Isifinyezo: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezolimo besimanje, imboni yezimboni zezitshalo nayo ithuthuke ngokushesha. Leli phepha lethula isimo esikhona njengamanje, izinkinga ezikhona kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bezimboni zezitshalo kanye nentuthuko yezimboni, futhi libheke phambili ekuthambekeni kwentuthuko kanye nethuba lezimboni zezitshalo esikhathini esizayo.

1. Isimo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe emafektri ezitshalo eShayina nakwamanye amazwe

1.1 Isimo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bangaphandle

Kusukela ngekhulu lama-21, ucwaningo lwezimboni zezitshalo lugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya, ekudalweni kwemishini yohlelo lokulima enezingqimba ezintathu, kanye nocwaningo nentuthuko yokuphathwa nokulawula okuhlakaniphile. Ngekhulu lama-21, ukusungulwa kwemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED yezolimo kuye kwathuthuka, kwanikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yokukhanya yokonga amandla ye-LED emafektri ezitshalo. I-Chiba University eJapane yenze izinto ezintsha eziningana emithonjeni yokukhanya esebenza kahle kakhulu, ukulawulwa kwemvelo okonga amandla, kanye namasu okulima. I-Wageningen University eNetherlands isebenzisa ukulingisa imvelo yezitshalo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza ngcono amandla ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwemishini oluhlakaniphile lwezimboni zezitshalo, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu umkhiqizo wabasebenzi.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimboni zezitshalo ziye zaqaphela kancane kancane ukwenziwa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni, ekukhuliseni izithombo, ekutshaleni izitshalo, nasekuvuneni. IJapane, iNetherlands, kanye ne-United States zihamba phambili, zinezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwemishini, ukuzenzekela, kanye nobuhlakani, futhi ziyathuthuka ziye ezolimo eziqondile kanye nokusebenza ngaphandle kwabasebenzi.

1.2 Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe eShayina

1.2.1 Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED okhethekile kanye nemishini yobuchwepheshe besicelo yokonga amandla yokukhanya okwenziwe efektri yezitshalo

Imithombo ekhethekile yokukhanya kwe-LED ebomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo emafektri ezitshalo iye yathuthukiswa ngokulandelana. Amandla asukela ku-30 ​​kuya ku-300 W, kanti amandla okukhanya okukhanyiswa yi-radiation angama-80 kuya ku-500 μmol/(m2•s), anganikeza amandla okukhanya ngebanga elifanele lomkhawulo, imingcele yekhwalithi yokukhanya, ukufeza umphumela wokonga amandla okusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo nokukhanya. Ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa kokushisa komthombo wokukhanya, umklamo wokushisa osebenzayo wefeni yomthombo wokukhanya uye wethulwa, okunciphisa izinga lokubola kokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya futhi kuqinisekisa impilo yomthombo wokukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphakanyiswa indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa komthombo wokukhanya we-LED ngesisombululo sezakhamzimba noma ukujikeleza kwamanzi. Ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa kwesikhala somthombo wokukhanya, ngokomthetho wokuvela kobukhulu besitshalo esigabeni sokutshala kanye nesigaba sakamuva, ngokuphathwa kokunyakaza kwesikhala okuqondile komthombo wokukhanya we-LED, i-canopy yesitshalo ingakhanyiswa eduze futhi umgomo wokonga amandla uyafezwa. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komthombo wokukhanya wefektri yezitshalo zokukhanya okwenziwe kungabalwa u-50% kuya ku-60% wamandla aphelele okusetshenziswa kwefektri yezitshalo. Nakuba i-LED ingonga amandla angu-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani ze-fluorescent, kusekhona amandla nesidingo socwaningo ngokonga amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo.

