlukene njengobuchwepheshe nokusebenza. Ukusabela ezinkingeni zamanje, izindlela zokulwa zimi kanje.

(1) Ukuqinisa ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile bezimboni zezitshalo futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuphatha okujulile nokucolisisiwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuphatha nokulawula okuhlakaniphile kusiza ukuzuza ukuphathwa okujulile nokucwengisiswe kwezimboni zezitshalo, okunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zabasebenzi futhi konge abasebenzi.

(2) Thuthukisa izinto zobuchwepheshe zefekthri yezitshalo ezinamandla nezisebenza kahle ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu lonyaka kanye nesivuno esiphezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokulima ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemishini, ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa ukonga amandla kanye nemishini, njll., ukuthuthukisa izinga elihlakaniphile lamafekthri ezitshalo, kulungele ukufezeka kokukhiqizwa konyaka okuphezulu okusebenzayo.

(3) Ukwenza ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokutshalwa kwezimboni zezitshalo ezinenani eliphakeme njengezitshalo zokwelapha, izitshalo zezempilo, nemifino eyivelakancane, kwandiswe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwa ezimbonini zezitshalo, kwandiswe imigudu yokwenza inzuzo, futhi kuthuthukiswe indawo yokuqala yokwenza inzuzo. .

(4) Yenza ucwaningo ngezimboni zezitshalo ukuze zisetshenziswe ekhaya nakwezentengiselwano, inothise izinhlobo zezimboni zezitshalo, futhi izuze inzuzo eqhubekayo ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

4. Ithrendi Yentuthuko kanye Nethemba Lemboni Yezitshalo

4.1 Indlela Yokuthuthukisa Ubuchwepheshe

4.1.1 Ubuhlakani obugcwele

Ngokusekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kobuciko bomshini kanye nendlela yokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa yesistimu yerobhothi yezitshalo, isivinini esikhulu esiguquguqukayo nesingabhubhisi imiphumela yokugcina yokuvuna, isabalalisa indawo enezinhlangothi eziningi ngokunemba kanye nezindlela zokulawula zokuhlanganyela zemishini eminingi enezimo eziningi, kanye nokuhlwanyela okungenamuntu, okuphumelelayo nokungonakalisi emafekthri ezitshalo eziphakeme -Amarobhothi ahlakaniphile kanye nemishini esekelayo efana nokutshala-ukuvuna-ukupakisha kufanele kudalwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqaphele ukusebenza okungenamuntu kwenqubo yonke.

4.1.2 Yenza ukulawula ukukhiqiza kuhlakaniphe

Ngokusekelwe endleleni yokusabela yokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo emisebeni ekhanyayo, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukugxiliswa kwe-CO2, ukugxiliswa kwezakhi zesisombululo sezakhi, kanye ne-EC, imodeli yobuningi yempendulo yezitshalo-imvelo kufanele yakhiwe. Kufanele kusungulwe imodeli ewumgogodla wamasu ukuze kuhlaziywe ngokuguqukayo ulwazi lwempilo yemifino enamaqabunga kanye nemingcele yendawo yokukhiqiza. Kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo lokuhlonza oluguqukayo oluku-inthanethi kanye nohlelo lokulawula inqubo yendawo ezungezile. Isistimu yokuthatha izinqumo yobuhlakani bokwenziwa enemishini eminingi yayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yefekthri yezolimo enevolumu ephezulu eqondile kufanele idalwe.

4.1.3 Ukukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni ephansi nokonga amandla

Ukusungula uhlelo lokuphatha amandla olusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya ukuze kuqedelwe ukudluliswa kwamandla nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zokuphatha amandla ezifanele. Ukuthwebula nokusebenzisa kabusha ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ukusiza ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo.

4.1.3 Inani eliphakeme lezinhlobo zeprimiyamu

Amasu angenzeka kufanele athathwe ukuze kufuywe izinhlobo ezahlukene zenani eliphakeme zokuhlolwa kokutshala, kwakhiwe inqolobane yochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bokulima, kwenziwe ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokulima, ukukhetha ukuminyana, ukuhlela izinhlanga, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuvumelana nezisetshenziswa, futhi kwakhiwe imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yokutshala.

4.2 Amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwemboni

Izimboni zezitshalo zingasusa izingqinamba zezinsiza kanye nemvelo, zibone ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuthuthukisiwe, futhi zihehe isizukulwane esisha sabasebenzi ukuba sihlanganyele ekukhiqizeni kwezolimo. Ukuqanjwa kabusha okubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimboni zezimboni zezitshalo zaseChina kuba umholi womhlaba. Ngokusetshenziswa okusheshisiwe komthombo wokukhanya we-LED, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ezishintshayo, nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile emkhakheni wezimboni zezitshalo, izimboni zezitshalo zizoheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ukuqoqwa kwamathalente, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nemishini emisha. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nezinsiza kanye nemishini kungafezeka, izinga elihlakaniphile nelingenamuntu lezakhiwo kanye nemishini lingathuthukiswa, ukuncishiswa okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kwamandla esistimu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ngokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo, kanye nokwehla kancane kancane ukutshala izimakethe ezikhethekile, izimboni zezitshalo ezihlakaniphile zizongenisa isikhathi esihle sokuthuthuka.

Ngokwemibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, usayizi wemakethe yokulima emile emhlabeni wonke ngo-2020 ungamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.9 kuphela, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2025, usayizi wemakethe yokulima ome mpo emhlabeni wonke ufinyelele ku-US$30 billion. Kafushane, izimboni zezitshalo zinamathemba abanzi okusebenza kanye nendawo yokuthuthuka.

Umbhali: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, njll

Ulwazi lwengcaphuno:Isimo Samanje Namathemba Okuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezimboni [J]. I-Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.nguZengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, et al.