1.2.2 Ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokulima enezingqimba eziningi ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu

Igebe lezingqimba zokulima okunezingqimba ezintathu liyancipha ngoba i-LED ithatha indawo yesibani se-fluorescent, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala esinezingqimba ezintathu zokulima izitshalo. Kunezifundo eziningi mayelana nokwakhiwa kwephansi lombhede wokulima. Imivimbo ephakanyisiwe yenzelwe ukukhiqiza ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo, okungasiza izimpande zezitshalo ukuthi zimunce izakhamzimba ngokulinganayo esixazululweni sezakhamzimba futhi kwandise ukugcwala komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe. Kusetshenziswa ibhodi lokulima, kunezindlela ezimbili zokulima, okungukuthi, izinkomishi zepulasitiki zokulima ezinobukhulu obuhlukene noma imodi yokulima ejikelezayo yesiponji. Kuvele uhlelo lombhede wokulima olushelelayo, futhi ibhodi lokutshala nezitshalo ezikulo zingasunduzwa ngesandla kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, kuqashelwe indlela yokukhiqiza yokutshala kolunye uhlangothi lombhede wokulima kanye nokuvuna kolunye uhlangothi. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokulima inhlabathi obunezingqimba ezintathu kanye nemishini esekelwe kubuchwepheshe befilimu yoketshezi lwezakhamzimba kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugeleza koketshezi olujulile, futhi ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokutshala ama-strawberry, ukutshala imifino enamaqabunga nezimbali nge-aerosol sekuvele. Ubuchwepheshe okukhulunywe ngabo buthuthuke ngokushesha.

1.2.3 Ubuchwepheshe bokujikeleza kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba kanye nemishini

Ngemva kokuba ikhambi lezakhamzimba selisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, kuyadingeka ukwengeza amanzi kanye nezakhi zamaminerali. Ngokuvamile, inani lekhambi lezakhamzimba elisanda kulungiswa kanye nenani lekhambi le-acid-base kunqunywa ngokulinganisa i-EC kanye ne-pH. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-sediment noma i-root exfoliation esixazululweni sezakhamzimba zidinga ukususwa ngesihlungi. Ama-exudates ezimpande esixazululweni sezakhamzimba angasuswa ngezindlela ze-photocatalytic ukuze kugwenywe izithiyo eziqhubekayo zokusikwa kuma-hydroponics, kodwa kunezingozi ezithile ekutholakaleni kwezakhamzimba.

1.2.4 Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula imvelo kanye nemishini

Ukuhlanzeka komoya endaweni yokukhiqiza kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zekhwalithi yomoya efektri yesitshalo. Ukuhlanzeka komoya (izinkomba zezinhlayiya ezilengisiwe namabhaktheriya azinzile) endaweni yokukhiqiza efektri yesitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo eziguquguqukayo kufanele kulawulwe kuze kube sezingeni elingaphezu kuka-100,000. Ukufakwa kokubulala amagciwane ezintweni, ukwelashwa kweshawa yomoya engenayo yabasebenzi, kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza umoya ojikelezayo (uhlelo lokuhlunga umoya) konke kuyizivikelo eziyisisekelo. Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, ukuhlushwa kwe-CO2 kanye nesivinini sokuhamba komoya komoya endaweni yokukhiqiza kungenye into ebalulekile yokulawula ikhwalithi yomoya. Ngokusho kwemibiko, ukusetha imishini efana namabhokisi okuxuba umoya, amapayipi omoya, ama-inlets omoya kanye nezindawo zokungenisa umoya kungalawula ngokulinganayo izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, ukuhlushwa kwe-CO2 kanye nesivinini sokuhamba komoya endaweni yokukhiqiza, ukuze kufezwe ukufana okuphezulu kwendawo futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesitshalo ezindaweni ezahlukene zendawo. Uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-CO2 kanye nohlelo lomoya ohlanzekile kuhlanganiswe ngokwemvelo ohlelweni lomoya olujikelezayo. Lezi zinhlelo ezintathu zidinga ukwabelana ngombhobho womoya, indawo yokungena komoya kanye nendawo yokukhipha umoya, futhi zinikeze amandla ngefeni ukuze kutholakale ukugeleza komoya, ukuhlunga kanye nokubulala amagciwane, kanye nokuvuselela kanye nokufana kwekhwalithi yomoya. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo efektri yezitshalo akunazo izinambuzane nezifo, futhi akukho ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okudingekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufana kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukuhamba komoya kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-CO2 kwezinto ezikhula endaweni yokukhula kuqinisekisiwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo.

2. Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezimboni Zezitshalo

2.1 Isimo samanje semboni yezimboni zakwamanye amazwe

EJapane, ucwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezimboni zezitshalo zokukhanya okwenziwe kuyashesha kakhulu, futhi kusezingeni eliphambili. Ngo-2010, uhulumeni waseJapan wethule ama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 ukusekela ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezimboni. Izikhungo eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlanganisa i-Chiba University kanye ne-Japan Plant Factory Research Association zahlanganyela. I-Japan Future Company yaqala futhi yaqhuba iphrojekthi yokuqala yokuboniswa kwezimboni zefektri yezitshalo ekhiqiza izitshalo ezingu-3,000 nsuku zonke. Ngo-2012, izindleko zokukhiqiza zefektri yezitshalo zazingama-yen angu-700/kg. Ngo-2014, ifektri yesimanje yezitshalo zezimboni eTaga Castle, eMiyagi Prefecture yaqedwa, yaba ifektri yokuqala yezitshalo ze-LED emhlabeni ekhiqiza izitshalo ezingu-10,000 nsuku zonke. Kusukela ngo-2016, izimboni zezitshalo ze-LED zingene endleleni esheshayo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni eJapane, futhi amabhizinisi aphumelelayo noma anenzuzo avele ngokulandelana. Ngo-2018, izimboni ezinkulu zezitshalo ezinomthamo wokukhiqiza nsuku zonke wezitshalo ezingu-50,000 kuya ku-100,000 zavela ngokulandelana, kanti izimboni zezitshalo zomhlaba wonke zazithuthukela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu, kobungcweti nokuhlakaniphile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iTokyo Electric Power, i-Okinawa Electric Power kanye neminye imikhakha yaqala ukutshala imali ezimbonini zezitshalo. Ngo-2020, isabelo semakethe se-lettuce esikhiqizwa yizimboni zezitshalo zaseJapan sizobalelwa cishe ku-10% wemakethe yonke ye-lettuce. Phakathi kwezimboni zezitshalo zohlobo lokukhanya okwenziwe ezingaphezu kuka-250 ezisebenza njengamanje, ama-20% asesigabeni sokwenza ukulahlekelwa, ama-50% asesigabeni sokulinganisa, kanti ama-30% asesigabeni senzuzo, okubandakanya izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe njenge-lettuce, amakhambi, kanye nezithombo.

INetherlands ingumholi wangempela emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kokukhanya kwelanga kanye nokukhanya okwenziwe efektri yezitshalo, ngezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa imishini, ukuzenzakalela, ubuhlakani kanye nokungabi namuntu, futhi manje isithumele isethi ephelele yobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini njengemikhiqizo eqinile eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika, eShayina nakwamanye amazwe. Ipulazi laseMelika i-AeroFarms litholakala eNewark, eNew Jersey, e-USA, elinendawo engama-6500 m2. Litshala kakhulu imifino nezinongo, futhi umkhiqizo ungama-900 t/ngonyaka.

Ukulima okuqondile e-AeroFarms

Ifektri yezitshalo zokulima eziqondile yePlenty Company e-United States isebenzisa izibani ze-LED kanye nohlaka lokutshala oluqondile olunokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-6. Izitshalo zikhula ezinhlangothini zezitshali. Ithembele ekuniseleni ngamandla adonsela phansi, le ndlela yokutshala ayidingi amaphampu engeziwe futhi igcina amanzi kahle kunokulima okuvamile. UPlenty uthi ipulazi lakhe likhiqiza umkhiqizo ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-350 kunepulazi elivamile kuyilapho lisebenzisa u-1% wamanzi kuphela.

Ifektri yezitshalo zokulima eziqondile, Inkampani iPlenty

2.2 Isimo semboni yefektri yezitshalo eShayina

Ngo-2009, kwakhiwa futhi kwaqala ukusebenza imboni yokuqala yezitshalo eShayina enokulawula okuhlakaniphile njengenhloko eChangchun Agricultural Expo Park. Indawo yokwakha ingu-200 m2, futhi izici zemvelo ezifana nokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, i-CO2 kanye nokuhlushwa kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba efektri yezitshalo kungaqashwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kufezwe ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile.

Ngo-2010, iTongzhou Plant Factory yakha eBeijing. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko samukela isakhiwo sensimbi esikhanyayo esinesendlalelo esisodwa esinendawo yokwakha engu-1289 m2. Sime njengenkampani yokuthwala izindiza, okufanekisela ezolimo zaseShayina eziholayo ekuqaliseni ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu bezolimo zanamuhla. Imishini ezenzakalelayo yemisebenzi ethile yokukhiqiza imifino enamaqabunga iye yathuthukiswa, okuthuthukise izinga lokuzenzakalela kokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwefektri yesitshalo. Ifektri yesitshalo yamukela uhlelo lwepompo yokushisa yomthombo womhlaba kanye nohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga, oluxazulula kangcono inkinga yezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu zefektri yesitshalo.

Umbono wangaphakathi nangaphandle weTongzhou Plant Factory

Ngo-2013, izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe bezolimo zasungulwa eYangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, eSifundazweni saseShaanxi. Iningi lamaphrojekthi efektri yezitshalo akhiwayo futhi asebenza atholakala emapaki okubonisa ezolimo abuchwepheshe obuphezulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu emibonisweni yesayensi ethandwayo kanye nokubuka izindawo zokungcebeleka. Ngenxa yemikhawulo yokusebenza kwawo, kunzima ngala mafektri ezitshalo zesayensi athandwayo ukufeza isivuno esiphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, futhi kuzoba nzima ngawo ukuba abe uhlobo olujwayelekile lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni esikhathini esizayo.

Ngo-2015, umkhiqizi omkhulu we-LED chip eShayina wabambisana ne-Institute of Botany ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences ukuze baqale ngokubambisana ukusungulwa kwenkampani yefektri yezitshalo. Isuke embonini ye-optoelectronic yaya embonini "ye-photobiological", futhi isibe yisibonelo kubakhiqizi be-LED baseShayina sokutshala imali ekwakhiweni kwezimboni zezitshalo ekwakhiweni kwezimboni. I-Plant Factory yayo izibophezele ekwenzeni utshalomali lwezimboni ku-photobiology ekhulayo, ehlanganisa ucwaningo lwesayensi, ukukhiqiza, ukubonisa, ukufukula neminye imisebenzi, ngenhloko-dolobha ebhalisiwe ye-yuan eyizigidi eziyi-100. NgoJuni 2016, le Plant Factory enesakhiwo esinezitezi ezi-3 esimboza indawo engu-3,000 m2 kanye nendawo yokulima engaphezu kuka-10,000 m2 yaqedwa futhi yaqala ukusebenza. NgoMeyi 2017, isikali sokukhiqiza nsuku zonke sizoba yi-1,500 kg yemifino enamaqabunga, okulingana nezitshalo ze-lettuce eziyi-15,000 ngosuku.

Imibono yale nkampani

3. Izinkinga kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwamafektri ezitshalo

3.1 Izinkinga

3.1.1 Izindleko zokwakha eziphakeme

Izimboni zezitshalo zidinga ukukhiqiza izitshalo endaweni evaliwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwakha amaphrojekthi nemishini esekelayo okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zokulungisa zangaphandle, izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa, izinhlelo zokulima ezinezingqimba eziningi, ukujikeleziswa kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula amakhompyutha. Izindleko zokwakha ziphakeme kakhulu.

3.1.2 Izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu

Iningi lemithombo yokukhanya edingwa yizimboni zezitshalo ivela ezibanini ze-LED, ezisebenzisa ugesi omningi ngenkathi zihlinzeka ngama-spectrum afanele ukukhula kwezitshalo ezahlukene. Imishini efana ne-air conditioning, umoya opholile, kanye namaphampu amanzi enqubweni yokukhiqiza yezimboni zezitshalo nayo isebenzisa ugesi, ngakho-ke izikweletu zikagesi ziyindleko enkulu. Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kwezindleko zokukhiqiza zezimboni zezitshalo, izindleko zikagesi zingu-29%, izindleko zabasebenzi zingu-26%, ukwehla kwenani lempahla engaguquki kungama-23%, ukupakisha kanye nokuthutha kungama-12%, kanye nezinto zokukhiqiza zingu-10%.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza zefektri yezitshalo

3.1.3 Izinga eliphansi lokuzenzakalela

Ifektri yezitshalo esetshenziswayo njengamanje inezinga eliphansi lokusebenza ngokuzenzakalela, futhi izinqubo ezifana nokutshala izithombo, ukufakelwa izitshalo, ukutshala ensimini, kanye nokuvuna kusadinga ukusebenza ngezandla, okuholela ezindleleni eziphezulu zabasebenzi.

3.1.4 Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezitshalo ezingatshalwa

Njengamanje, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele izimboni zezitshalo zilinganiselwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi imifino eluhlaza ekhula ngokushesha, yamukela kalula imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa, futhi ine-canopy encane. Ukutshala okukhulu akukwazi ukwenziwa ngenxa yezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokutshala (njengezitshalo ezidinga ukuthululwa impova, njll.).

3.2 Isu Lokuthuthukisa

Ngenxa yezinkinga ezibhekene nemboni yezimboni zezitshalo, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo oluvela ezicini ezahlukene njengobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza. Ukuphendula izinkinga zamanje, izinyathelo zokulwa nalezi zilandelayo.

(1) Ukuqinisa ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bezimboni zezitshalo nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphathwa okujulile nokucwengekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuphatha nokulawula oluhlakaniphile kusiza ekufezeni ukuphathwa okujulile nokucwengekile kwezimboni zezitshalo, okunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zabasebenzi futhi konge abasebenzi.

(2) Thuthukisa imishini yobuchwepheshe yefektri yezitshalo ebanzi futhi esebenza kahle ukuze kufezwe ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nesivuno esiphezulu minyaka yonke. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokulima nemishini esebenza kahle kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa okonga amandla kanye nemishini, njll., ukuthuthukisa izinga lobuhlakani bezimboni zezitshalo, kusiza ekufezeni ukukhiqizwa kokusebenza kahle konyaka.

(3) Yenza ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokulima kwezimboni zezitshalo ezinenani eliphezulu njengezitshalo zokwelapha, izitshalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nemifino engavamile, wandise izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwa ezimbonini zezitshalo, wandise iziteshi zenzuzo, futhi uthuthukise indawo yokuqala yenzuzo.

(4) Yenza ucwaningo ngezimboni zezitshalo ezisetshenziswa ekhaya nakwezentengiselwano, ucebise izinhlobo zezimboni zezitshalo, futhi uthole inzuzo eqhubekayo ngemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene.

4. Ithrendi Yentuthuko kanye Nethemba Lemboni Yezitshalo

4.1 Ithrendi Yokuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe

4.1.1 Ukuqonda ngenqubo ephelele

Ngokusekelwe endleleni yokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bomshini kanye nendlela yokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kohlelo lwe-crop-robot, ukutshala nokuvuna okushesha kakhulu okuguquguqukayo nokungonakalisi, izindawo eziningi ezisatshalaliswayo ezinendawo enembile kanye nezindlela zokulawula ngokubambisana zemishini eminingi, kanye nokuhlwanyela okungenamuntu, okusebenzayo nokungonakalisi ezimbonini zezitshalo eziphakeme - Amarobhothi ahlakaniphile kanye nemishini esekelayo efana nokupakisha ukutshala nokuvuna kufanele kudalwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqashelwe ukusebenza okungenamuntu kwenqubo yonke.

4.1.2 Yenza ukulawula ukukhiqiza kube okuhlakaniphile

Ngokusekelwe endleleni yokusabela kokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwazo emisebeni yokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukugcwala kwe-CO2, ukugcwala kwezakhamzimba zesisombululo sezakhamzimba, kanye ne-EC, kufanele kwakhiwe imodeli yokulinganisa yempendulo yezitshalo nemvelo. Kufanele kusungulwe imodeli eyinhloko yamasu ukuze kuhlaziywe ngokuguquguqukayo ulwazi lokuphila kwemifino enamaqabunga kanye nemingcele yendawo yokukhiqiza. Uhlelo lokuhlonza olunamandla oluku-inthanethi kanye nohlelo lokulawula inqubo yendawo kufanele futhi lusungulwe. Uhlelo lokwenza izinqumo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa olusebenzisana nemishini eminingi lwenqubo yonke yokukhiqiza yefektri yezolimo eqondile enomthamo omkhulu kufanele ludalwe.

4.1.3 Ukukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokonga amandla

Ukusungula uhlelo lokuphatha amandla olusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya ukuqedela ukudluliselwa kwamandla nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuze kufezwe imigomo yokuphatha amandla engcono kakhulu. Ukubamba nokusebenzisa kabusha ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ukusiza ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo.

4.1.3 Inani eliphezulu lezinhlobo zekhwalithi ephezulu

Amasu angenzeka kufanele athathwe ukuze kuzalwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinenani eliphezulu lokuhlolwa kokutshala, kwakhiwe isizindalwazi sochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bokulima, kwenziwe ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokulima, ukukhethwa kobuningi, ukuhlelwa kwezinhlanga, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemishini, kanye nokwakha imininingwane ejwayelekile yobuchwepheshe bokulima.

4.2 Amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwemboni

Izimboni zezitshalo zingasusa imingcele yezinsizakusebenza kanye nemvelo, ziqaphele ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuthuthukisiwe, futhi zidonsele isizukulwane esisha sabasebenzi ukuba bahlanganyele ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezitshalo zaseShayina sekuba ngumholi womhlaba. Ngokusetshenziswa okusheshayo komthombo wokukhanya we-LED, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, ukuzenzekela, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile emkhakheni wezimboni zezitshalo, izimboni zezitshalo zizodonsela ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe, ukuqoqwa kwamakhono, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha engeziwe, izinto ezintsha, kanye nemishini emisha. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nezikhungo kanye nemishini kungabonakala, izinga lobuhlakani nelingalawulwa lezikhungo kanye nemishini lingathuthukiswa, ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ohlelweni kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ngokusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo, kanye nokutshalwa kancane kancane kwezimakethe ezikhethekile, izimboni zezitshalo ezihlakaniphile zizoletha isikhathi segolide sentuthuko.

Ngokusho kwemibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke yokulima ngokuqondile ngo-2020 ungama-US$2.9 billion kuphela, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke yokulima ngokuqondile uzofinyelela ama-US$30 billion. Ngamafuphi, amafektri ezitshalo anamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa kanye nendawo yokuthuthukiswa.

Umbhali: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, njll

Ulwazi lwezingcaphuno:Isimo Samanje kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezitshalo [J]. Ubuchwepheshe Bobunjiniyela Bezolimo, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.nguZengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, et al.